Soc Quizzes Test 1

A theory that understands culture as a reflection of male domination is the a. feminist approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. sociobiology approach

a

According to Erving Goffman, people usually make efforts to ___ their intentions a. idealize b. reveal c. hide d. contradict

a

George Herbert Mead considered the self to be a. part of an individual's personality that is composed of self-awareness and self-image b. the presence of culture within the individual c. basic drives that are self-centered d. present in infants at the time of birth

a

In general, an important foundation of humor is a. incongruity-differences in meaning b. differences in social standing c. gender differences d. differences in culture

a

In the US today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following a. white males b. African American males c. white females d. African American females

a

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the a. id b. ego c. superego d. generalized other

a

The Harlow experiments to discover the effects of social isolation or rhesus monkeys showed that a. monkeys isolated for 6 months were highly fearful when they were returned to their group b. isolated monkeys able to cling to terry cloth, artificial mothers developed normally c. even several days of social isolation permanently damaged infant monkeys d. all are true

a

What concept refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture a. socialization b. personality c. human nature d. behaviorism

a

What does the term "presentation of self" mean a. efforts to create impression in the minds of others b. being very self-conscious c. interaction that is highly formal d. trying to take attention away from others

a

What research method was used in Philip Zimbardo's study, the "Stanford County Prison"? a. an experiment b. survey c. participant observation d. secondary analysis

a

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society" a. sociology b. psychology c. economics d. history

a

Which theoretical approach was used by the early sociologist Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. no theoretical approach was used

a

a criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it a. ignores the influence of factors such as culture, class, gender, and race b. says little about how individuals actually experience society c. calls attention to major social institutions d. paints a very positive picture of society

a

among all forms of life, humans stand out as the only species that a. replies on culture to ensure survival b. has patterned ways of living c. has biological instincts d. makes use of tools

a

the US is the msot ____ of all countries a. multicultural b. culturally uniform c. slowly changing d. nonmaterial

a

the concept "sociology" was coined in 1838 by a. auguste compte b. adam smith c. herbert spencer d. karl marx

a

what term refers to the arithmetic average of a series of numbers a. mean b. mode c. median d. correlation

a

which theoretical approach states that the stability of the US society rests on core values shared by most people a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. sociobiology approach

a

According to Erving Goffman, we engage in a ___ when we use costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures to convey info to others a. role b. performance c. status d. self

b

According to Mead, social experience involves a. understanding the world in terms of our senses b. the exchange of symbols c. a mix of biological instinct and learning d. acting but not thinking

b

Applying Freud's thinking to sociological analysis of personality development, you would conclude that a. human behavior is basically random b. humans have basic, self-centered drives that must be controlled by learning the ways of society c. societies encourage people to become self-centered d. humans can never become cultural creatures

b

In Freud's model of personality, which element of the personality represents a person's effect to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure seeking drives a. id b. ego c. superego d. generalized other

b

In Freud's model of personality, which element of the personality represents a person's effect to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure-seeking drives a. id b. ego c. superego d. generalized other

b

In terms of dramaturgical analysis, another term for helping a person to "save face" or avoid embarrassment, is a. role exit b. tact c. idealization d. creating personal space

b

The careful observer can notice clues indicating that someone is telling a lie. People give off these clues because a. our culture defines specific gestures to convey dishonesty b. nonverbal communication is hard for most people to control c. few people ever intend to lie d. research shows that most criminals really want to be caught

b

The study of social interaction in terms of theatricalperformance is referred to as a. ethnomethodology b. dramaturgical analysis c. the Thomas theorem d. the social construction of reality

b

The theoretical approach that highlights the link between culture and social inequality is the a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. sociobiology approach

b

The tragic case of Anna, the isolated girl who studied by Kingsley Davis, shows that a. humans have most of the same instincts found in other animal species b. without social experience, a child isn't able to act of communicate in a meaningful way c. personality is present in humans at birth d. early socialization isn't critical to personality development

