SOC150 Exam 3 Race

Asians have been applauded for their smooth assimilation and are referred to as:

A. the model minority

About 35 percent of Muslims worldwide were born in:

America

During the mid-twentieth century in the United States, many blacks moved north to escape Jim Crow laws in the rural South. This resulted in:

Competition for housing and employment in the North, resulting in violent clashes between whites and blacks

_____ is the global term for any neurological disorder in which the primary symptoms involve a deterioration of mental functioning.

Dementia

Which is Erik Erikson's stages takes place in middle age?

Generativity vs. Stagnation

Which of the following statements is true?

Hearing decline typically starts with a loss at high frequencies

The black ghetto was manufactured by whites through a set of deliberate, conscious practices. Which of the following is NOT one of the practices mentioned in your book?

High homeowner association dues

Which of the following shifted more of the responsibility of running welfare programs onto individual states and mandated time limits for the number of months a person can receive aid?

PRWORA

While the types of events that occur in middle adulthood are not as standard as the developmental landmarks for infancy, there are certain things that typically characterize this stage of life. Which of the following is not usually one of those events?

Reaching one's peak physical strength

Marco is completely unconcerned with productivity, is fairly self-centered, doesn't involve himself with others, and is not actively trying to improve himself at all. According to Erikson, what stage may he be in?

Stagnation

In one study of television portrayals of Arabs, researchers found basic myths that continue to surround this group. What is not one of these myths

They don't assimilate

Perceptual speed shows considerable decline in late adulthood and is strongly linked with declines in _____.

Working memory

Samuel is a white Christian minister in 1830. Like most of his contemporaries, he believes in the biblical "curse of Ham." This means that when Samuel sees an African American, he sees:

a descendent of Ham

Eugenics literally means:

a. "well-born"

Compared with 11 percent of the U.S. population as a whole, around 33 percent of Native Americans die before age:

a. 45

Reverend Samuel Stanhope Smith proposed that dark skin should be thought of as different levels of suntan or:

a. a universal freckle.

Some Muslims have been in North America since the seventeenth century, when they were transported from:

a. africa as slaves

Which term refers to a pseudoscience of genetic lines and the inheritable traits they pass on from generation to generation?

a. eugenics

The concept of race:

a. has changed over time

An 1851 excerpt from Harper's Weekly magazine describes a certain racial group as lawbreaking, idle, thriftless, poor, and barbarian. What group is this excerpt describing?

a. irish

Mexicans are generally classified as a physical type that combines Native American and European traits and referred to as:

a. mestizos

Clifford Geertz used what term to describe the fact that ethnic ties remained even after people assimilated?

a. primordialism

Which term refers to a group of people who share a set of physical characteristics and a bloodline?

a. race

Muslims have recently (since 9/11) undergone a new racial identity, from being formally unnoticed as a group to being singled out for more discrimination. This is known as:

a. racialization

Who was one of the first sociologists to point out the importance of culture in determining race?

a. robert park

The legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity is referred to as:

a. segregation

The Supreme Court's landmark 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education struck down what doctrine?

a. separate but equal

European Christians and scientists interpreted the curse that Noah put on his son Ham to mean that Ham:

a. was the original black man.

Because the German Nazis could not find a reliable marker to identify Jews, the Jews were forced to:

a. wear a yellow star of David

The differences between race and ethnicity underscore the privileged positions of ____________ in America, who have the freedom to pick and choose their identities and freely show their ethnic backgrounds.

a. whites

"Majority minority" states, where whites are not the majority of the population, are:

already here; about four US states

America's first naturalization law, passed in 1790, granted citizenship to:

b . free white people

The one-drop rule asserts that just "one drop" of black blood makes:

b. a person black

When the term race comes up in America today, we usually think in two colors:

b. black and white

Which minority group has the highest percentage of males in prison?

b. blacks

In 1907, the United States barred immigration from what country, because its people were seen as a threat to the American-born labor force?

b. china

The General Social Survey asked respondents why, on average, African Americans have worse jobs, income, and housing than white people. Nearly half of the respondents believed that blacks

b. don't have the motivation to pull themselves out of poverty.

In ancient Egypt, physical markers were linked to:

b. geography

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

b. has important social influence.

Afro-Caribbeans such as Cubans, Haitians, and Jamaicans resent being unilaterally categorized as African American, because these immigrant groups:

b. have a unique culture and language.

the black ghetto was manufactured by whites through a set of deliberate, conscious practices. Which of the following is NOT one of the practices mentioned in your book?

b. high homeowner association dues

Ethnocentrism classified nonwhites as abnormal and inferior to help justify:

b. impearlism

Johann Caspar Lavater suggested that outside appearances were connected to inner virtues. He tended to value:

b. light skin over darker skin.

