SOC 119 FINAL
Which trend has the World Bank seen in its study of poverty in low-income nations? a. Equal numbers of men and women live in poverty. b. More men live in poverty than women. c. More women live in poverty than men. d. Children can avoid living in poverty if they live with their fathers.
C
Adolf Hitler blaming germany's pre-war problems on the jewish population is an example of: a. the scapegoat theory b. the social construction of race c. white privilege d. pluralism
a
Ally's father was sent to prison when she was 12 for the trafficking of narcotics; her brother was arrested when she was 13 for possession of methamphetamines. By the age of 18, Ally has been arrested three times for possession of marijuana. Which theory best describes Ally's experience? a. Differential association theory b. Strain theory c. Labeling theory d. Opaque theory
a
Chase grew up wanting to wear his sister's dresses over his brother's pants and button up shirts. When Chase turns 18, he decides to begin living as woman, though he's still only sexually attracted to women. He decides he doesn't want to undergo surgery. Chase is: A. Transgender B. Bisexual C. Transsexual D. Homophobic
a
Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of: a. A meritocracy b. A democracy c. A caste system d. A closed stratification system
a
Marx said evil in the world under that system of capitalism is caused by a. the bourgeoisie exploiting the proletariat and stealing the value of their labor b. the proletariat not owning means of production c. the bourgeoisie owning the means of productuion d. the proletariat stealing from the bourgeoisie
a
When Jeanette's parents find out her twin brother, Rex, has been sexually active, they tell him to use protection. When they found out Jeanette has been sexually active, they ground her for a month. This is an example of: a. A double standard b. A misunderstanding c. Homophobia d. Gender identity
a
Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a. Carol Gilligan b. Erik Erikson c. Sigmund Freud d. Lawrence Kholberg
a
a widely held belief that some activities, relationships, feelings, or goals are important to the humans community's identity or well-being is a. value b. norm c. ethnocentrism d. folkway
a
according to Marx, being separated, removed, or detached from the creative impulses we have is called a. alienation b. anomie c. ideology d. proletarianism
a
according to merton's strain theory, the prototypical deviant is an a. innovator b. rebel c. conformist d. ritualist
a
according to the instructor, human behavior is a. knowable and predictable b. fairly random c. chaotic d. b and c only
a
according to the instructor, which of the following is true concerning culture? a. culture is 100% learned b. culture operates to reveal all of our available choices in life c. cultures never change d. all of the above
a
alienation is defined by the text as: a. the condition in which the individual is isolated and divorced from his or her society, work, or sense of self. b. social forces considered real which exist outside the individual c. the act of defying social norms in favor of group unity d. the strength of ties that people have lead to their social groups, was a key factor in social life
a
all the social aspects having to deal with maleness and femaleness are known as a. gander b. the dinky and the hoohoo c. sex d. sexuality
a
anticipatory socialization is unique because a. we do it to ourselves b. it occurs in adulthood c. it occurs in childhood d. none of the above
a
any behavior a human engages in that influences or is the result of the behavior of someone else is a. social behavior b. pyshco-social behavior c. personal behavior d. pyshcological behavior
a
defining variables in such a way so they can be quantified and thus measured is a. operationalization b. selecting your sample c. causation d. indexing
a
functionalist Émile Durkheim believed some deviance within society was: a necessary b. dangerous c. insignificant d. instrumental
a
if your parents are middle class, why don't they raise you to be upper class, so you will have more advantages in life? a. they don't know what it means to be upper class b. they don't have enough money c. they dont care enough d. they are too busy
a
the concept anomie can be defined as: a. a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness b. how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group c. a person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests d. when one or more of an individuals roles clash
a
the theory of deviance that states you learn deviance just like you learn everything else is called a. differential association theory b. labeling theory c. individual characteristics theory d. control theory
a
what is the most significant threat to the relatively high standard of living people are accustomed to in the US? a. the decline of the middle class b. the feminization of poverty c. the growth of the upper class d. high taxes
a
which group within the United States has been stereotyped as the model minority? a. the asian American b. the African American c. the Arab American d. the hispanic American
a
which is an effect of absolute poverty that also contributes to its cyclical nature? a. lack of education b. home foreclosures c. massive credit card debt d. excellent healthcare
a
which of the following does not affect definitions of deviance? a. severity b. public consensus c. place d. time
a
which of the following is competent go group structure? a. roles b. identities c. people d. all of the above e. none of the above
a
which of the following is true among people who reject traditional gender roles? a. their behavior is consistent with traditional gender roles b. they raise egalitarian children c. their household duties are spilt d. their children often have confused sexual identities
a
which of the following men coined the term positivism? a. auguste comte b. Karl Marx c. Mac weber d. emile durkheim
a
Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? Question options: a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Behaviorism
b
Parents often socialize their children to: a. Understand and follow different norms from what they themselves follow b. Understand and follow the same norms that they themselves follow c. Ignore society and create their own norms and follow them regardless of consequences d. Ignore society and live alone without much interaction with other people
b
The term deviance can be defined as: a. The act of notifying authorities when criminal acts are occurring. b. A violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law. c. Social reward for the violation of norms. d. The regulation and enforcement of norms.
b
Which continent has the greatest number of impoverished nations in the world? a. asia b. Africa c. South America d. north america
b
a cultural universal is : a. an object or belonging of a group b. a pattern or trait common to all societies c, the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a particular society d. a written document outlining appropriate behavior
b
areas that once has vast economic growth and large amounts of industry, but are now suffering from the effects of outsourcing are going through a period of: a. industrialization b. deindustrialization c. post-industrialization d. industrialization
b
expected patterns of behavior about what a person should do is called an a. ascribed status b. normative role c. achieved status d. performance role
b
in an effort to control a total institution, and to create a community of sameness, inmates are forced to strip down, be searched by police officers, and given identical uniforms before entering prison. this is an example of: a. an entry test that must be passed b. a degradation ceremony c. a graduation ceremony d. an exit test that must be passed
b
in order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. this is an example of: a. literature review b. participant observation c. secondary analysis d. dependent variables
b
some sociologists have pointed out that gender roles are often determined by how a society socializes young boys and girls. which of the following is an example of socializing a child into a gender role? a. taking jimmy to the aquarium b. buying Sarah a toy kitchen to play with c. letting Kim wear pants to school d. allowing joey to sleep with his blankey
b
the scientific study of social behavior and structure is a. society b. sociology c. culture d. psychology
b
the term language can be defined as: a. gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world b. a symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted c. the exchange of gestures an signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus d. communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values
b
when Micheal starts high school, he joins the basketball team. he begins to look to his teammate friends for cues on how to behave at dances, in the hallways, and even in the classroom. micheals basketball team is serving as his: a. out-group b. reference group c. aggregate d. secondary group
b
when the instructor said he does not engage in criminal activities such as drug dealing because he does not want to make his mother cry, he is exemplifying which theory of deviance? a. strain theory b. control theory c. connected-detachment theory d. the instructor is a big wussy mommas boy theory
b
which social class is quickly disappearing from modern economics? a. upper class b. middle class c. lower class d. the amount of people in each class has been about the same for the past 10 years
b
Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: a. self-esteem is directly correlated with body image b. the media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures c. people base their images on how they think other people figures d. personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces
c
Christine is president of her Improvisation Comedy Troupe. When making decisions about booking gigs, rehearsal spaces, and call-times, Christine leaves the troupe to decide for themselves. Christine is a(n) _____ leader. a. Authoritarian b. Democratic c. Laissez-faire d. Republican
c
Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender: a. Bending b. Indifference c. Socialization d. Stratification
c
Marx's stage theory about the historical evolution of societies was called a. the socialists solutions b. the communist manifesto c. dialectical (historical) materialism d. conflict progression
c
___ societies relied on permanent tools for survival, and expanded due to innovations such as crop rotation and fertilizer a. industrial b. feudal c. agricultural d. hunter-gatherer
c
_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society a. symbolic interactionism b. conflict theory c. structural functionalists d. social individualists
c
a class of third graders is told that the assistant principle will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. when the principle visits, the students behave perfectly. this is an example of... a. authority affect b. regressive affect c. Hawthorne affect d. cognizant effect
c
according to the instructor, a decision was made around 1980 which has lead to the erosion of the middle class. what was that decision? a. to cancel public work projects b. to wage the war on drugs c. if a person wants to go to college, they will pay for it themselves d. all of the above
c
according to the instructor, the second wave of the feminist movement started a. with the push for women's suffrage b. with the abolitionist movement c. as an offshoot of the civil right and anti-war movements in the late 1960s d. after WWII when women were forced out of their jobs and back into the home
c
at what point in the scientific process is a theory proven? a. when knowledge is systemized b. once the hypothesis is tested c. a theory is never proven d. generalization
c
sanctions for violating folkways are typically a. formalized, public, and involve are typically b. relegated to the criminal justice system c. fairly minor d. fairly severe
c
the term assimilation is defined in the text as: a. when a dominant group forces a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country b. the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture c. the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture d. the act of singling out an individual because of his or her race
c
using a tape measure to measure a person's intelligence would be an example of what kind of problem in the research process? a. reliability b. objectively c. validity d. the research teams inability to know "when to say when" the previous evening
c
when a fourth grader tells her friend that you can't get pregnant the first time you have sex, this is an example of a. intuitive knowledge b. experimental knowledge c. revealed knowledge d. scientific knowledge
c
when the instructor argued that humans don't have instincts the evidence he cited was a. recent studies from the field of evolutionary psychology b. recent biological studies in primate evolution c. humans can choose to ignore strong impulses that are instinctual in other animals d. he cited no evidence
c
which form of deviance best exemplifies groups such as the "heavens gate" group? a. status b. behavioral c. attitudinal d. conditional
c
which of the following is an example of a counterculture? a. the yuppie craze of the 1980s b. the kardashian obsession of the 2010s c. the hippie movement of the 1960s d. the disco invasion of the 1970s
c
Elise travels across Thailand with her friends, and to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the US. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." this is an example of: a. paradigms b. xenocentrism c. moral relativism d. ethnocentrism
d
John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable. a. independent variable: grades dependent variable: laptops b. independent variable: John dependent variable: grades c. independent variable: grades dependent variable: john c, independent variable: laptops dependent variable grades
d
