Soc Exam 2

Elisa graduated from college with a double major and was inducted into the Phi Beta Kappa society. She was then offered a job in New York where she worked 12 hours a day and produced excellent results. Within two years she had over 100 employees working under her. Elisa's hard work was rewarded with a raise and a bonus. This form of promotion is based on the principles of:

A meritocracy

Accusing people of DWE (driving while elderly) is considered a type of:

Ageism

From a functionalist perspective, which of the following is a function of social media?

All of the above

What is the basic idea behind disengagement theory?

As people age, people generally withdraw from all forms of society.

In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage?

Birth of the first child

When thinking about gender, Jeff sees men as the dominant social group and women the subordinate group. This exploitation of the subordinate group has created social problems, such as high rates of poverty among single mothers. Which sociological perspective best fit Jeff's views?

Conflict theory

Hope is desperate for the new designer purse that she saw while window shopping at her local mall. She knew every girl in school would covet her bag and wish to be like her. When she walked in, she whipped out her credit card, and bought the 5,000 dollar purse. This kind of purchasing is called:

Conspicuous consumption

Caleb attended a private high school, which gave each student access to a personal laptop and iPhone. Ted attended a poorly funded public school, which had few computers and outdated technology. When Caleb gets to college, he's more prepared than Ted for course work which includes the computer and online material. This occurrence is an example of:

Digital divide

In 2008 the United States, as well as the rest of the world, felt the effects of the recession. After the collapse of the housing market, people lost their jobs and they quit spending money. Many people could not afford their mortgages anymore and their homes went into foreclosure. For these people, it was a time of __________.

Downward mobility

It was time for Oli to marry. He had finished school and was starting a job. His parents chose a bride for him whose parents had the same amount of wealth and belonged to the same class as they did. Oli and his bride will have a(n) _________ marriage.

Endogamous

What is the first agent of socialization?

Family

If you consider the university of Virginias national marriage project what can be concluded from their study

Finances are an important foundation for a successful marriage

Passing on one's heritage, possessions, and wealth is:

Generally based on lineage, which is defined by one's culture and family.

When elderly people are considered elders and leaders of a group of people, they are functioning under a(n):

Gerontocracy

What is a negative risk of media globalization?

Governments censoring information for their benefit.

Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as:

Homogenization

Charlotte was born to a lower class family in rural Pennsylvania. After taking a job in the mail room of a large corporate office, Charlotte is slowly promoted through the ranks and becomes CEO of the company by age 50. What type of stratification is shown in this story?

Intragenerational mobility

Which of the following is NOT an example of a stereotype?

Isaiah cooking his girlfriend a meat-free dinner because she is a vegetarian.

Whose work to conflict-theorists rely on to help form their arguments surrounding social stratification?

Karl Marx

When Maria married John, she moved to John's house which was adjacent to his parent's house. Her mother-in-law was always over giving Maria advice on everything from decorating to icing cakes. Maria lives in a....

Matrilocal residence*

Some conflict theorists ascribe to the idea that as time and technology move forward, elderly people are left behind and they lose social standing and power. Which specific theory does this describe?

Modernization theory

According to the social construction of race school of thought, race is:

Not biologically identifiable

The term discrimination is defined in the text as:

Prejudiced action against a group of people.

Peggy accepts a job offer as an advertising copywriter. Her boss immediately assigns her campaigns for products such as makeup and cleaning products. Peggy asks for different clients, but her boss tells her she should stick to what she and "her kind" know best. Peggy is experiencing :

Sexism

Jenny is given a doll for 2nd birthday, while her brother, Tyrone, is given a fire truck. This is an example of gender:

Socialization

Tasha believes that gender is about the division of labor in the family. In the pre-industrial era, men were the hunter-gatherers and bread-winners, and women were keepers of the home. After World War II, changes in the family structure allowed women to become breadwinners also, altering the roles of the family. From what sociological perspective do Tasha's thoughts come?

Structural functionalism

In 1973, the American Psychological Association (APA) declassified homosexuality as an abnormal or deviant disorder. Which sociological perspective would be most interested in the statement the (APA) made to society?

Symbolic Interactionism

Max believes that most people's racial beliefs are based on images conveyed in popular media since many people never meet members of certain races for themselves. Max's perspective is:

Symbolic interactionist

Elizabeth Kübler-Ross's book On Death and Dying added much content knowledge to which field?

Thanatology

What is the most significant threat to the relatively high standards of living in the United States?

The decline of the middle class

Which three states allow some form of physician-assisted suicide?

Washington State, Oregon, and Montana

Symbolic interactionists have come to the conclusion that:

most people only socialize with people in their same social class.

Sociologists have adopted the phrase, "the graying of the United States." What does this phrase mean?

The greatest part of the population is reaching the age of 65 and entering old age.

The term technological diffusion is defined as:

The spread of technology across boarders.

The term media globalization can be defined as:

The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas

Which factors do sociologists suspect were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960's?

There was an increase in women working, and also greater acceptance of divorce.

True or false: A person's sex, as determined by his or her biology, does not always correspond with his or her gender.

True

In the United States, which race would be considered the dominant group?

White

When Alexander, who is white, drives his car over the speed limit, a police officer lets him off with a warning. When Christopher, who is Hispanic, drives his car at the same speed as Alexander on the same road, the officer gives him a ticket, even though his record is clean. This is an example of:

White privilege

Supercentenarians are people who are _______ and older.

110

According to Erik Erikson's theory on aging, what is the final hurdle that most people who reach old age must overcome?

Despair

After the Floppy disk was introduced, zip driver were invented shortly after, followed by flash drives. This is an example of:

Evolutionary model of technological change

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's executive order 9066, which authorized the establishment of internment camps for anyone with as little as one-eighth Japanese ancestry following Pearl Harbor, is an example of:

Expulsion

Why do sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to group the mores and norms of a culture?

Families provide for each other and teach

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex refers to physical or physiological differences between males and females, while gender is the extent to which one identifies as being either masculine or feminine.*

What is one of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV)?

The victims of IPV do not report the abuse

Polygyny is:

More than one wife.

Mohit spent his days combing through garbage in Mumbai, India with his brothers and sisters. Sometimes he would find food, or something to sell for money. He never tried to overcome his lower-class status because he had seen his friends try and fail. So, he accepted his fate, and tried to live life as best he could in a closed society. Mohit is an example of someone living under a:

A caste system

Which theorist would be most interested in who controls the media and the ways in which the common race and class minimizes the media presence of the lower classes and other races?

A conflict theorist

Which of the following is NOT a product of gender stereotyping?

A father buying a basketball hoop for his daughter's eighth birthday.

The Davis-Moore thesis states:

The more society values a particular profession, the more the people in that profession will make.

What is a dependency ratio?

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to number of productive age groups between 15-64*

The term segregation is defined in the text as:

The physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions.

The term assimilation is defined by the text as:

The process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture.

Family is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology it is important to remember that?

sociologists try to keep definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

E-readiness can be defined as:

the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge

The term sexual orientation can be defined as:

A person's emotional and sexual attraction to a particular sex

What is the relationship, if any, between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who wait to live together after they marry?

Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly higher divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.

Tyson visits China over spring break, and after getting online to write home to her parents, she realizes some of her favorite media sites are blocked by the Chineses government. She becomes concerned with how technolology reinforces inequalities among communities, both within and among countries. Which social on the perspectives best fits Tyson's concer?

Conflict

Angela believes that race relations in America are poor because the white ruling class has enacted various laws and regulations to keep other racial groups from achieving equality. With which sociological perspective does Angela's view best align?

Conflict theory