Social Capital

CBOS and Social Capital

-Community residents need space to permit social interaction -CBOs can use public debate to encourage participation -CBOs can promote social capital by ensuring that they have a diverse leadership -Role for CBOs in the arts and cultural programs as a means for promoting social capital

Social ties and socio-economic status

-Poor have greater reliance on family and friends (social ties) for support -Limiting information and access to job opportunities and resources

Critiques of Social Capital

-increasing social capital among communities of interest -groups/individuals can have disproportionate influence over local policies and activities -social capital cannot address challenge larger structural forces working against poor communities

Social capital (norms)

-social relationships in a particular place -social structure (trust, norms, and social networks) that facilitate collective actions norms=behavior or way of doing something that is usual of expected

4 elements of sociocultural milieu

1) the feeling that the community is spatially distinct 2)the level of social interaction among residents 3) the degree in which residents work and socialize in the community 4)the degree to which residents use neighborhood facilities

4 elements of institutional infrastructure

1)presence and quality of neighborhood organizations 2)voting by residents 3) volunteer efforts 4)visibility of the neighborhood to city officials

Weak ties

acquaintances; can aid in finding jobs or housing

Community development and social capital

bring cultural, social and political capital together -legitimization of alternative -inclusive and diverse networks resource mobilization willingness to take risks for local projects of amenities communitys willingness to invest in itself begets outside investments

Bonding capital

bringing people together who already know each other with the goal of strengthening the relationship that already exist

Briding capital

brings together people or groups who did not previously know each other with the goal of establishing new social ties to provide new information, access additional social networks

Community development chain

capacity building CD process-->social capital (the ability to act)->CDoutcome- economic development process-economic development outcome

Why the decline is social capital?

increased time pressures residential mobility increase of woman in the labor force growth in welfare state growth in television change in generations

social capital is...

interactive, attribute of a community, is a group level phenomena, social relationship, social networks, asset It is the feature of social organization such as networks, norms and trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit

Strong ties

investments of time and energy; gain access to emotional support and in case of emergencies getting help

Social relationships and social capital

require investments in time and energy -trust -reciprocity--mutual exchange emotional support -advice, support, friendship instrumental support -material aid, services, information and new social contacts -transportation, lending money

What is social capital?

social capital is central to building other forms of community capital it impacts individuals level of well-being (health, happiness, education, children welfare)