SOCI 1301 - Quizzes Ch. 13-21

Social epidemiologist

A _____________________________________ would be likely to study the high cancer rates surrounding a large manufacturing plant in New Mexico.

"The Sick Role"

A concept that describes the pattern of expectations that define appropriate behavior for the sick and for those who take care of them.

Head Start Program

A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.

Polygyny

A form of marriage in which one man is married to more than one woman at a time. (Almost always under the category of polygamy.)

Polyandry

A form of marriage in which one woman is married to more than one man at a time. (Far less common; happens in about 1% of the world's cultures.)

Marriage

A legally recognized social contract between two (or more) people in a sexual relationship who have an expectation of permanence about their relationship.

Extended family

A married couple, their children, and other relatives - such as grandparents, aunts, or uncles - living together in the same household constitute a(n)...?

Kinship

A person's traceable ancestry, which can be based on blood, marriage, and/or adoption.

Commodity

A physical object we find, grow, or make to meet our needs and those of others.

Hidden curriculum

A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.

Ambilineal descent

A type of unilateral descent that follows either the father's side only or the mother's side only, depending on the situation. (Ex: Southeast Asian cultures)

Patrilineal descent

A type of unilateral descent that follows the father's line only. (Ex: India and China)

Matrilineal descent

A type of unilateral descent that follows the mother's line only. (Ex: Native American societies like the Crow and Cherokee tribes)

Mercantilism

An economic policy based on national policies of accumulating silver and gold by controlling markets with colonies and other countries through taxes and custom changes.

Xenophobia

An illogical fear and even hatred of foreigners and foreign goods.

Sorting

Classifying students based on academic merit or potential.

Latent functions

Courtship; social networks; group work; creation of generation gap; political and social integration; agent of change (macro, when society wants to make a change [to schools]). These functions of education are...?

Universal healthcare

Dana lives in a country that guarantees healthcare for all of its citizens. Dana lives in a country that uses...?

Watching television shows

Doing this can be a good way to understand and study families because it teaches us how a family onscreen can represent the values of the era in which they aired.

Socialized medicine

Drake lives in Great Britain, where the British government owns and operates the country's healthcare system. This is an example of...?

Mechanical solidarity

Emile Durkheim described _________________________ as a form of social cohesion that comes from sharing similar work, education, and religion, as might be found in simpler societies.

Finances

If you consider the University of Virginia's National Marriage Project, you can conclude from their study that ________________ are an important foundation for a successful marriage.

Educational system

International differences in education systems; educational distribution within a nation; social factors. These details account for differences in the ____________________________________ from country to country.

Outsourcing

Keshawn used to work for an IT company in Baltimore, but he lost his job when his company decided to use workers in New Delhi, instead. This is an example of...?

Cultural capital

Malik grew up in an affluent household, which embraced activities such as attending the opera, visiting museums, and traveling to foreign countries at least once a year. When Malik goes to college, he finds he has much to talk about with professors and fellow students from similar backgrounds. Malik is enjoying the benefits of...?

George Murdock's theory

Marcy and her three children have been trying to scrape by ever since Marcy's husband was killed in an automobile accident. Based on this theory, Marcy would go back to work and rely on her parents for childcare. What is this theory called?

Intimate partner violence (IPV)

One of the biggest challenges facing groups and organizations that try to prevent ___________________________________ is that the victims do not report the abuse.

Unemployment statistics

One reason that ______________________________ are unreliable is that they include only those who are currently looking for work.

Education; career

One reason that sociologists cite to explain why men and women are delaying marriage until their mid-to-late twenties is that many young people place __________________ and ____________ higher than marriage on their list of priorities.

The United Nations' Eight Millennium Development Goals

Reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases. These goals are among what types of goals set in 2000?

Conflict theory

Shane believes that the commodification of health has created a large number of problems within the United States. From which sociological perspective does this come from?

Manifest functions

Socialization; transmission of culture; social control; social placement; cultural innovation. These functions of education are...?

Family

Socially recognized groups of individuals who are usually joined by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption and who form an emotional connection and an economic unit of society.

Mores; norms

Sociologists find the study of family to be so important when trying to grasp the ____________ and ____________ of a culture, because families provide for each other as well as carry out and teach a particular culture to other members of the family.

Increase; divorce

Sociologists suspect that these factors were the cause for such a high divorce rate during the 1960s: a(n) _________________ in women working outside of the home and also greater social acceptance of ______________.

54%; living with their grandparent(s)

The U.S. Census Bureau keeps records of different statistics that pertain to families. For example, in 2010, there were three million children who did not live with their parents. _____ of these children were...?

Public; private

The United States healthcare system consists of _________________ and _________________ insurance coverage.

Cohabitation

The act of a couple sharing a residence while not being married.

Monogamy

The act of being married to only one person at a time. (U.S.)

Bigamy

The act of entering into marriage while still married to another person.

Polarization

The job market is decreasing in the lowest economic levels and is increasing in the highest economic levels. This is an example of...?

Globalization

The process of integrating governments, cultures, and financial markets through international trade into a single world market.

NAFTA

The significance of ______________ is that it allowed freer trade opportunities for the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Polygamy

The state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time. (78% of cultures - majority; mostly existing in northern Africa and east Asia.)

Bilateral descent

The tracing of kinship through both parents' ancestral lines. (60% of societies - mostly modernized nations - follow this pattern.)

Unilateral descent

The tracing of kinship through one parent only. (Practiced in 40% of the world's societies - with high concentration in pastoral cultures.)

Higher

This is the relationship (if any) between people who cohabitate and then get married, and those people who want to live together after they marry: Cohabitating, unmarried partners have a slightly _____________ divorce rate after they get married than those who don't cohabitate until after marriage.

Marriage; families

To a conflict theorist, ________________ and _______________ are fascinating because within the family are social standing and power struggles.

Grade inflation

To make students more competitive in the work force and for graduate school, college professors are beginning to lower the standard for student grades (i.e. what was once considered a B is now considered an A). This is known as...?

Symbolic interactionist

Until 1973, homosexuality was considered a psychological disorder by the American Psychological Association. Which sociological perspective would be most concerned with why this was considered an illness and what effect that diagnosis had on society?

Bilingual education; busing; Head Start Program; No Child Left Behind Act; teaching to the test

What are the methods used within the United States to produce educational equality?

Racism; socioeconomic status

What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States?

Marriage Family; childless

What is Stage 1 of the family life cycle? How old are the children?

Procreation Family; 0 - 2.5 yrs old

What is Stage 2 of the family life cycle? How old are the children?

Preschooler Family; 2.5 - 6 yrs old

What is Stage 3 of the family life cycle? How old are the children?

School-age Family; 6 - 13 yrs old

What is Stage 4 of the family life cycle? How old are the children?

Teenage Family; 13 - 20 yrs old

What is Stage 5 of the family life cycle? How old are the children?

Launching Family; leave home

What is Stage 6 of the family life cycle? How old are the children?

Empty Nest Family; "empty nest"

What is Stage 7 of the family life cycle? How old are the children?

Dependency ratio

What is the term for "the comparison of working people to non-working people"?

Tracking

When Ahmed is in 5th grade, he does poorly in math and science. His teachers recommend him for lower-level classes throughout middle school in all subjects, and he's not given the chance to excel elsewhere. This process is known as...?

Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities?

Conflict theory

Which of the sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race, and ethnicity?

Functionalism

Which sociological perspective argues that sick people fill a societal role and are stigmatized by society if they spend longer in that role than is appropriate?

Family; open

______________ is a term that is difficult to define. When studying sociology, it is important to remember that sociologists try to keep the definition _________ to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.