SOC 201 Unit 1 Exam

Parker identifies his sexual orientation as gay. He has had a few long-term relationships, and is currently engaged to be married. He has no fear of being arrested for same-gender sex due to the removal of the ______ in the United States. a. "Lavender Scare" b. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" policy c. sex work laws d. sodomy laws

d. sodomy laws

In 1960, Lois Rabinowitz was ejected from a New York traffic court for wearing pants, which was considered indecent. In 2019, a federal judge struck down a dress code at a charter school in North Carolina that required girls to wear skirts, claiming that it was unconstitutional and discriminatory toward females. What conclusion can be inferred from this change? a. Perceptions of social problems change over time. b. The constitution has changed since 1960, and now ensures equal protections under the law. c. Federal judges are more likely to be politically liberal than in the past. d. The institution of the judiciary is becoming more responsive to public opinion.

a. Perceptions of social problems change over time.

Anita identifies as a woman, and she was born with two X chromosomes. Due to this, Anita is considered ______. a. agender b. cis-gendered c. non-binary d. transgendered

b. cis-gendered

You have identified a social problem you are interested in studying. According to the social scientific research process, what is your next step? a. decide on the type of data to collect b. conduct a literature review c. collect and analyze data d. plan to collect data

b. conduct a literature review

Olivia is a member of a gaming community. She is particularly skilled at computer technology and gaming in particular. Sometimes, Olivia finds herself the victim of sexual comments and trolling in the discussion rooms or even the game itself. Olivia is experiencing ______. a. gender non-conformity b. cyber harassment c. gender-based activism d. street harassment

b. cyber harassment

Based on what you know about how social problems are constructed, which social issue is most likely to be considered a social problem? a. Lead is discovered in the drinking water of the poor section of town. b. A large corporation's most popular product is found to cause cancer. c. Several gang-related burglaries occur in a gated community. d. Millions of people go bankrupt each year because they cannot afford healthcare.

c. Several gang-related burglaries occur in a gated community.

A person says, "I don't prefer to speak about race. I accept all people no matter what color; it can be green, blue, or anything really." This is an example of ______. a. systemic racism b. institutional racism c. colorblind racism d. imagined cultural traits

c. colorblind racism

Sophia, a 14-year-old girl, has been having a lot of sexual thoughts and feelings lately. She is afraid of these feelings. She is also too afraid to talk to anyone about them. As a result, Sophia actively pushes any sexual feelings and thoughts she is having away from her consciousness by regressing into her childhood. Sophia has a ______ view. a. demisexual b. sex positive c. sex negative d. gray-asexuality

c. sex negative

Keisha and Julia are planning their wedding. Their families and friends fully support their same-gender marriage. In fact, most people they encounter congratulate them. They have not experienced any harassment at all. Keisha and Julia believe that since there are increased numbers of same-sex couples in the media, there has been a shift in the culture. This cultural shift can be explained and understood through ______. a. conflict theory b. romanticism c. symbolic interactionism d. dating culture

c. symbolic interactionism

Which term describes a social fear that results in negative economic consequences for people of color? a. suburbanization b. gentrification c. double consciousness d. White flight

d. White flight

Naomi's father promised a neighboring family that she will marry their son. Naomi does not want to marry this man. Her father told her that the other family paid a good price for her which will feed her family. Her father also orders her to do whatever her new husband requires of her. Naomi is most likely the victim of ______. a. gray-asexuality b. symbolic interactionism c. transphobia d. sexual slavery

d. sexual slavery

In the early years of the opioid crisis, individuals struggling with addiction were perceived as lacking willpower, and their struggles were criminalized. In recent years, several states sued pharmaceutical companies for misleading doctors about the addictive potential of the opioids they manufactured. Being able to identify the opioid crisis as a "public health problem" with structural causes is an example of what sociological concept? a. sociological constructionism b. sociological perspective c. sociological imagination d. sociological eye

d. sociological eye

The executives at Harris Advertising include 10 men and 2 women. Many times, the men get together and attend sporting events to network and discuss what they are working on. The two women executives are generally overlooked without invitations to these networking events. It is assumed that they would not enjoy the sporting events, and therefore there is no effort made to include them. This is an example of ______. a. gender discrimination b. gender wage gap c. gender bias d. gender binary

