SOCI 1101 Introduction to Sociology Midterm

Which of the following is the primary component of the evolutionary model of technological change? a) Technology should not be subject to patenting. b) Technology and the media evolve together. c) Technology can be traced back to the early stages of human society. d) A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.

A breakthrough in one form of technology leads to a number of variations, and technological developments.

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate group for democratic leadership? a) A fire station b) A college classroom c) A high school prom committee d) A homeless shelter

A fire station

The term panoptic surveillance is defined in the text as: a) A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly b) A network of neighborhood spies who go through local mailboxes and listen in on phone lines c) When people are too overwhelmed with media input to really care about the issue, so their involvement becomes defined by awareness instead of by action about the issue at hand d) An online invasion of spyware which track when controversial political beliefs are being expressed

A form of constant monitoring in which the observation posts are decentralized and the observed is never communicated with directly

A cultural universal is: a) The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. b) A written document outlining appropriate behavior. c) A pattern or trait common to all societies. d) An object or a belonging of a group.

A pattern or trait common to all societies.

The concept anomie can be defined as: a) A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness. b) How strongly a person is connected to his or her social group. c) When one or more of an individual's roles clash. d) A person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests.

A situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness.

The term interpretive framework can be defined as: a) An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. b) A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. c) A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results. d) Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing.

A nation's flag is: a) A symbol b) A value c) A culture d) A folkway

A symbol

The term language can be defined as: a) Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values. b) Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. c) A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. d) The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus.

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted.

A hypothesis can be defined as: a) An attempt to explain large-scale relationships b) A testable proposition c) A way to explain different aspects of social interactions d) Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

A testable proposition

Which of the following is NOT one of Marx's four types of alienation? a) Alienation from others b) Alienation from one's religion c) Alienation from one's self d) Alienation from the product of one's labor

Alienation of one's religion

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a) A religious belief b) A law c) A custom d) All of the above are social facts

All of the above are social facts

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. a) A cultural universal b) A discovery c) An innovation d) A culture lag

An innovation

Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as: a) The product of class struggle, requiring social revolutions to correct rampant class inequality b) Split between two classes categorized by education, kinship, and religion c) An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy d) An even playing field composed of the educated and uneducated

An organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy

Sumaira is scared that she will not find a job in the current economy. She decides to be a business major and attend one of the top business schools in the country. Upon graduation, she is hired by a major investment banking firm in New York. Sumaira has completed: a) Anticipatory socialization. b) A degradation ceremony. c) Developing her sense of self. d) Developing her sense of morality.

Anticipatory socialization

Which of the following is NOT an example of new media? a) Barnes and Noble b) Facebook c) Twitter d) The Kindle

Barnes and Noble

Why do people join utilitarian organizations? Question 27 options: a) Because they feel an affinity with others there b) Because they receive a tangible benefit from joining c) Because they have no choice d) Because they feel pressured to do so

Because they receive a tangible benefit from joining

Which statement provides the best operational definition of "childhood obesity"? a) Children who eat unhealthy foods and spend too much time watching television and playing video games b) A distressing trend that can lead to health issues including type 2 diabetes and heart disease c) Body weight at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height d) The tendency of children today to weigh more than children of earlier generations

Body weight at least 20% higher than a healthy weight for a child of that height

Whose study described the differences in the way that boys and girls view morality? a) Carol Gilligan b) Erik Erikson c) Lawrence Kholberg d) Sigmund Freud

Carol Gilligan

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stonewall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. a) Data analysis b) Case study c) Experiment d) Overview

Case study

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as "dawn of civilization" because: a) Animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival. b) Societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful; groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles. c) Tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance. d) Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

Cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities.

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: a) Symbolic interactionism b) Conflict theory c) Structural functionalism d) Capitalism

Conflict theory

The "American Dream"-the notion that anybody can be successful and rich if they work hard enough-is most commonly associated with which sociological theory? a) Sociobiology b) Functionalism c) Conflict theory d) Ethnocentrism

Conflict theory

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? a) Criticism b) Antipositivism c) Symbolic interactionism d) Constructivism

Constructivism

Which of the following was a topic of study in early sociology? a) Astrology b) Economics c) Physics d) History

Economics

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on personal merit? a) Herbert Spencer b) Emile Durkheim c) Karl Marx d) Max Weber

Emile Durkheim

Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) a) Ethnography b) Case study c) Experiment d) Secondary data analysis

Ethnography

What method did researchers John Mihelich and John Papineau use to study Parrotheads? a) Survey b) Experiment c) Ethnography d) Case study

Ethnography

After the floppy disk was introduced, zip drives were invented shortly after, followed quickly by flash drives. This is an example of: a) Stolen technology b) Digital divide c) Design patent d) Evolutionary model of technological change

Evolutionary model of technological change

What theoretical perspective views society as having a system of interdependent inherently connected parts? a) Sociobiology b) Functionalism c) Conflict theory d) Ethnocentrism

Functionalism

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. a) Methodically predict situational outcomes b) Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms c) Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions d) Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent

Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Who coined the phrase symbolic interactionism? Question 11 options: a) Herbert Blumer b) Max Weber c) Lester F. Ward d) W.I. Thomas

Herbert Blumer

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a) Hepcats and Hipsters b) Beatniks, Hepcats, Hipsters, and Hippies c) Beatniks and Hepcats d) Hipsters and Hippies

Hipsters and Hippies

Last week, a major politician was caught in a political scandal. The story was featured on the front page of the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, CNN.com, and was the lead story on NBC, ABC, and CBS nightly news. This is referred to as: a) Homogenization b) Telecommunication c) Fragmentation d) Illiteration

Homogenization

Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents? a) Industrial b) Hunter-gatherer c) Horticultural d) Feudal

Horticulture

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. a) How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure. b) The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. c) The theory that man evolved slowly over time. d) A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams.

How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure

Erik Erikson's theory explains: a) How human sexual desire is linked to the development of a personality. b) How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life. c) When human moral development begins in an individual. d) Why Rhesus Monkeys preferred terry cloth maternal stand-ins versus the maternal stand-ins that provided food.

How the actions of society help shape personalities throughout the eight basic stages of life.

What does a Functionalist consider when studying a phenomenon like the Occupy Wall Street movement? a) The minute functions that every person at the protests plays in the whole b) The internal conflicts that play out within such a diverse and leaderless group c) How the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension d) The factions and divisions that form within the movement

How the movement contributes to the stability of society by offering the discontented a safe, controlled outlet for dissension

An instrumental leader: a) Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks. b) Promotes emotional strength and health, ensuring that people feel supported. c) Refers to the main focus or goal of the leader. d) Rejects gender roles in the name of the feminist movement.

Is goal-oriented and largely concerned with accomplishing set tasks.

Émile Durkheim's much lauded study of suicide is important to the field of sociology in many ways. One of the most influential impacts was: a) It allowed psychology and sociology to merge into one field. b) It earned Émile Durkheim the title "Father of Sociology" so that other sociologists would have a role model. c) It showed the psychological reasons for suicide to be a lie. d) It defined the differences between sociology and psychology

It defined the differences between sociology and psychology

What is the importance of interpretive framework? a) It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. b) It eliminates the need for a literature review. c) It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. d) It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world

Which founder of sociology believed societies changed due to class struggle? a) Emile Comte b) Karl Marx c) Plato d) Herbert Spencer

Karl Marx

The ________ can be directly attributed to the digital divide, because differential ability to access the internet leads directly to a differential ability to use the knowledge found on the internet. a) digital divide b) knowledge gap c) feminist perspective d) e-gap

Knowledge gap

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? a) Crossing streets on cross-walks b) Making eye contact while speaking c) Paying taxes d) Driving on the right hand side of the road

Making eye contact while speaking

Which person or organization defined the concept of value neutrality? a) Institutional Review Board (IRB) b) Peter Rossi c) American Sociological Association (ASA) d) Max Weber

Max Weber

It is parent-teacher conference day at Littleton Elementary School. Jimmy's teacher is anxious to meet his parents and discuss his habit of disrupting the class. When the teacher expresses her concern that Jimmy is not being socialized properly, his dad insists that he was the same way at Jimmy's age and that disrupting the class is natural for the children in his family. Jimmy's teacher and father are arguing about which fundamental sociological theory? a) Nature vs. Nurture b) George Herbert Mead's theory of self-development c) Freud's theory of self-development d) Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development

Nature vs. Nurture

What research method did John S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd mainly use in their Middletown study? a) Secondary data b) Survey c) Participant observation d) Experiment

Participant observation

Which research technique would most likely be used by a symbolic interactionist? a) Surveys b) Participant observation c) Quantitative data analysis d) None of the above

Participant observation

Charles Cooley's concept of the looking-glass self hypothesizes that: a) The media encourages society to base their appearances on visible public figures. b) Personal identity isn't influenced by outside social forces. c) Self-esteem is directly correlated with body image. d) People base their images on how they think other people see them.

People base their images on how they think other people see them.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bureaucracy: a) Explicit rules b) Clear division of labor c) Impersonality d) Personality-based promotion

Personality-based promotion

Which research approach is best suited to the scientific method? a) Questionnaire b) Case study c) Ethnography d) Secondary data analysis

Questionnaire

What is a group whose values, norms, and beliefs come to serve as a standard for one's own behavior? a) Secondary group b) Formal organization c) Reference group d) Primary group

Reference group

The notion that people cannot feel or experience something that they do not have a word for can be explained by: a) linguistics b) Sapir-Whorf c) Ethnographic imagery d) bilingualism

Sapir-Whorf

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a) Tertiary data b) Primary data c) Interactive data d) Secondary data

Secondary data

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, and reads scholarly journals on the topic. What kind of research method is Alexis using? a) Ethnography b) Experiments c) Surveys d) Secondary data analysis

Secondary data analysis

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. a) Formal sanction b) Xenocentricism c) Social control d) Ethnocentricity