b

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"? a. psychology b. sociology c. history d. economics

b

Which of the following statement might be made by sociologist using the gender-conflict approach a. men and women share in the joys of family life b. in many ways, men are in positions of power over women c. gender functions in an important way to keep society operating d. all of the above

b

___ are rules about everyday, casual living; ___ are rules with great moral significance a. mores; folkways b. folkways; mores c. proscriptive norms; prescriptive norms d. prescriptive norms; proscriptive norms

b

a small number of people that are used to represent a much larger population is called a a. target group b. sample c. closed-format group d. sampling frame

b

looking at humor from a conflict viewpoint, jokes a. tend to bring people together b. can be a way of making one category of people feel good at the expense of another c. are a good way of reducing conflict in society d. all of these

b

looking at the operation of US schools, the social-conflict approach might lead a sociologist to conclude that a. the meaning of schooling varies from child to child b. tracking provides some students with far better schooling than others c. schools have been major path to social advancement d. the function of schools is to teach needed skills

b

the term 'Homo sapiens' the name of our species, comes from Latin meaning a. person of culture b. intelligent person c. one who walks upright d. person who evolves

b

what is the term for the value that occurs most in a series of numbers a. mean b. mode c. median d. standard deviation

b

which concept is used to designate the process by which people creatively shape reality as they interact a. status interaction b. social construction of reality c. interactive reality d. role reality

b

which of the following statements is based on a symbolic-interaction analysis of sports a. "stacking" is a type of racial inequality in sports b. each player understands the game a little differently c. sports help develop important cultural values d. some categories of people benefit more from sports than others

b

which theoretical approach is linked to the philosophy doctrine of materialism a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. sociobiology approach

b

According to Emile Durkheim, people with a higher suicide rate typically have a. more clinical depression b. less money, power, and other resources c. lower social integration d. greater self-esteem

c

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is a. to help integrate a troubled patient into the outside world b. to give a person greater choices about how to live c. to radically alter a person's personality or behavior d. to encourage lifelong learning in a supervised context

c

In Freud's model of personality, what represents the presence of culture within the individual a. id b. ego c. superego d. thanatos

c

In Freud's model of personality, which represents of culture within the individual a. id b. ego c. superego d. thantos

c

Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was a. to foster support for a national's government b. to understand how society really operates c. to bring about greater social justice d. to compare US society to others

c

Lois Benjamin's investigation of racism may be criticized because a. her sample included as many white people as African Americans b. she conducted her interviews over the telephone c. her sample may be representative of all African Americans d. people can't respond to questions they find painful

c

Marxist analysis of US culture suggests that our competitive and individual values reflect a. the values of the "founding fathers" b. trends in Western European history c. this nation's capitalist economy d. this nation's family system

c

Mead placed the origin of self on a. biological drives b. genetics c. social experience d. the functioning of the brain

c

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the a. superego b. ego c. id d. me

c

The idea of "getting" a joke, according to the text, depends on a. knowing the joke teller well b. having a different social bacground than the joke teller c. understanding the two realities involved and appreciating their difference d. understanding exactly why someone is telling a joke

c

Using the structural-functional approach, which of the following questions might you ask about marriage? a. how can we help people find more happiness in their marriages b. what do people think marriage means c. what are the consequences of marriage for the operation of society d. how does marriage benefit men and women in different ways

c

Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis a. George Herbert Mead b. Harold Garfinkel c. Erving Goffman d. W. I. Thomas

c

by "taking the role of the other" Mead had in mind a. imagining a situation in terms of past experience b. recognizing that people have different views of most situations c. imagining a situation from another person's POV d. trading self-centeredness for focus on helping other people

c

cultural transmission refers to the process of a. cultural patterns moving from one society to another b. using the oral tradition c. passing cultural patterns from one generation to another d. using writing to enshrine cultural patterns

c

ethnocentrism refers to a. people taking pride in their ethnicity b. claiming that another culture is better than your own c. judging another culture using the standards of your own culture d. understanding another culture using its own standards and values