Which group believed that different races were distinct species?

b. polygensits

Nativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would:

b. protect the nation

Which term refers to the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits?

b. racism

Social Darwinism was the evolutionary notion of:

b. survival of the fittest

The majority of Latinos in the United States have immigrated here within the last ____________ years.

c. 40

Most Arabs in the United States are not Muslim but ____________, and about 20 percent of U.S. Muslims are ____________.

c. Christian; African American

Which act formalized the exclusive definition of whiteness by imposing immigration restrictions based on a national origins quota system that limited the yearly number of immigrants from each country?

c. Immigration Act of 1924

During the mid-twentieth century in the United States, many blacks moved north to escape Jim Crow laws in the rural South. This resulted in:

c. competition for housing and employment in the North, resulting in violent clashes between whites and blacks.

Hippocrates believed that physical markers such as skin color were the result of:

c. different environmental factors.

Prejudice is to discrimination as thinking is to:

c. doing

What allows one to identify with a nationality without the rights and duties of a citizen?

c. ethnicity

Japanese internment camps resulted in:

c. greater wealth for white Americans.

Miscegenation refers to:

c. interracial marriage.

The majority of the Latinos in the United States come from:

c. mexico

Which group believed that humans were one species, united under God?

c. monogensits

In the nineteenth century, theories of race moved from religious-based racism to:

c. scientific racism

Sheniqua is an African American girl. When she is at school, she speaks standard English. When she is at home, she speaks African American English. Her words, tone, and body language change in each setting. Sociologists call this:

code switching

What term refers to the more overt form of resistance through a movement such as revolution or genocide through nonviolent protest?

collective resistance

During the mid-twentieth century in the United States, many blacks moved north to escape the Jim Crow laws in the rural south. This resulted in

competition for housing and employment in the North, resulting in violent clashes between whites and blacks

Due to both birthrate and the increased tendency among whites to embrace their Native roots, the Native American population is likely to:

continue increasing

Dr. McLean has designed a study to test the cognitive skills of people in their 30s, 50s, and 70s, where data is collected over the course of a day through a series of tests. What type of research approach is Dr. McLean using?

cross-sectional

Race is not a fixed biological or natural reality; rather, it is:

d. a social construction

African Americans often turn to ____________ when they are attempting to be accepted by the dominant group. This means acting differently with the dominant group

d. code switching

Which group, led by Sir Francis Galton, believed that negative traits such as criminality were passed through bloodlines and could be bred out?

d. eugenicists

Which term refers to the mass killing of a particular population?

d. genocide

A society is pluralistic if no one ethnic group is statistically:

d. in the majority

Thoughts and feelings (usually negative) about an ethnic or racial group are referred to as:

d. prejudice

Muslims in America have undergone what scholars refer to as the formation of a new racial identity in which new ideological boundaries of difference are drawn around a formerly unnoticed group of people, known as:

d. racialization

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson upheld:

d. segregation

Robert Park's model explains the universally progressive pattern in which immigrants arrive, settle in, and achieve full assimilation in a newly homogeneous country. His model is called:

d. straight-line assimilation.

Although race has no deterministic, biological basis, it still:

has important social influence

A society is pluralistic if no distinct ethnic group is statistically:

in the majority

Sharon is a 30-year-old stay-at-home mother to a toddler. Life-span developmentalists would consider her to be:

in the second age of prime adulthood in the developmental period of early adulthood

The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental theory is:

integrity versus despair.

Jessica spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed. She is adjusting to decreasing strength and health, and she has made several lifestyle changes as a result. Jessica is most likely in the _____ period of development.

late adulthood

The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ____________ than people commonly believe

less

Katie-Lou is 88 years old. Katie would most likely be characterized as:

oldest-old.

Reverend Samuel Stanhope Smith's proposal that skin color should be viewed as a product of climate and therefore not correlated to inner virtues (e.g., intelligence, character, personality) suggests that he felt:

people were all the same

DNA testing is generally seen as a benefit to justice, because it allows for more precise identification of criminals. Sociologists see that forensic genetics also has a tendency to reproduce existing inequalities, because:

people who have committed prior crimes

According to the Seattle Longitudinal Study, which of the following abilities showed signs of early decline?

perceptual speed

When Shelly, a white American, sees a Middle Eastern man, she worries that he may be a terrorist. She would never say this and would never take action on these thoughts, but nonetheless, they come into her mind. Despite her commitment to fair treatment, she is harboring:

prejudice

Nativists believed that restricting the immigration of certain groups would

protect the nation

When Blumenbach declared Caucasians the superlative of the races, he was following a popular line of thought that, in today's view, mistakenly assumed that:

skull size and shape indicated human worth.

The genetic variation that corresponds with geographic origins is much ________ than people commonly believe.

smaller

Gordon is a graduate student wanting to develop a projection model for understanding race in the future. He consults with sociologist Jennifer Lee, and she recommends that he study:

the "black/nonblack" divide

According to Nell Irvin Painter, author of The History of White People, white people:

typically just see themselves as "individuals."

During European colonialism, ethnocentrism classified whites as normal, and nonwhites as abnormal and inferior, to help justify:

unequal treatment and conquest

The concept of _____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.

use it or lose it

According to Peggy McIntosh (1988), which of the following statements about "being white" is most accurate? If you are white,

you don't have to think much about your racial identity.