Social control

Joseph and Paula are excited to welcome their child into the world. They cannot wait to pass on all their knowledge, insight, and rich culture. Just as their parents gave them guidance and showed them how to live, Joseph and Paula will continue the chain by handing down their societal values and thus, sustain the society they love so much. Which sociological paradigm does this story fit? a) Structural Functionalism b) Feminist Theory c) Conflict d) Symbolic Interactionism

Structural Functionalism

The Occupy Wall Street movement of 2011 grew to be an international movement. Supporters believe that the economic disparity between the highest economic class and the mid to lower economic classes is growing at an exponentially alarming rate. A sociologist who studies that movement by examining the interactions between members at Occupy camps would most likely use what theoretical approach? a) Symbolic interactionism b) Functionalism c) Conflict theory d) Ethnocentrism

Symbolic interactionism

Which of these theories is most likely to look at the social world on a micro level? a) Structural functionalism b) Conflict theory c) Positivism d) Symbolic interactionism

Symbolic interactionism

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protestors, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. a) Conflict theorist b) Feminist conflict theorist c) Symbolic interactionist d) Structural functionalist

Symbolic interactionist

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society? a) The Deswan people, who live in small tribes and base their economy on the production and trade of textiles b) The Rositian Clan, a small community of farmers who have lived on their family's land for centuries c) The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses d) The Amaganda, an extended family of warriors who serve a single noble family

The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses

Which of the following is not a risk of media globalization? a) The creation of cultural and ideological biases b) The creation of local monopolies c) The risk of cultural imperialism d) The loss of local culture

The creation of local monopolies

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? a) The hippie movement of the 1960's b) The yuppie craze of the 1980's c) The disco invasion of the 1970's d) The Kardashian obsession of the 2010's

The hippie movement of the 1960's

Xenocentrism is: a) The opposite of cultural relativism b) The opposite of cultural universalism c) The same as cultural imperitivism d) The opposite of ethnocentrism

The opposite of ethnocentrism

Which of the following best describes sociology as a subject? a) The study of individual behavior b) The study of cultures c) The study of society and social interaction d) The study of economics

The study of society and social interaction

The term media globalization can be defined as: a) The governmental sanction allowing worldwide access to media education. b) The inability of geographically rural areas to access new media. c) The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas. d) The cross-cultural development and exchange of computer hardware.

The worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas.

Verstehen is defined by the text as: a) To understand in a deep way. b) To maintain a moral conscience. c) To compare and contrast social facts. d) To require proof of interpretation.

To understand in a deep way

Justin enrolls in a local community college so he can one day become an engineer. Justin is about to become a member of a: a) Utilitarian organization b) Voluntary organization c) Paparazzi organization d) Coercive organization

Utilitarian organization

Berger describes sociologists as concerned with: Question 16 options: a) monumental moments in people's lives b) common everyday life events c) both a and b d) of the above

both a and b (monumental moments in people's lives and common everyday life events)

The main difference between ethnography and other types of participant observation is: a) ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing b) ethnography subjects are unaware they're being studied c) ethnographic studies always involve minority ethnic groups d) there is no difference

ethnography isn't based on hypothesis testing

According to Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, society is based on ________. a) habitual actions b) status c) institutionalization d) role performance

habitual actions

Kenneth and Mamie Clark used sociological research to show that segregation was: a) beneficial b) harmful c) illegal d) of no importance

harmful

Seeing patterns means that a sociologist needs to be able to: a) compare the behavior of individuals from different societies b) compare one society to another c) identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure d) compare individuals to groups

identify similarities in how social groups respond to social pressure

C. Wright Mills once said that sociologists need to develop a sociological __________ to study how society affects individuals. a) culture b) imagination c) method d) tool

imagination

A sociologist defines society as a group of people who reside in a defined area, share a culture, and who: a) interact b) work in the same industry c) speak different languages d) practice a recognized religion

interact

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. a) latent; manifest b) manifest; latent c) manifest; manifest d) latent; latent

manifest; latent

The biggest difference between mores and folkways is that a) mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture b) mores are absolute, whereas folkways are temporary c) mores refer to material culture, whereas folkways refer to nonmaterial culture d) mores refer to nonmaterial culture, whereas folkways refer to material culture

mores are primarily linked to morality, whereas folkways are primarily linked to being commonplace within a culture

E-readiness can be defined as: a) the virtual experience offered by leading educational institutions. b) the electronic waste created by consumers. c) the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge. d) the application of science to solve problems in daily life.

the ability to sort through, interpret, and process digital knowledge.

When it comes to media and technology, a functionalist would focus on: a) the symbols created and reproduced by the media b) the association of technology and technological skill with men c) the way that various forms of media socialize users d) the digital divide between the technological haves and have-nots

the way that various forms of media socialize users

A symbolic interactionist may compare social interactions to: Question 12 options: a) behaviors b) conflicts c) human organs d) theatrical roles

theatrical roles

The difference between positivism and antipositivism relates to: a) whether individuals like or dislike their society b) whether research methods use statistical data or person-to-person research c) whether sociological studies can predict or improve society d) all of the above

whether sociological studies can predict or improve society