SOCI 1510 Chapter 1 Quiz

According to Marx, an individual who makes money exclusively by selling their own labor must be a member of what social group? bureaucrats proletariat bourgeoisie capitalists

proletariat

Jane Addams was an early advocate of applied sociology. This meant in addition to doing research, she also reported illegal activities to the proper authorities. examined the historical origins of the phenomena she researched. addressed social problems through activity in the communities she researched. compared the communities she studied to communities from other cultures.

addressed social problems through activity in the communities she researched.

Although she made contributions to sociology, Jane Addams is perhaps best remembered for her embrace of praxis, which means that she was a pragmatist. acted on her intellectual convictions and applied theory to practical action in the hopes of improving society. applied dialectics to her understanding of history. embraced conflict theory.

acted on her intellectual convictions and applied theory to practical action in the hopes of improving society.

According to Robert Merton, manifest functions usually have something to do with social conflict and change. are intended and obvious. are designed to alleviate inequality. are designed to critique the social system that produced them.

are intended and obvious.

According to Émile Durkheim, what is the basis for the bonds created through organic solidarity in industrialized societies? religion and tradition shared experience and similar beliefs globalization, mass communications, and technology difference, interdependence, and individual rights

difference, interdependence, and individual rights

Of the following options, which was probably Harriet Martineau's most important contribution to the development of sociology as a discipline? her theory of alienation her translation of the work of Auguste Comte into English her work on an early theory of symbolic interactionism her struggle for women's rights

her translation of the work of Auguste Comte into English

Which early social theorist sought to bring the scientific method to the discipline of sociology? Harriet Martineau Émile Durkheim Auguste Comte Karl Marx

Auguste Comte

How was Harriet Martineau similar to W.E.B. Du Bois? Both made careers of studying race and racism. Both were from the American South. Both saw symbolic interactionism as the most promising aspect of social theory. Both were intrigued by America's democratic promise, but disappointed in its hypocritical injustices.

Both were intrigued by America's democratic promise, but disappointed in its hypocritical injustices.

Which of the following is a weakness of the sociological approach? It accepts many things as true that cannot be verified or confirmed. It attempts to grasp things that everyday actors understand implicitly. It is a practical approach rather than a scientific approach. It requires one to travel to experience culture shock.

It attempts to grasp things that everyday actors understand implicitly.

Why is it beneficial for everyone, even people who will never take a sociology class, to develop a sociological imagination? It will help create more jobs for sociologists. It can help people become aware of the connections between their own lives and the larger course of history. The sociological perspective is innately understood by nearly everyone, but we rarely acknowledge it. It will encourage growth in the field of microsociology.

It can help people become aware of the connections between their own lives and the larger course of history.

Critical race theory emerged out of legal scholarship in the 1970s and '80s. Why is this theory viewed as an offshoot of conflict theory? It is controversial and about conflict. It focuses on the division of labor in society. It is a focused on the imbalance of power related to race that is embedded in American institutions. It discusses the intended function of race within American institutions.

It is a focused on the imbalance of power related to race that is embedded in American institutions.

Everyday cultural practices such as greeting a friend, giving someone flowers, or using a thumbs-up seem like natural ways of acting. Why does having an awareness of how these practices vary across cultures demonstrate a healthy sociological imagination? It reminds us that everyday interactions are connected to larger societies and norms. It helps us economically when we do business in different countries. It lets us understand how immigrants perceive America when they move here. It shows us that cultures are not as different as we sometimes think they are.

It reminds us that everyday interactions are connected to larger societies and norms.

Which theorist stated that industrial capitalism is the primary tool for the oppression of the lower social classes? Max Weber Émile Durkheim August Comte Karl Marx

Karl Marx

Symbolic interactionism argues that people act toward others based on the meaning they assign to a situation. According to this perspective, how does meaning arise? Meaning is inherent in objects and actions. Meaning is learned through the study of philosophy and history. Meaning is negotiated through interaction with others. Meaning is learned through the study of science and nature.

Meaning is negotiated through interaction with others.

Macrosociology and microsociology approach the study of society from different perspectives. Which of the following statements explains how these two approaches are viewed within the discipline of sociology? Most sociologists are macrosociologists; microsociologists are a small minority. The two approaches are on a continuum, and sociologists can adopt the perspective more useful for a problem. Although the field is split relatively evenly between the two approaches, almost every sociologist feels strongly that their perspective is the correct one. Microsociology used to dominate the field, but more recently, macrosociology has become the dominant perspective.

The two approaches are on a continuum, and sociologists can adopt the perspective more useful for a problem.

Feminist theory is an offshoot of conflict theory. What do these two theories have in common? They both see the economy as central to the functioning of society. They both seek to not only understand inequality but also to remedy it. They both see gender as the most important aspect of social identity. They both developed at about the same time.

They both seek to not only understand inequality but also to remedy it.

Max Weber believed that modern industrialized societies were characterized by which of the following institutions? churches central governments bureaucracies prisons

bureaucracies

For change to happen in society in order to end oppression, Karl Marx believed that the lower classes must develop a critical theory of gender. a stronger sense of verstehen. class consciousness. false consciousness.

class consciousness.

Many Marxist sociologists assume that large-scale economic structures are the most important factors in shaping people's lives. This assumption is an example of microsociology. macrosociology. rationalization. symbolic interactionism.

macrosociology.

Karl Marx thought intellectuals should not just theorize about the social world but also attempt to improve it. What is the term he used to describe this idea? verstehen praxis rationalization bourgeoisie

praxis

In 2021, the richest 1 percent of the American population owned 32.1 percent of the country's wealth, and the bottom 50 percent of the population owned 2.5 percent. Karl Marx would call this alienation. bourgeoisie. social inequality. organic solidarity.

social inequality.

The divorce rate has steadily increased over time, and now more than a quarter of all marriages end within the first four years. What sort of factors would C. Wright Mills suggest investigating to explain this increase? religious personal structural psychological

structural

What sociological theory discusses how a stable system of structures contribute to the equilibrium of society as a whole? symbolic interactionism dramaturgy structural functionalism conflict theory

structural functionalism

Which theory about human interaction developed from the groundwork laid by Max Weber's discussion of verstehen (understanding), which emphasizes empathy with individual experiences? bureaucratic theory symbolic interactionism Weberian theory the iron cage

symbolic interactionism

Max Weber believed that society became increasingly rationalized as the Industrial Revolution progressed. How did he define rationalization? an increasing number of rules that limit personal freedom an increasing emphasis on verstehen, or the attempt to understand others' experiences the application of psychology to the economy to understand how to increase productivity the application of economic logic to all aspects of social life

the application of economic logic to all aspects of social life