SOCI 101 Final

Another fairly commonly diagnosed mental disorder is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which statistics suggest will affect ________ on a lifetime basis. a. 11 percent of children and 8 percent of adults b. 10 percent of children and 9 percent of adults c. 12 percent of children and 10 percent of adults d. 14 percent of children and 10 percent of adults

a. 11 percent of children and 8 percent of adults

______________ states the problem in a clear, easily understood way a. diagnostic framing b. prognostic framing c. motivational framing d. frame transformation

a. diagnostic framing

Universal access refers to people's _________ to participate in an education system. a. equal ability b. responsibility c. desire d. restrictions

a. equal ability

The most important guiding concept in the overall improvement and excellence in Finnish schools is a. equity b. financial resources c. student busing d. parent involvement

a. equity

Social scientists today maintain that when it comes to "race," it a. is not biologically identifiable and racial categories have been arbitrarily assigned b. can be scientifically categorized by skin color c. is more important as a scientific category than class d. can be scientifically categorized by facial features and bone structure

a. is not biologically identifiiable and racial categories have been arbitrarily assigned

________ describes the processes that increase the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies resulting in the move from an undeveloped society to developed, technologically driven society. a. modernization b. planned obsolescence c. fragmentation d. homogenization

a. modernization

The US Census divides _______ into employment-based insurance and direct-purchase insurance a. private insurance b. public insurance c. combination insurance d. over-insured

a. private insurance

According to the ________ theory, there are two rights of a sick person and two obligations. The sick person's rights are: being exempt from normal social roles, and not being responsible for their condition. Conversely, the sick person's obligations include trying to get well and cooperating with the medical professionals. a. sick role b. stigmatization of illness c. accessorization of illness c. medicalization of illness

a. sick role

The BLM movement grew into a national network of chapters and joined forces with other, more organized groups, creating a ____________ of more than 150 organizations across the US that represent the interests of black communities a. social movement sector b. social movement organization c. bureaucratic institution d. coalescing institution

a. social movement sector

____________ are purposeful, organized groups that strive to work toward a common social goal a. social movements b. collective action c. casual crowd d. conventional crowds

a. social movements

A ______________ might be based on an interest that just affects one area of the US a. state level social movement b. local social movements c. global level social movement d. national level social movement

a. state level social movement

Erving Goffman suggests we might view illness as a ________- that can push others to view the ill in an undesirable manner. This often. has the greatest effect on the patient and the kind of care he or she receives. a. stigma b. sick role c. mental illness d. culture

a. stigma

New issues of inequality have entered the national conversation in recent years with the issue of ________, which attempts to give equal opportunity to minority students through offering instruction in languages other than English. a. credentialism b. bilingual education c. institutional embodiment d. teaching to the test

b. bilingual education

In the lifecycle of social movements, which stage involves people joining together and organizing in order to publicize an issue and raise awareness? a. institutionalization b. coalescence c. preliminary d. decline

b. coalescence

Research indicates that the average life expectancy for white males was approximately _________ years longer than for black males a. four b. five c. six d. ten

b. five

As human populations move into more vulnerable areas, we see an increase in the number of people affected by a. technology b. natural disasters c. labor shortages d. infertility

b. natural disasters

_____________ seek to change something specific about the social structure. a. alternative movements b. reformative movements c. revolutionary movements d. redemptive movements

b. reformative movements

______________ is a way to explain movement success in terms of the ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals a. framing theory b. resource mobilization theory c. prognostic framing theory d. new social movement perspective

b. resource mobilization theory

_________________ seek to completely change every aspect of society. Examples include the Civil Rights Movement or political movements, such as a push for communism a. reformative movements b. revolutionary movements c. alternative movements d. redemptive movements

b. revolutionary movements

According to functionalism, in addition to preparing students to function in society, another role of schools is that of a. arranging carpool obligations b. sorting, or classifying students based on academic merit or potential c. providing a counselor and a nurse on school grounds d. encouraging extracurricular activities

b. sorting, or classifying students based on academic merit or potential

In today's world, some degree of education is necessary for people in most countries. Due to population growth and ______ in the next 30 years, more people will receive formal education than in any prior period of human history. a. illiteracy throughout the globe b. the proliferation of compulsory education c. increasing urbanization in the southern hemisphere d. economic growth due to globalization

b. the proliferation of compulsory education

Some diseases like cancer, are ___________ across all countries. a. restricted to countries with sedentary lifestyles b. universal c. countries with reduced life expectancy d. are much more common in high-income countries

b. universal

THE US prides itself on being the land of the "free",

but it is rather restrictive when it comes to its citizens' general attitudes about sex compared to other industrialized nations

According to the American Psychological Assoc, there is no scientific consensus why a person holds a heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual orientation. Research has been conducted to study the possible genetic, hormonal, developmental, social, and cultural influences on sexual orientation,

but there has been no evidence that links sexual orientation to one factor

One of the biggest contributors to medical issues in low-income countries is the lack of a. processed food b. a sedentary lifestyle c. access to clean water and basic sanitation resources d. fast food restaurants

c. access to clean water and basic sanitation resources

___________ are those that are questioned or questionable by some medical professionals a. detested illness b. congested illness c. contested illness d. demedicalized

c. contested illness

Social movements have a life cycle, they ___________. All social movements go through this cycle. a. grow from local levels, to national levels, to global levels b. redeem, reform, and revolutionize c. emerge, grow, and in some cases, die out d. succeed, fail, then go mainstream

c. emerge, grow, and in some cases, die out

Health in the US is a complex and often contradictory issue. As one of the wealthiest nations, the US _____________ in health comparisons with the rest of the world, yet it does not provide equal care to all a. lags behind b. averages the same c. fares well d. is poor

c. fares well

______________ also contend that school, particularly in recent years, is taking over teaching some of the things that were traditionally undertaken by family. a. Social conflict theorists b. symbolic interaction theorists c. functionalists d. feminist theorists

c. functionalists

The second most common mental disorders in the US are a. anxiety disorders b. personality disorders c. mood disorders d. developmental disorders

c. mood disorders

________ is an issue identified by sociologists which involves passing students to the next grade regardless of their meeting standards for that grade. Proponents question what a school is to do with a student who is three to four years older than other students in his or her grade, saying this creates more issues than the practice itself. a. credentialism b. affirmative action c. social promotion d. early graduation

c. social promotion

_________________ is a driving force behind globalization, while the other forces of social change play comparatively minor roles. a. biology b. sociology c. technology d. dependency theory

c. technology

______________ is a phrase used in pop culture to describe a lifestyle that does not necessarily include marriage a. "rejection of marriage" b. "simply stay single" c. "decided not to marry" d. "single by choice"

d. "single by choice"

Name the group whose ancestors did not come here by choice a. Japanese Americans b. Irish Americans c. Native Americans d. African Americans

d. African Americans

Geographically, the Arab region comprises the Middle East and parts of Northern Africa (MENA). People whose ancestry lies in that area or who speak primarily Arabic may consider themselves a. Muslims b. Christians c. Sunni d. Arabs

d. Arabs

Which of these terms describes the process by which a minority individual or group abandons its own identity to take on the characteristics of the dominant culture, perhaps by absorbing immigrants from different lands? a. Pluralism b. Segregation c. Amalgamation d. Assimilation

d. Assimilation

The first Asian immigrants to come to the US in the mid-nineteenth century were a. Japanese b. Korean c. Vietnamese d. Chinese

d. Chinese

_______________ is a set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy which outline what a student should know and be able to do at the end of each grade a. Coleman Report b. No Child Left Behind c. specialized learning d. Common Core

d. Common Core

Historically the most recent large-scale Asian immigration has come from _________ and __________ a. Japan; China b. China; Korea c. Vietnam; Japan d. Korea; Vietnam

d. Korea; Vietnam

Whether they are legal or illegal immigrants, because they have high population numbers, ________ are often the target of stereotyping, racism, and discrimination as well as being singled out for documentation checks by police officers. Simply not having appropriate documentation then, becomes a crime in states like Arizona. a. Cuban Americans b. Puerto Ricans c. Guatemalan Americans d. Mexican Americans

d. Mexican Americans

________ form the largest Hispanic subgroup in the U.S. and also the oldest. Their immigration to the U.S. began in the early 1900s in response to the need for cheap agricultural labor. As workers, they would stay for a few years and then go back home with more money than they could have made in their country of origin. a. Cuban Americans b. Puerto Ricans c. Guatemalan Americans d. Mexican Americans

d. Mexican Americans

A precedent for universal access to education in the United States was set with the 1972 U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia's decision in ________, brought on the behalf of seven school-age children with special needs who argued that the school board was denying their access to free public education. a. Brown vs BOE b. Abington School District vs Schempp c. US vs Lopez d. Mills vs BOE of DC

d. Mills vs BOE of DC

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 is sometimes called ________ for its most noted advocate, and represents large-scale federal reform of the United States' healthcare system. a. Patient Protection Care b. Public Protection Care c. Presidential Coverage d. Obamacare

d. Obamacare

Of the three primary forms of collective behavior, ______________ is a large group of people in close proximity a. a mass b. a public c. a flash mob d. a crowd

d. a crowd

Research suggests that while government officials may still be debating about the content of sexual education in public schools, the majority of US adults are not. __________ of the respondents feel giving teens info about sex and how to obtain and use protection will not encourage them to have sexual relations earlier than they would under an abstinence program. a. a minority b. a few c. about half d. a majority

d. a majority

Research indicates that many perpetrators of intimate partners violence blame _____________ for their abuse a. unemployment b. major depression c. society d. alcohol and drugs

d. alcohol and drugs

________ are focused on self-improvement and limited, specific changes to individual beliefs and behavior. a. redemptive movements b. reformative movements c. revolutionary movements d. alternative movements

d. alternative movements

Stereotypes a. are usually new and inventive social categories b. consist of actions against a group of people c. are mostly true, particularly at an individual level d. are recycled from subordinate groups that have assimilated into society

d. are recycled from subordinate groups that have assimilated into society

__________________ focuses on collective action rather than collective behavior, addressing the processes associated with crowd behavior and the life cycle and various categories of gatherings. a. value added theory b. emergent norm theory c. convergence cluster d. assembling perspective

d. assembling perspective

Obama's 2008 presidential campaign used social media to engage volunteers who had typically not bothered with politics and empowered those who were more active to generate even more activity. This demonstrates how helpful social media can be during the ________ stage of social movements. a. preliminary b. institutionalization c. decline d. coalescence

d. coalescence

A ___________ describes those living together before on in lieu of marriage, which is a growing option for many couples a. nuclear family b. extended family c. blended family d. cohabiting family

d. cohabiting family

The belief that one skin tone is superior to another skin tone within a racial group is known as a. white privilege b. racial steering c. racism d. colorism

d. colorism

To _____________, schools play the role of training working-class students to accept and retain their position as lower members of society a. structural functional theorists b. symbolic interaction theorists c. feminist theorists d. conflict theorists

d. conflict theorists

________________ believe that alongside the health disparities created by class inequalities, there are a number of health disparities created by racism, sexism, ageism, and heterosexism a. structural functional theorists b. symbolic interactionist theorists c. medical sociologists d. conflict theorists

d. conflict theorists

_____________ is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage a. hooking up b. cohabitation c. bundling d. courtship

d. courtship

_____________ is defined as the cultural knowledge that serves as currency that helps us navigate culture and alters our experiences and the opportunities available to us a. manifest functions b. functionalism c. other awareness d. cultural capital

d. cultural capital

___________ refers to the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture a. culture of discrimination b. cultural of ethnicity c. cultural of racism d. culture of prejudice

d. culture of prejudice

_____________ is a significant social problem in the US. It is often characterized as violence between household or family members, specifically spouses. a. intimate partner violence b. social violence c. criminal violence d. domestic violence

d. domestic violence

________________ in its broadest, most general sense is a means through which the aims and habits of a group of people is passed from one generation to the next. a. socialization b. orientation c. society d. education

d. education

The ______________ may include grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins living in the same home a. nuclear family b. cohabiting family c. blended family d. extended family

d. extended family

The women's movement is also referred to as a. women's politics b. gender neutrality movement c. sexism d. feminism

d. feminism

___________ point to evidence that sexism in education continues to prevent women from achieving a full measure of social equality a. structural functional theorists b. symbolic interaction theorists c. conflict theorists d. feminist theorists

d. feminist theorists

______________ demonstrate that like many other institutions of society, educational systems are characterized by unequal treatment and opportunity for women. a. structural functional theorists b. symbolic interaction theorists c. conflict theorists d. feminist theorists

d. feminist theorists

The _____________ of the women's movement took place during the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on the legal issue of women's right to vote. a. second wave b. third wave c. fourth wave d. first wave

d. first wave

Some of the most common occupations in the US are almost completely segregated by a. culture b. equality c. sexual orientation d. gender

d. gender

What term do sociologists use to refer to a person's deeply held internal perception of his or her attitudes of masculine and feminine, based on social and cultural differences? a. sex b. stereotypes c. sexual orientation d. gender

d. gender

The _____________ can be thought of by looking at the difference in median earnings for men and women a. equal pay initiative b. employment gap c. gender pay equivalent d. gender pay gap

d. gender pay gap

Even in levels as low as kindergarten, schools subtly convey messages to girls indicating that they are less intelligent or less important than boys. For example, in a study of teacher responses to male and female students, data indicated that teachers praised male students far more than female students. This is an example of a. situationalism b. gender consideration c. pedagogical methodology d. gender socialization

d. gender socialization

Which of the following involves the deliberate, targeted annihilation of a subordinate group? a. pluralism b. segregation c. expulsion d. genocide

d. genocide

Opponents of ____________ counter that homeschooled children miss out on the opportunity for social development that occurs in standard classroom environments and school settings a. No Child Left Behind b. charter schools c. public schools d. homeschooling

d. homeschooling

________________ is a process that accepts and encourages casual sexual encounters, including one-night stands and other related activity, which focuses on physical pleasure without necessarily including emotional bonding or long-term commitment a. courtship b. cohabitation c. bundling d. hooking up

d. hooking up

Research indicates that most nonfatal intimate partner violence (IPV) occurs a. at a neighbor's home b. at a friend's home c. in a public place d. inside of the home

d. inside of the home

An example of ____________ is the way that women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with certain kinds of mental disorders a. medicalization b. deviation c. demedicalization d. institutionalized sexism

d. institutionalized sexism

Which approach within feminist theory examines the overlapping identities a person has and how their tapestry of experiences affect their overall sense of identity? a. gender role theory b. standpoint theory c. matriarchy theory d. intersectional theory

d. intersectional theory

Social scientists today maintain that when it comes to "race," it a. can be scientifically categorized by skin color b. more important as a scientific category than is class c. can be scientifically categorized by facial features and bone structure d. is not biologically identifiable and racial categories have been arbitrarily assigned

d. is not biologically identifiable and racial categories have been arbitrarily assigned

When considering one's ________, most people in the US look to ancestors on both their father's and mother's sides. a. residence b. differentiation c. unilateral descent d. lineage

d. lineage

Women work ___________than men. a. more paid hours b. fewer unpaid hours c. about the same unpaid hours d. more unpaid hours

d. more unpaid hours

Successful social movements use three kinds of frames to further their goals- diagnostic, prognostic, and _______________ a. extension b. amplification c. transformation d. motivational

d. motivational

The most common form of child abuse is a. physical abuse b. sexual abuse c. emotional abuse d. neglect

d. neglect

_________________ encompasses all interactive forms of information change. These include social networking sites, blogs, podcasts, wikis, and virtual worlds a. The Internet b. iCloud c. net neutrality d. new media

d. new media

Accurate statistics on intimate partner violence are difficult to determine because a. third parties do not report abuse to police b. the majority of assailants are likely to admit to abuse c. abuse is considered a public matter d. nonfatal intimate partner violence often goes unreported

d. nonfatal intimate partner violence often goes unreported

Cultural capital has three forms; ____________ refers to the material objects we use to indicate social class. a. embodied state b. institutionalized state c. knowledge state d. objectified state

d. objectified state

Single-parent households are a. on the decline b. relatively stable c. declining, after a sharp increase d. on the rise

d. on the rise

In ___________ societies, men's contributions are seen as more valuable than those of women. Such perspectives and arrangements are widespread and taken for granted. a. labor-intensive b. privatized c. hunter-gatherer d. patriarchal

d. patriarchal

In a ______________ residence system it is customary for the wife to live with, or near, her husband's blood relatives a. matrilocal b. bilateral c. ambilineal d. patrilocal

d. patrilocal

In the DSM-IV, ________ represent "an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it." In other words,________ cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them. a. mood disorders b. anxiety disorders c. developmental disorders d. personality disorders

d. personality disorders

A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of ___________. a. structural conduciveness b. mobilization for action c. structural strain d. precipitating factors

d. precipitating factors

__________ refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a group, while __________ refers to actions against a group of people. a. colorism; white privilege b. racial steering; colorism c. white privilege; stereotypes d. prejudice; discrimination

d. prejudice; discrimination

______________ refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes someone holds about a group while _________ refers to actions against a group of people a. racial steering; colorism b. white privilege; stereotypes c. colorism; white privilege d. prejudice; discrimination

d. prejudice; discrimination

______________ is a socially defined category based on physical differences between different groups of people a. ethnicity b. social construct c. prejudice d. race

d. race

___________ is a process used by real estate agents to direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race a. colorism b. prejudice c. racism d. racial steering

d. racial steering

_____________ are "meaning seeking," and their goal is to provoke inner change or spiritual growth in individuals a. reformative movements b. alternative movements c. revolutionary movements d. redemptive movements

d. redemptive movements

__________ is viewed as a person's capacity for sexual feelings a. gender b. culture c. sexism d. sexuality

d. sexuality

Mimicking the actions of __________is the first step in the development of a separate sense of self, and children become agents who actively facilitate and apply normative gender expectations to those around them. a. stereotypes b. cross-cultural examples c. mass media d. significant others

d. significant others

_______________ highlight the role of power in family life and contends that the family is often not a haven but rather an arena where power struggles can occur. a. structural functionalist theorists b. symbolic interactionist theorists c. instrumental and expressive theorists d. social conflict theorists

d. social conflict theorists

________________ indicate that in the US, a disproportionate number of racial minorities have less economic power, so they bear a great deal of the burden of poor health. a. structural functional theorists b. symbolic interactionist theorists c. medical sociolgists d. social conflict theorists

d. social conflict theorists

One critique of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is that it will create a system of ____________ medicine, a term for many people in the US that has negative connotations lingering from the Cold War era and earlier. a. universal b. collectivisit c. demedicalization d. socialized

d. socialized

Almost any characteristic can be generalized based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation or other categories. When we generalize about people and separately categorize them, we are creating a a. colorism b. privilege c. prejudice d. stereotype

d. stereotype

People with disabilities can be __________- by their illnesses. a. medicalized b. socialized c. identified d. stigmatized

d. stigmatized

________________ hold the belief that families are an important social institution and that they play a key role in stabilizing society a. social conflict theorists b. symbolic interactionist theorists c. instrumental and expressive theorists d. structural functionalist theorists

d. structural functionalist theorists

The term __________ can be used interchangeably with the term minority, while the term ___________ is often substituted for the group that's in the majority a. majority group; minority group b. ethnic group; racial group c. prejudiced; racist d. subordinate group; dominant group

d. subordinate group; dominant group

______________ suggest that labeling has a direct correlation to those who are in power and those who are labeled a. feminist theorists b. social conflict theorists c. functionalists d. symbolic interaction theorists

d. symbolic interaction theorists

Schools face an issue of _________, in that most high school teachers perceive students as being prepared for college, while most college professors do not see those same students as prepared for the rigors of collegiate study a. credentialism b. hidden curriculum c. student awareness d. teacher effectiveness

d. teacher effectiveness

The major factors that affect education systems are ___________ that are utilized to support those systems in different nations a. the books b. school houses and desks c. government agencies d. the resources and money

d. the resources and money

Generally considered to have begun during the early 1990s, the ________ of the women's movement refers to a still wider and more diverse level of feminist debate broadening their goals to focus on abolishing gender role expectations and stereotypes, media portrayals, and language used to define women, as well as queer theory, a. first wave b. second wave c. fourth wave d. third wave

d. third wave

According to census data, the majority of children under age 18 live in a household with a. a single mother b. a single father c. no parent present d. two parents

d. two parents

The phrase "boys will be boys" is often used to justify behavior such as pushing, shoving, or other forms of aggression from young boy.s The phrase implies that such behavior is a. a learned behavior b. an erroneous behavior c. unacceptable and undisciplined d. unchangeable and natural

d. unchangeable and natural

The eradication of Native American culture continued until the 1960s, when Native Americans a. were focused on "civilizing" Native American children and assimilating them into white society b. were further subjugated and prevented from gaining power c. weren't able to change anything d. were able to participate in and benefit from the civil rights movement

d. were able to participate in and benefit from the civil rights movement

U.S. slavery continued for 150 years. Black Africans were kidnapped from their own lands and shipped to the New World on the trans-Atlantic journey called the Middle Passage. Slave codes declared that the child of a slave was a slave________. a. until the slave owners in the US voluntarily began to free their slaves b. until the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin c. until they were adults d. which created the slave class in the US

d. which created the slave class in the US

According to the text, an important change in the new DSM-5 is that

the term gender dysphoria removes some stigma by taking the word "disorder" out of the approach

A person's sex, as determined by their biology, does not always correspond with their gender. Therefore,

the terms sex and gender are not interchangeable

A societal privilege that benefits people who are white in a way that goes beyond what is commonly experienced by non-white individuals under the same societal, political, or economic circumstances is known as ________.

white privilege