a. gender discrimination

Kumar is an openly gay man. He currently works as an IT specialist for a major corporation. He has previously worked as a software designer. He left his previous employment for unspecified reasons. When searching out a new job, it was important to Kumar that there be sexual and gender non-discrimination policies in place. Kumar most likely left his previous employment due to ______. a. harassment b. polyamory c. symbolic interactionism d. coercion

a. harassment

Fairview school district has recently enacted some new programs. They want to make their schools safer for all students, especially for those who identify as LGBTQ+, from bullying. These programs include safe spaces for LGBTQ+ students to address bullying as well as training for school personnel. These programs have allowed for all students to feel safer and resulted in ______. a. lower levels of suicidal ideation b. higher levels of bullying c. higher levels of violence d. lower levels of tolerance

a. lower levels of suicidal ideation

At a college orientation a career counselor emphasizes the value of maintaining good relationships with classmates and other acquaintances. The counselor explains that maintaining close friends is important to mental and emotional well-being, but having a wide variety of acquaintances on good terms is more likely to open up career opportunities. The career counselor is speaking to the students about ______ capital. a. social b. cultural c. economic d. gender

a. social

Silvia was born in a poor household, but was lucky enough to attend good schools over the course of her life. She applied herself to her studies, eventually obtained a medical degree, and became a wealthy doctor. Silvia's society is stratified based on which criteria? a. social class b. slavery c. estate d. caste

a. social class

Ava was born into a middle-class household. When she graduated from high school, she decided to work for her father's construction business instead of going to college. When her father retired, Ava took over the business and ultimately had a middle-class family of her own. What concept describes Ava's experience? a. social class reproduction b. negative wealth c. stratified d. mobility

a. social class reproduction

Juanita is troubled by the rising number of shootings in her community. She lacks money and power, but desperately wants to make a lasting structural difference. If she is to be successful, what is the next thing she should do? a. Stage a boycott of gun shops in town. b. Form an organized group of like-minded people. c. March through town with a sign to raise awareness. d. Begin patrolling high-crime neighborhoods in her car to deter crime.

b. Form an organized group of like-minded people.

Amber dresses her new baby in pink. She also encourages her baby to express her feelings whatever they may be. Amber has given her baby a ragdoll to hold onto for comfort as well. This illustrates that Amber is already teaching her child to be feminine through ______. a. gender ideology b. gender socialization c. gender binary d. gender policing

b. gender socialization

Valerie grew up middle class. She became one of the best surgeons in the country and ran a successful private practice. Valerie's parents and grandparents were public school teachers and taught her the value of hard work and education. What describes the mobility she experienced compared to her parents' generation? a. intragenerational mobility b. intergenerational mobility c. meritocracy d. redistribution

b. intergenerational mobility

Anna and Miguel have been friends since grade school. Anna wants to go into business and so she has adopted many personality traits that she thinks will help her such as competitiveness, strength, and bravery. These traits are valued in the overall culture. Miguel would like to become a nurse to help others but his traits of compassion and nurturing are not seen as good characteristics to have if you are male. He is often teased due to these characteristics. This is an example of a ______ culture. a. male-dominated b. male-identified c. male-centered d. hypermasculine

b. male-identified

Marissa has a primary partner, and three other romantic partners. She feels attraction and attachment to all of them. All of her partners understand the situation and her partners know each other. It is not uncommon for all of them to eat dinner together. Marissa is most likely ______. a. heterosexual b. polyamorous c. kinky d. aromantic

b. polyamorous

Keisha dated a few men and felt satisfied in her relationships with them. She had both sexual attraction and an emotional bond. Lately, Keisha has been feeling a sexual attraction to her coworker Judy. This has not happened before in Keisha's life. She is now questioning whether she is ______. a. demisexual b. asexual c. bisexual d. gray-asexual

c. bisexual

Jeremy has been feeling very sad and listless lately. He knows that he should tell someone but does not want to be labeled in a negative way. He decides to just keep going on in silence and hope that he will feel better soon. Jeremy is suffering from ______. a. cyber harassment b. gender-based activism c. the stigma of vulnerability d. gender discrimination

c. the stigma of vulnerability

George was born into the nobility. Susan was a serf living in the land he had lordship over. After a chance meeting, George and Susan were married, and Susan's social position changed. This society is stratified based on which criteria? a. slavery b. caste c. social class d. estate

d. estate

Dwayne plans on becoming a social scientist after graduating from a PhD program. As a black man, he recognizes that his academic choices would not have been available to him if he had been born in his great-grandparents' generation. What sociological skill is he using when he draws this conclusion? a. sociological constructionism b. sociological eye c. sociological perspective d. sociological imagination

d. sociological imagination

What is one reliable way social scientists measure the extent of racial profiling? a. survey racial attitudes of police b. theorizing c. self-reported surveys d. state records of traffic stops and patrol by police

d. state records of traffic stops and patrol by police

A sociology student asked why sociologists study race if race is not actually real. How would the professor answer? a. Race is real in its consequences. b. Ethnicity is the variable sociologists actually examine. c. Studying race is different from talking about race. d. Sociology ignores biology.

a. Race is real in its consequences.

Early in 2019, New York passed the "Reproductive Health Act," which reduced restrictions on abortion in the state. A few short months later, Georgia became the first of several states to pass laws imposing strict restrictions on abortion, including in the cases of rape and incest. What sociological concept demonstrates why two states passed such dramatically different laws to address a social problem at roughly the same time? a. The social structures in Georgia are more concerned about public opinion than in New York. b. Northern states are more politically conservative than southern states. c. Social constructions of what is—and is not—a social problem vary from state to state. d. Abortion is a much more detrimental to society in Georgia than in New York.

c. Social constructions of what is—and is not—a social problem vary from state to state.

Marcus and his partner John were enjoying a leisurely evening out in their hometown. They were window shopping and openly affectionate with one another. A group of young men walked by them and began to shout derogatory names at the two of them. This harassment did not stop there as the group surrounded the couple and began to assault them. This illustrates ______. a. the "Lavender Scare" b. public indecency c. a hate crime d. rape culture

c. a hate crime

Successful social movements will research the social problem and possible solutions to the problem, as well as identify individuals and groups who can help support their cause. What is the next step? a. Identify a goal that others can rally around. b. Organize effective actions. c. Form an organized group. d. Mobilize resources.

d. Mobilize resources.

Jamal has served in the National Guard for many years. He is proud to serve his country, but for many years in the 1990s was afraid of being openly gay. He knew that his superiors could not question him about his sexual orientation but that they could still discharge him from service. Thankfully, now Jamal can serve his country as an openly gay man. Jamal's early years in the National Guard illustrate ______. a. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" b. sodomy laws c. the "Lavender Scare" d. rape culture

a. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"

In 2006, a poll conducted by Langer Research Associates for ABC News found that 85% of people believed that climate change was caused by human activity. In 2018, the same poll found that the number had decreased to 81%. Based on what you know about how social problems are constructed, which explanation is the most likely cause for the decrease? a. In recent years, powerful corporations have worked harder to influence public opinion on climate change in a way that benefits the corporations. b. The media has reported on new scientific discoveries of other causes for climate change. c. There has been a decrease in the number of organized social movements related to climate change. d. Scientists have become less successful in communicating the causes of climate change to the public.

a. In recent years, powerful corporations have worked harder to influence public opinion on climate change in a way that benefits the corporations.

Kayla is a college sophomore. She runs track for her school. Lately, she has noticed that the men on the track team have more tutors, larger locker rooms, and even a sauna available to them. The women on the track team do not have these advantages. Kayla decides to go talk to someone on her campus about this issue. She chooses to go to the ______. a. Title IX office b. Culture Reframed office c. Lily Ledbetter office d. LGBTQ Center

a. Title IX office

What is an example of sociology in action? a. Utilizing research to encourage universities to improve their response to sexual assault. b. Presenting a paper on social inequality at a conference. c. Publishing peer-reviewed research identifying the negative impact of social inequality. d. Collecting data on terrorist events and building a large dataset to study.

a. Utilizing research to encourage universities to improve their response to sexual assault.