c

examine the following series of numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. what is the median value a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c

flirting is a playful way of seeing if someone is interested in you without risking outright rejection. from this pov, flirting illustrates a. the Thomas theorem b. the process of role exit c. the social construction of reality d. all of these

c

imagine that you were going to measure the age of a number of respondents taking part in a survey. as you record your data, you're using the concept "age" as a. a theory b. a hypothesis c. a variable d. an axiom

c

sociologists use the term "empirical evidence" to refer to a. info that is based on a society's traditions b. info that squares with common sense c. info we can verify with our senses d. info that most agree is true

c

the chapter's opening story of the diversity initiative at Charles Schwab & Co. shows us that a. various minorities respond to the same advertising in exactly the same way b. Asian American immigrants prefer English to their native language when they are doing business c. learning more about cultural diversity can help a company boost sales d. all of these are correct

c

the distinction between high culture and popular culture is based mostly on a. how advanced the cultural pattern is b. how long the cultural pattern has existed c. the social standing of the people who display the cultural pattern d. all of these are correct

c

what is the term for the ways of thinking, ways of acting, and material objects that together form a people's way of life? a. social structure b. social system c. culture d. society

c

Karl Marx used the term ___ to refers to the owners of industrial wealth during the stage that follows feudalism

capitalist

Karl Marx used the term ___ to refers to the owners of industrial wealth during the stage that follows feudalism

capitalists

Karl Marx, speaking for the social-conflict approach, argued that the point of studying society was a. to understand how society really operates b. to compare US society to others c. to foster support for a nation's government d. to bring about greater social justice

d

What term does the text use for the process by which people disengage from important social roles a. role rejection b. role reversal c. role loss d. role exit

d

Which of the following BEST describes the focus of the structural-functional approach? a. patterns of social inequality b. the meaning people attach to their behavior c. ways in which each person differs from all others d. the consequences of social patterns for the operation of society

d

Which of the following is a criticism of the structural-functional approach a. not concerned with society's dysfunctions b. doesn't focus on social stability and unity c. doesn't focus on the consequences of patterns for society as a whole d. not critical of inequalities based on social class, race, ethnicity, and gender

d

Which of the following phrases was used by Erving Goffman to refer to being embarrassed in a social situation a. "breaking" a role b. "idealizing" a performance c. "exiting" a role d. "losing face"

d

Which theoretical approach gives an evolutionary explanation of why the sexual "double standard" is found around the world a. structural-functional approach b. social-conflict approach c. symbolic-interaction approach d. sociobioloby approach

d

cultural universals are elements of culture that a. have always been part of US culture b. have diffused from the US to other countries c. have come to the US from elsewhere d. are part of every known culture

d

looking at humor from a functional viewpoint, jokes a. are often used to safely express potentially disruptive sentiments b. are often used to relieve tension in an uncomfortable situation c. can be used as a form of tact, stating, "hey, it was only a joke!" d. all of these

d

the sociologist who called on his colleagues to be "value free" in the conduct of their research was a. Karl Marx b. Emile Durkheim c. Herbert Spencer d. Max Weber

d

the theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the a. social-conflict approach b. symbolic-interaction approach c. tradition-based approach d. structural-functional approach

d

when interacting with people of an unfamiliar background, a. telling jokes is a good way to "break the ice" b. we find people everywhere enjoy many of the same jokes c. we find that some cultures don't have humor d. what is funny to people in one society may not be funny to those from another society

d

which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items on a questionnaire or an interview a. secondary research b. participant observation c. an experiment d. a survey

d

Even years of social isolation during infancy in humans doesn't cause permanent and irreversible developmental damage (T or F)

f

In Freud's model of personality, the superego manages the opposing forces of the id and the ego (T or F)

f

according to Karl Marx the economic stage before capitalism was called

feudalism

According to Karl Marx the technical term for the industrial working class was the ___

proletariat

according to Karl Marx the technical term for the industrial working class was the

proletariat