SOC 100 Final
c) 47 million
About how many adults in the US speak a language other than English at home? a) 32 million b) 12 million c) 47 million d) 2 million
c) an expression of God's will
According to Comte, during the Middle Ages most people in Europe thought of society as: a) a system operating according to its own laws b) a reflection of our human nature c) an expression of God's will d) chaotic and having little form
c) positivism
According to Comte, which of the following is a way of understanding the world based on science? a) tradition b) theology c) positivism d) free will
a) the spread of the Roman Catholic church
All but one of the following historical changes simulated the development of the discipline of sociology. Which one did NOT? a) the spread of the Roman Catholic church b) new political ideas stressing individual rights c) the growth of cities d) the rise of an industrial economy
d) command of language
Human guide to reality is determined by: a) norms b) ethnocentrism c) cultural relativism d) command of language
a) has both positive and negative effects
It is correct to say that the development of more complex technology: a) has both positive and negative effects b) is entirely positive c) is entirely negative d) is mostly negative in its effects
d) all of the above see the constraints in our lives see the opportunities in our lives be more active participants in society
Learning more about sociology helps us to: a) see the constraints in our lives b) see the opportunities in our lives c) be more active participants in society d) all of the above
c) rules defining appropriate behavior
Norms are: a) rules defining exceptional behavior b) atypical behavior c) rules defining appropriate behavior d) counter to good behavior
c) information people can verify with their senses
Sociologists use the concept "empirical evidence" to refer to: a) information based on a society's tradition b) information that most people agree is true c) information people can verify with their senses d) information that squares with common sense
b) values
Standards by which people who share culture define what is desirable, good, and beautiful are called: a) mores b) values c) norms d) folkways
d) verstehen
Studying the meaning of people attach to their everyday lives is the search for: a) value-freedom b) validity c) quantitative data d) verstehen
c) structural-functional approach
The "framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is which of the following? a) symbolic-interaction approach b) social-conflict approach c) structural-functional approach d) all of the above are correct
b) are sometimes in conflict with one another
The cultural values that largely define a culture: a) are always consistent with one another b) are sometimes in conflict with one another c) are shared by absolutely everyone in a society d) always stay the same over the centuries
c) W.E.B. DuBois
The early US sociologist who earned the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color was: a) Jane Addams b) Herbert Spencer c) W.E.B. DuBois d) Harriet Martineau
b) must strive to be personally neutral about the outcome of the research
The ideal of objectivity means that a researcher: a) must study issues that have no special value to society as a whole b) must strive to be personally neutral about the outcome of the research c) must carry out research that will encourage desirable social change d) must not care personally about the topic being studied
c) manifest functions
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as: a) eufunctions b) latent functions c) manifest functions d) dysfunctions
d) culture
What is the term for the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that, together, constitute a people's way of life? a) social structure b) social system c) society d) culture
c) people see themselves as they think others see them
When Charles Horton Cooley used the term "looking-glass self," he was referring to the fact that: a) people are self-absorbed b) our actions are a reflection of our values c) people see themselves as they think others see them d) people see things only from their own point of view
b) Sociology
Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"? a) economics b) sociology c) history d) psychology
c) significant others
According to George Herbert Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these important people as: a) the generalized other b) looking-glass models c) significant others d) role models
a) people creating cultural systems
All around the world, what we find everywhere is: a) people creating cultural systems b) enjoyment of the same sports c) the same ideas about what is right d) the same ideas about what is beautiful and ugly
a) Long - term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans
Based on both the Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys, and the case of Anna the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that: a) Long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans b) both monkeys and humans "bounce back" from long-term isolation c) even days of social isolation is deadly to both monkeys and humans d) social isolation that is harmful to monkeys presents no danger to human children
b) passing cultural patterns for one generation to another
Cultural transmission refers to the process of: a) using writing to record cultural patterns b) passing cultural patterns for one generation to another c) learning culture d) using the oral tradition
b) much culture is habit and is repeated again and again
Culture acts as a constraint on human freedom because: a) culture discourages change b) much culture is habit and is repeated again and again c) humans cannot create new culture for themselves d) all of the above are correct
b) cultural creatures must make and remake the world for themselves
Culture is a source of human freedom because: a) culture does not guide behavior b) cultural creatures must make and remake the world for themselves c) all culture changes so quickly d) all of the above are correct
a) the part of an individual's personality composed of self - awareness and self -image
George Herbert Mead considered the self to be: a) the part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image b) The presence of culture within the individual c) present and infants at the time of their birth d) Basic drives that are self-centered
d) technology
Gerhard Lenski focused on which of the following factors as having great power to shape a society? a) human ideas b) social solidarity c) social conflict d) technology
a) latent function
Keeping young people off the streets would be a ___of sports. a) latent function b) dysfunction c) manifest function d) all of the above are correct
a) challenging commonly held beliefs