Marx would say cultural messages such as "money can't buy happiness" and "real men don't eat quiche" are examples of a. popular culture b. alienation c. Kulture d. ideology
d
Whose work do conflict theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification? a. Auguste Comte b. Émile Durkheim c. René Decartes d. Karl Marx
d
a socially defined position in a group or society one earns by acquiring specialized skills, knowledge, or training is called a. normative role b. role set c. ascribed status d. achieved status
d
according to hirschi's control theory of deviance, which of the following is most effective social norm? a. courts b. jails c. police d. attachment to significant other e. all of the above
d
according to the instructor, if you feel free to cut the cheese in front of someone you are a. not fully socialized b. a sick, rude, %^$^ c. in a secondary relationship d. probably in a primary relationship with the person
d
according to the instructor, subtle forms of racial discrimination and prejudice that a person would not acknowledge or even be aware of would be called: a. overt racism b. acculturation c. assimilation d. covert racism
d
according to the instructor, the first time the middle class (as we know it) appeared in this country was a. 1955 b. 1776 c. 1939 d. 1910
d
according to the social construction of race school of thought, race is: a. based on geographic regions b. no longer in existence c. a product of the media d. not biologically identifiable
d
an interactionist would study society by examining a, the formation of the self b. symbols c. how people define reality d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
biological determinism is: a. the prejudiced belief that one sex should be valued over another b. an extreme or irrational aversion to homosexuals c. an individual's sense of being either masculine or feminine d. the belief that men and women behave differently due to differences in their biology
d
in Marx's stage theory of societal evolution, what is the first stage of social classes? a. the first stage of communism b. feudalism c. socialism d. slavery
d
martial infidelity is a violation of what kind of social norm? a. major law b. folkway c. minor law d. more
d
patterns of attitudes and behaviors that are expected because someone is biologically male or female is a. gender b. sexuality c. sex d. gender roles
d
please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination a. the theory that man evolved slowly overtime b. the process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics c. a series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams' d. how individuals understand their own and others' parts in relation to history and social structure
d
reliability is defined in the text as: a. how well the study measure what is was designed to measure b. how long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential c. how close the study's results come to the experimenters hypothesis d. a measure of how a studies consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced
d
symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that: a. most people do not care about social rank and standing b. only lower class people drink beer c. only upper class people can enjoy a good game of polo d. most people only socialize with people in their same social class
d
the term discrimination is defined in the text as: a. a theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture b. biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people c. an expression of dissatisfaction with the justice system d. prejudice action against a group of people
d
the term meritocracy is defined by the text as: a. a status-based regime in which advancement is unlikely b. the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation c. the authoritarian devalue of an employee d. a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on proven and documented skills
d
the term secondary deviance can be defined as: a. when positive formal sanctions cause an individual to deviate from societies expectations b. when a violation of norms does not result in nay long-term effects on the individuals self image or interactions with others c. when negative informal sanctions encourage an individual to seek more positive behavioral choices d. when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or his actions are labeled as deviant by members of society
d
what does socialization do for society? a. its where the concept of self comes from b its the way an individual learns culture c. it integrates individuals into the groups in which they live d. all of the above e. a and b only
d
what is one difference between a more and a folkway? a. mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not b. more are legally acceptable; folkways are not c. mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not d. more may carry serious consequences; folkways do not
d
when you approach an elevator and another person is standing there and the button it lit, and you push the button again, you are telling them a. you do not wish to have group with them b. you do not share a goal c. you do not have a sense of unity d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
which historical event was greatly responsible for global stratification as we see it today? a. WWI b. the fall of the British empire c. the French revolution d. the industrial revolution
d
which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy? a. clear division of labor b. impersonality c. explicit rules d. personality based promotion
d
according to the instructor, all of the following would be considered to be members of a minority group EXECPT: a. white women b. black men c. black women d. latino men e. all of the above are members of a minority group
e
according to the instructor, social class in the US is based on meritorious factors like intelligence, drive, talent, and ambition. true or false?
false
according to the instructor, the amount of income or wealth one has is the best and more direct determination of ones social class. True or false?
false
according to the instructor, there are several biological differences between men and women and these differences have a significant impact on gender inequities. true or false?
false
true or false; deviance is always considered a crime?
false
according to the instructor, culture and language are mirrored in each other. in other words, culture is reflected in language and vice versa. true or false?
true
according to the instructor, if you are born in middle class, you will die in the middle class. true or false?
true
according to the instructor, knowing what culture someone is from aids immensely in predicting that person's behavior. true or false?
true
according to the instructor, most groups we are members of are secondary groups. true or false?
true
according to the instructor, primary groups are essential to making us who we are. true or false?
true
according to the instructor, the one profound factor that ultimately led to the middle class as we now conceive of it is that via various policies and practices average workers became consumers of the products they manufactured. true or false?
true
the social context people find themselves in has more to do with their behavior than anything in particular about them. true or false?
true
true or false: a person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender
true