Luis has been dating for a while and feels no physical attraction. He begins to date Lauren and finds that they have many interests in common; they can talk about anything. Luis begins to feel a deep emotional bond with Lauren. Soon after, he finds that he is also very sexually attracted to her. Luis is experiencing ______. a. demisexuality b. pansexuality c. bisexuality d. asexuality

a. demisexuality

Ricky is a 30-year-old male who plays many violent video games and has several weapons at his disposal. He has been suffering from depression lately due to the breakup and rejection of his longtime girlfriend. His girlfriend had reported Ricky to the police for domestic violence. Ricky's video games and weapons make him at risk for becoming a shooter, but the history of domestic violence and breakup are further evidence of the ______ putting him risk. a. gendered nature of the violence b. rape culture c. pornification of culture d. objectification of women

a. gendered nature of the violence

Suburbanization caused most wealthy people to move out of the city. As a result, the residential property values in urban areas decreased. With fewer people looking to buy real estate in the city, the better investments were in the suburbs where demand for purchasing a home was high. As property values plummeted in urban areas, real estate investors bought former mansions for very cheap and turned them into luxury apartment complexes for students attending a university nearby. Low-income residents were forced out of the city as property values and investment begin to climb back up in certain areas. This describes the process of ______. a. gentrification b. microaggression c. White flight d. migration

a. gentrification

Patrick graduated college and worked as a financial analyst for three years. The firm he worked for experienced a crisis due to fraudulent activity and he was laid off. He enjoyed a comfortable upper class lifestyle before he was laid off. After months of being unemployed, his house was under foreclosure and he suffered a devastating illness. Due to his special medical needs he went on government assistance and moved in with his brother's family. Patrick's shifting class position illustrates ______. a. intragenerational mobility b. redistribution c. meritocracy d. intergenerational mobility

a. intragenerational mobility

Priya engages in unconventional sexual practices. She prefers to dominate her partners, no matter their gender or sexual orientation, as well as participate in bondage practices. She always finds consensual partners who share her same desires. She does not identify her sexuality by the gender of her partners but rather as ______. a. kinky b. polyamorous c. pansexual d. homoromantic

a. kinky

It is common for Americans to wear clothes made in Southeast Asia due to outsourcing of manufacturing jobs. Multinational corporations can find cheap labor and import products at a low cost. Which concept describes this process? a. cultural capital b. globalization c. social capital d. civil liberties

b. globalization

Connor is eight years old. He is a sensitive young boy and cries when he is in distress. Classmates tell him that "boys don't cry" and that he needs to be tough. Connor is experiencing gender oppression at the ______ level. a. domination b. interactional c. institutional d. individual

b. interactional

Tucker and Rosa have been married for a few years. During that time, Rosa became the victim of domestic violence. Tucker also made unwanted sexual advances on his wife, resulting in sexual abuse known as ______. a. psychological coercion b. marital rape c. submission d. bullying

b. marital rape

Gustavo and Tanya have lived together for 2 years now. They are both independent adults, gainfully employed, and a monogamous couple. Their parents understand and approve of their arrangement. This is due to the shift in ______. a. conflict theory b. norms about premarital sex c. psychological coercion d. polyamory

b. norms about premarital sex

Priya lives in a society where she is not allowed to go to school or leave her house alone because she is female. She must always be vigilant as her society allows "honor killings" if she is perceived as committing anything against the law. Priya's lives in a ______. a. feminine culture b. patriarchal culture c. matrix of domination d. hookup culture

b. patriarchal culture

Before World War II a popular stereotype about Jewish people was that they were naturally athletic. When the opportunity structure changed they gained access to whiteness and wealth and fewer Jewish people focused their time and energy on playing sports. As a result, this stereotype faded away. This historical example demonstrates how ______. a. the Civil Rights Movement began b. racial stereotypes are socially constructed c. social movements influence social change d. meritocracy works best

b. racial stereotypes are socially constructed

Olivia and Robert are 16 years old and have been dating for several months. They decide that it would be fun to have Robert take nude photos of Olivia. They make sure this is done in private. Robert says he will not share the photos with anyone. He uploads the photos to his computer where a friend of his finds them. This friend informs Robert that he could be charged with child pornography since Olivia is under the age of 18. This is due to the ______. a. sodomy laws b. sex offender laws c. sex worker laws d. sex trafficking laws