Making use of the sociological perspective encourages: a) challenging commonly held beliefs b) accepting conventional ideas c) people to become isolated from one another d) the belief that society is mysterious
b) a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation
Science can be defined as: a) belief based on a society's traditions b) a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation c) a logical system that bases knowledge on political goals d) belief based on faith in ultimate truth
c) social dysfunctions
Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society. What concept refers to these negative consequences? a) social functions b) eufunctions c) social dysfunctions d) social structure
a) social experience has a crucial role in forming human personality
Taken together, the cases of Anna and Genie provide strong evidence that: a) social experience has a crucial role in forming human personality b) any negative effects of long-term social isolation can be overcome in a relatively short time c) both social experience and the presence of the birth mother are crucial to early development d) all of the above are correct
c) monkeys isolated for as little as six months were permanently damaged
The Harlow experiments to discover the effects of social isolation on rhesus monkeys showed that: a) isolated monkeys able to cuddle artificial mothers showed no damage at all b) even several years of social isolation did not produce permanent damage in infant monkeys c) monkeys isolated for as little as six months were permanently damaged d) all of the above are correct
c) the reality people construct as they interact with one another
The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is: a) an arena of conflict between categories of people b) a system that operates to benefit people c) the reality people construct as they interact with one another d) all of the above are correct
b) cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held
The concept "counterculture" refers to: a) high culture b) cultural patterns that oppose those that are widely held c) popular culture d) people living here who were born in another country
d) judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
The concept "ethnocentrism" refers to: a) taking pride in one's ethnicity b) judging another culture as better than one's own c) judging another culture by its own standards d) judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture
d) cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population
The concept "subculture" refers to: a) high culture b) culture of the past c) popular culture d) cultural patterns that set apart a segment of a society's population
c) structural-functional approach
The theoretical approach in sociology that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the: a) symbolic-interaction approach b) social-conflict approach c) structural-functional approach d) none of the above are correct
d) without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action
The tragic case of Anna, the isolated girl studied by Kingsley Davis, shows that: a) many human instincts disappear in the first few years of life b) personality is present in humans at birth c) humans have most of the same instincts found in other animal species d) without social experience, a child is incapable of thought or meaningful action
d) latent functions
Unrecognized and unintended consequences of the social structures are called: a) dysfunctions b) manifest functions c) eufunctions d) latent functions
c) W.E.B. DuBois
Which US sociologist studied the African American community and served as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)? a) Jane Addams b) Herbert Spencer c) W.E.B. DuBois d) Harriet Martineau
b) Karl Marx
Which early sociologist claimed that the important task was not to simply understand society but change it? a) Emile Durkheim b) Karl Marx c) Herbert Spencer d) Talcott Parsons
c) socialization
Which of the following concepts refers to the lifelong social experience by which humans beings develop their potential and learn culture? a) behaviorism b) human nature c) socialization d) personality
b) values
Which of the following is not a dimension of culture? a) material b) values c) normative d) cognitive
c) providing people with recreation and physical conditioning
Which of the following is the best example of a manifest function of sports? a) fostering social relationships b) generating jobs c) providing people with recreation and physical conditioning d) teaching a society's way of life
d) all of the above are correct the flow of goods the flow of people the flow of information
Which of the following play a part in creating a global culture? a) the flow of goods b) the flow of people c) the flow of information d) all of the above are correct
c) personality develops over the entire life course in patterned ways
Which of the following statements comes closest to describing Erik H. Erikson's view of socialization? a) we come to see ourselves as we think others see us b) personality develops mostly in childhood c) personality develops over the entire life course in patterned ways d) personality involves tensions between the forces of biology and forces of culture
c) Learning more about other societies helps us better understand our own way of life
Which of the following statements is true? a) There is no longer serious poverty in the world. b) People the world over live in ways that are mostly the same c) Learning more about other societies helps us better understand our own way of life d) because the USA is so rich, there is little reason for us to learn about the international economy
a) cognition
Which of the following was not the focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's development in moral reasoning? a) cognition b) conventional c) preconventional d) postconventional
a) symbolic-interaction approach
Which theoretical approach highlights the fact that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as the meaning they attach to their behavior? a) symbolic-interaction approach b) social-conflict approach c) structural-functional approach d) social-exchange approach
d) Harriet Martineau
Which woman made a mark as an early sociologist by studying the evils of slavery and also translating the writings of Auguste Comte? a) Elizabeth Cady Stanton b) Jane Addams c) Margaret Mead d) Harriet Martineau
a) Jane Addams
Who was the pioneering sociologist who founded Chicago's Hull House to assist immigrants and who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? a) Jane Addams b) Herbert Spencer c) W.E.B. DuBois d) Harriet Martineau
b) mores; folkways
___ distinguish between right and wrong; ___ distinguished between polite and rude. a) taboos; mores b) mores; folkways c) folkways; mores d) prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms