soc !

One of the functions of symbolic culture is that

it enables people to communicate.

What is the definition of feminism?

looks at gender inequalities in society ?- what about the women

What are the different levels of analysis used in sociological theory

macro and micro

Examples of ________ are the furniture and artwork in a building.

material culture

symbolic

meanings are created through interactions

Which part of sociology can likened to a zoom lens on a camera?

microsociology

What is the distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods?

qualitative- works with nonnumerical data such as texts, written field notes, interviews transcripts quantitative- works with numerical data translated to the social world.

What is the sociological imagination

quality of the mind that allows us to understand the relationship between our individual and larger social forces

When a sociologist argues that their study of a particular group tells us something about a larger group, they are claiming

representativeness.

Incarceration, a frown, and monetary fines are all examples of

sanctions.

According to Émile Durkheim, what was the basis for the bonds created through mechanical solidarity in traditional societies?

shared traditions and similar experiences

What sociological theory discusses how a stable system of structures contribute to the equilibrium of society as a whole?

structural functionalism

paradigm

are broad theoretical models about how things work in the social and natural world

Bernard McGrane suggested that individuals adopt a(n) ________ to unlearn what we already know and better understand the social world.

beginner's mind

Only an authoritative body or formal institution can impose negative sanctions.

fasle

Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and TheSpirit of Capitalism discusses the origin of the capitalist system. In this work he addresses how people are trapped by the bureaucratic structure of society; what did he refer to this entrapment as?

iron cage

What are the limitations to scientific sociology?

1. society is incredibly complex 2. human beings respond to their surroundings 3. social patterns change constantly 4. sociologist is a part of the world they study

pramatism

A perspective that assumes organisms make practical adaptations to their environment humans do this congtion interpretation and interaction

Functionalsim

A theory that views society as a complex system composed of many individual parts working together to maintain solidarity and social stability Macro-Level Emile Durkheim

What does it mean for a sociologist to control for a variable?

All factors except the independent variable are taken into account.

Why do social scientists who use interviews rarely speak with large numbers of people for a project?

Face-to-face interviewing is a very time-consuming process.

Everyday cultural practices such as greeting a friend, giving someone flowers, or using a thumbs-up seem like natural ways of acting. Why does having an awareness of how these practices vary across cultures demonstrate a healthy sociological imagination?

It reminds us that everyday interactions are connected to larger societies and norms.

Which of the following is a subculture?

Korean pop music fans

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using existing sources of data for research?

Researchers often seek answers to questions the data does not directly address.

What does social location mean? What is the importance of your social location

The combination of factors includes gender, race, social class, age, ability, religion, sexual orientation, and geographic location. it gives us status and blocks us from having status.

What is ethnocentrism

The principle of using ones own culture as a means or standard by which to evaluate another group or individuals leading to the view that culture other than ones own are abnormal or inferior How is harmful in our understanding of culture?- it can prevent our understanding of other cultures and people.

Why might Karl Marx and Émile Durkheim be placed far apart on sociology's family tree?

The theoretical approaches they founded are very different.

What could you determine about a researcher if you didn't know anything about them except that they are studying interactions patterns within middle school classrooms?

They are a microsociologist.

Peter Stearns (2004) consulted various existing sources for his book Anxious Parents: A History of Modern Childrearing in America. What did he find?

Whereas children were once viewed as self-sufficient mini-adults, beginning in the late 1800s children came to be seen as particularly vulnerable.

What are the different ways that sociologists distinguish between norms

While norms are the expectations that society has for people's behavior. taboos- it is a violation insect with family folkways- chewing with open mouth mores- murder

What does an interviewer seek when asking a respondent for their life history?

a chronological account of the respondent's life

conflict theory

a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of groups that are competing for scarce resources

In recent years, sociologists who study deviance have learned that they can measure the quantities of narcotics consumed by a community by testing its sewage before treatment. What part of the research process would the sociologists be carrying out when they visit the sewage treatment plant to test its sewage?

collecting data

The Yale sociologist Kai Erikson wrote a book called Wayward Puritans, in which he drew on court records from colonial Massachusetts. He learned that the rate of out-of-wedlock births was much higher than it is now and that the amount of alcohol consumed per capita was higher as well. What research methodology was Erikson using?

comparative-historical research

Which of the following terms is used to describe a group with values and norms that oppose the dominant culture?

counterculture

Clashes over values in the United States, especially as represented by liberals and conservatives in the mass media, have been termed

culture wars.

According to Émile Durkheim, what is the basis for the bonds created through organic solidarity in industrialized societies?

difference, interdependence, and individual rights

what are the 4 types of questions

empirical questions- answer with data aesthetic questions moral questions- its an opinion interpreted - what does it mean

The research method most closely related to the scientific method is

experimental research.

An advantage of surveys as a research method is that they allow respondents to speak in their own words and thereby accurately reflect their social reality.

false

________ is the sociological term for signs people make with their bodies.

gestures

Which of the following theories focuses on how our behaviors are dependent on the ways we interpret, make sense of, and define ourselves, others, and social situations

symbolic interactionism

Many people in the United States express disgust at the idea of people snacking on grasshoppers and crickets despite the fact that people do so in places such as Thailand. This suggests that, in the United States, eating insects is a

taboo.

A team of sociologists is commissioned to study the effects of lighting levels and amount of time for breaks on workers' productivity in an office setting. Before the study begins, office workers are told why the researchers are there. When the team analyzes their data, they find that no matter what they do, productivity levels go up while they are physically present. When the team is not physically present, productivity levels return to normal. What is the likely explanation for these findings?

the Hawthorne effect

A researcher must identify a target population before engaging in sampling. What is the target population?

the larger group of people about whom they wish to generalize

If a researcher has obtained informed consent from all of their participants, it means that

the participants understand the nature of the research and are participating freely.

What is sociology?

the systematic study of human society

.What is the general sociological perspective?

the view that our social backgrounds influence our attitudes, behavior, and life chances 1. Seeing the general in the particular 2. seeing the strange in the familiar

Gestures are a specific type of sign that is made with the body.

true

What is the difference between material and nonmaterial culture

Material culture consists of objects or belongings to a group of people. non-material culture- consists of ideas and attitudes

Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior from ________ to ________

large-scale institutions; individual interactions

Museum curators have recently experienced problems with the preservation of plastic objects, almost all of which disintegrate over time. The Smithsonian collection contains the first-ever plastic toothbrush, which one day will be nothing more than a pile of plastic particles. This problem is leading many historians to worry that we will lose the history of our

material culture

A ________ is a kind of norm so deeply ingrained in that the very thought of violating it evokes feelings of disgust or horror.

taboos

Every four years, when it is time to elect a new president, we pay much attention to surveys, which we usually call "polls." Political pollsters typically ask approximately 1,000 people, of the 300 million people in the United States, who they plan to vote for. They use that information to predict how the election will turn out. Who is the sample for a presidential poll?

the 1,000 people asked whom they will vote for

Norms develop out of a culture's value system.

true

Some "facts" that sociologists once believed to be unambiguously true are now treated as opinions, biases, or speculation.

true

What are the rights of all research participants?

voluntary participation, informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality, potential for harm, and results communication.