b. sex offender laws

Sixteen-year-old Charlie has been texting Sophie for about a month. He really wants to go out with her and his friends say if he sends her a nude picture of his genitals, she will definitely go out with him. Not thinking this through, Charlie goes ahead and texts her the picture. Not only does Sophie no longer want to go out with Charlie, but he has also opened himself up to being charged with child pornography due to the ______. a. conflict theory b. sex offender laws c. "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" campaign d. sodomy laws

b. sex offender laws

Lynn's role in a criminal syndicate is to befriend vulnerable women and gain their trust. Lynn targets people suffering from drug addiction, or homeless teenagers who were kicked out of their parents' home or who ran away to flee abuse. After letting them stay in her spare room for free and giving them money for odd jobs, Lynn eventually brings the women to her boss. Lynn's boss holds the women against their will and moves them to various places for forced sex labor. This illustrates ______. a. the "Lavender Scare" b. sex trafficking c. symbolic interactionism d. polyamory

b. sex trafficking

Sociologist Devah Pager conducted an audit study to document the process of landing a job interview. The study featured pairs of applicants equally qualified except for the status of race and criminal history. What were the findings of this groundbreaking research? a. Black applicants without a criminal record were called back at higher rates than White applicants with a criminal record. b. Whites with a criminal record were least likely to be called back. c. Whites with a criminal record were more likely to be called back than Black applicants without a criminal record. d. Black applicants without a criminal record were called the most due to affirmative action policies.

c. Whites with a criminal record were more likely to be called back than Black applicants without a criminal record.

The statement, "You cannot be neutral on a moving train," describes how ______. a. racial injustice is getting worse b. racism is unique to a few individuals c. alleged neutrality ultimately supports injustice d. the Industrial Revolution changed standards of living

c. alleged neutrality ultimately supports injustice

Katherine's school has enacted a new dress code. The rules state that skirts and shorts need to be a certain length and no sleeveless tops can be worn. The rules have even gone so far as to specifically state that all bra straps must be covered by shirts. The reasoning given for the bra strap rule is that these straps are a distraction to other students. Katherine knows that they mean "male" students. She feels that this is a form of ______. a. homosocial reproduction b. motherhood penalty c. body-shaming d. hypermasculinity

c. body-shaming

Maria is promoted to a supervisory position in her company. She is generally regarded as being aggressive and therefore not liked very much. The other supervisors in the company are just as aggressive as Maria. In fact, they are usually more aggressive with clients than she tends to be. The way that the others see Maria and the other supervisors is an example of ______. a. gender wage gap b. gender discrimination c. gender bias d. gender binary

c. gender bias

Jamal is always being told that a "real man" does not cry. When he does express his emotions, his friends call him derogatory names. They also tell him to "man-up." The language that Jamal's friends use is an example of ______. a. body-shaming b. gender binary c. gender policing d. homosocial reproduction

c. gender policing

Kate works in finance and is one of only a handful of women in her office. She is repeatedly exposed to offensive remarks and "jokes" about women in general. Many times, the "jokes" and remarks are not just offensive but sexual in nature. Kate is experiencing ______. a. motherhood penalty b. homosocial reproduction c. sexual harassment d. gender culture

c. sexual harassment

Robert has the right to legally own lower stratified people as if they were property. Robert's society is stratified based on which criteria? a. caste b. social class c. slavery d. estate

c. slavery

Which is an example of cultural capital? a. The society values money over good deeds. b. The society values good deeds over money. c. A person from the lower class has exceptional math ability and gets a full-ride scholarship to a public university. d. A recent college graduate gets a prestigious internship with a recommendation from a family friend.

d. A recent college graduate gets a prestigious internship with a recommendation from a family friend.

Prior to the 2000s, portrayals of LGBTQ individuals in the media were overwhelmingly negative and hyperbolic. In a 2006 study, Edward Schiappa, Peter Gregg and Dean Hewes found that the TV show Will and Grace, which included more positive and "normal" portrayals of LGBTQ individuals than seen in years past, was successful in reducing homophobia. What does this study illustrate? a. Society became less homophobic, which led to more positive portrayals in media. b. LGBTQ individuals changed the way they were portrayal by gaining power in the media. c. Homophobia has only recently impacted enough people to be considered a social problem. d. Social problems are constructed and deconstructed by societies.

d. Social problems are constructed and deconstructed by societies.

Julia has recently broken up with her partner. Even though it seemed like an amicable split, she has noticed that he has been following her on campus. He has started constantly texting her to see where she is. She has even found him waiting outside of her classes as she leaves. All of this behavior has begun to scare Julia. She decides to report him for stalking. Julia knows that she has recourse for this behavior because of the ______. a. Lily Ledbetter Act b. Equal Pay Act c. Title IX Act d. Violence Against Women Act

d. Violence Against Women Act

Fairview school district has decided to teach abstinence-only sex education to prevent teen sexual behavior. They believe that this will reduce unwanted pregnancies, STIs, and sexual behavior in general. This decision was made in response to several news reports of teen sexual behavior being out of control. The school district is most likely responding to ______. a. psychological coercion b. sodomy laws c. research in sex education d. a moral panic

d. a moral panic

Lionel's partner has just had a new baby. They are overjoyed at being new parents. Fortunately for Lionel, his company offers paternity leave so that he can be home with his new family. Lionel, while wanting to take the full 4 weeks, only takes one week of leave to be with his new child. Lionel fears ______. a. the matrix of domination with the full leave b. the stigma of victimization by taking the full leave c. a promotion if he takes the full leave d. a social backlash if he takes the full leave

d. a social backlash if he takes the full leave

In spite of the fact that Aisha was born a Shudra, or a low-status worker, her Hindu faith tells her that if she is a good person, she will be reborn into a higher group. She focuses not on her daily struggles, but instead on the better life she will have when she is reincarnated. Aisha's society is stratified based on which criteria? a. social class b. slavery c. estate d. caste

d. caste

James never had any sexual attraction to the opposite gender. From a very young age, he knew his romantic and sexual attraction was to the same gender. Once in college, James felt more comfortable embracing his sexual orientation. James is most likely ______. a. bisexual b. lesbian c. asexual d. gay

d. gay

Jess is a transgender woman. She avoids going to the doctor's office when she is ill. Many of her transgender friends have been denied medical services due to their perceived gender. Fearing being denied medical treatment for the flu, Jess does not tell the doctor her full history. This could lead to ______. a. good medical care b. a lavender scare c. symbolic interactionism d. inadequate medical care

d. inadequate medical care

Tyler plays on his school's football team. He is also a dedicated fan for both the local college team and professional football team. He also enjoys other sports and follows basketball, soccer, and baseball year round. He notices that there are women's teams in these sports as well, but doesn't see the same emphasis put on attending and following those teams. Tyler has noted that the culture is ______. a. male-dominated b. male-identified c. hypermasculine d. male-centered

d. male-centered

Alyssa wants to go into politics when she graduates college. She is currently serving in the National Guard and has volunteered on various political campaigns. She takes note that her superiors in the National Guard are all male. She also notices that all the campaigns on which she has worked, and most all political office holders are overwhelmingly male. Alyssa has observed ______ in the culture. a. male-centeredness b. hypermasculinity c. male-identification d. male-dominance

d. male-dominance

A local store is trying to a new pitch to sell more of their ice cream. They are using images of women's lips heavily covered in wet lipstick on the ice cream. There is no facial image, just the lips and product they are selling. This would be an example of ______. a. street harassment b. sexual harassment c. gender socialization d. pornification of culture

d. pornification of culture

Josh has been playing explicit video games. His games include stealing cars and shooting at police. All the women in Josh's video games are exotic dancers or prostitutes. This video game illustrates the ______. a. glass escalator b. homosocial reproduction c. street harassment of culture d. pornification of culture

d. pornification of culture

Rosa takes the subway to work every day. She has a few blocks to walk in order to get to her subway stop. As she walks past the roadwork being done in her neighborhood, she receives whistles and verbal taunts about the way that she looks. Rosa finds this very uncomfortable as she continues on her way to the subway. Rosa is experiencing ______. a. digital abuse b. rape culture c. homosocial reproduction d. street harassment

d. street harassment