Social Problems Chapters 10-12

The idea that heterosexuals will have more favorable attitudes toward gays and lesbians if they had prior contact with someone who is gay or lesbian is known as A contact hypothesis. B coming out. C internalized homophobia. D reparative therapy.

A contact hypothesis

In 2013, the world population was 2.6 billion. 4.0 billion. 7.2 billion. 9.1 billion

7.2 billion

______ refers to the ongoing process whereby a lesbian, gay, or bisexual individual becomes aware of his or her sexuality, accepts and incorporates it into his or her overall sense of self, and shares that information with others such as family, friends, and coworkers. A Coming out B Identity formation C Closeting D Dating

A Coming out

Which statement sums up the general trajectory of the world regarding treatment of gays and lesbians? A Countries throughout the world are moving toward increased legal protection of non-heterosexuals. B Countries are more repressive than ever regarding same-sex relationships. C No country punishes gays and lesbians. D. All countries have laws prohibiting same-sex marriage and relationships.

A Countries throughout the world are moving toward increased legal protection of non-heterosexuals

Research has found which of the following regarding attitudes toward homosexuality? A Heterosexual women and men hold similar attitudes toward lesbians. B Heterosexual women are more negative than heterosexual men toward gay men. C Heterosexual men are more negative than homosexual women toward lesbians. D Heterosexual women and men hold similar attitudes toward gay men.

A Heterosexual women and men hold similar attitudes toward lesbians

The Project has evolved into a major cyber-movement aimed at instilling messages of hope and support for LGBT youth. A It Gets Better B You are Not Alone C Free to Be D We are One

A It Gets Better

___________ invalidated state laws that criminalize sodomy. A The Supreme Court decision, Lawrence v. Texas B The Defense of Marriage Act C The Supreme Court decision, Bowers v. Hardwick D The Don't Ask Don't Tell policy

A The Supreme Court decision, Lawrence v. Texas

Which statement best characterizes the world's aging population trends? A The next 50 years will see a large increase in older people throughout the world. B The world's population will not age as quickly as the U.S. population will. C Although the world's population is old now, the aging of the world's population will end soon. D The share of the world's population that is older will decrease in the coming years

A The next 50 years will see a large increase in older people throughout the world

Sodomy laws explicitly prohibit which of the following? A anal and oral sex B sex between unmarried adults C sex between adults and children D sex between people of close biological kin

A anal and oral sex

In June 2003, a Supreme Court decision in Lawrence v. Texas invalidated state laws that A criminalize sodomy. B prohibit same-sex marriage. C prohibit same-sex couples from having or raising children. D prohibit gay or lesbian individuals from receiving pensions upon the death of their partners.

A criminalize sodomy.

The European Union's stand on LGBT rights is guided by all of the following principles EXCEPT A elimination of laws and policies that discriminate on the basis of LGBTI status. B promotion of equality and nondiscrimination at work, in health care, and in education. C protection of the religious right to discriminate based on sexuality. D support for those who defend human rights.

A elimination of laws and policies that discriminate on the basis of LGBTI status.

The most common reason for someone to switch from an antigay marriage stance to a progay marriage stance is A knowing someone who is a homosexual. B the legalization of samesex marriage in his or her state. C having family members who support gay rights. D having religious leaders who support gay rights

A knowing someone who is a homosexual.

A woman who prefers same-sex partners is a A lesbian. B queer. C transvestite. D cross-dresser.

A lesbian.

Former Congressman Barney Frank emphasized as the most important activity in the fight for gay rights. A political participation B gay pride celebrations C recognition of strong role models D the involvement of families

A political participation

Studies of police treatment of homosexuals have found A targeted and discriminatory enforcement of laws against LGBT people. B police mistreatment occurs occasionally but is not widespread. C all U.S. police departments provide training on hate crimes against homosexuals. D police victimization of homosexuals is a federal offense

A targeted and discriminatory enforcement of laws against LGBT people.

Proponents of same-sex marriage argue all of the following EXCEPT S Marriage is a social construction that comes in many forms across societies and throughout history. B Same-sex marriages would subvert the integrity of the family institution. C Banning same-sex marriage is a violation of civil rights. D Children in same-sex families would benefit from same-sex marriage.

B Same-sex marriages would subvert the integrity of the family institution

Internalized homophobia refers to A. society's view of heterosexuality as a master social status. B a sense of personal failure and self-hatred among homosexuals resulting from stigmatization. C the belief of heterosexuals that they are morally superior to homosexuals. D the belief espoused by Christian and Muslim religions that homosexuality is opposed to God's will.

B a sense of personal failure and self-hatred among homosexuals resulting from stigmatization

What percent of LGBT employees report that they are "out" to everyone at work? A less than 5% B about 25% C just over half D more than 90%

B about 25%

In 1996, Congress passed and President Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act. This act A recognizes legal unions between same-sex couples. B allows states to recognize or not recognize same-sex marriages performed in other states. C allows states to annul same-sex marriages performed in other states. D bans same-sex marriages.

B allows states to recognize or not recognize same-sex marriages

What changes has the Obama administration made with regard to the federal stance on same sex marriage? A strengthened DOMA B endorsed the Respect for Marriage Act C done nothing for fear of losing votes D made same-sex marriage officially illegal in the U.S

B endorsed the Respect for Marriage Act

According to conflict theorists, many business owners and corporate leaders support non-discrimination policies because they believe such policies would A prevent heterosexuals from purchasing their products or services. B help them maintain a competitive edge in recruiting and maintaining a productive workforce. C dilute the quality of their workers. D. create reverse discrimination against heterosexuals.

B help them maintain a competitive edge in recruiting and maintaining a productive workforce.

Homophobia refers to negative attitudes and emotions toward A transsexuals. B homosexuals. C heterosexuals. D polygamy.

B homosexuals

Safe Zone programs A provide counseling services to LGBT students in grades K-12 and to their parents and siblings. B identify college students, faculty, and staff who support LGBT students on their campuses. C offer an alternative high school campus for LGBT students. D help parents home school their LGBT children.

B identify college students, faculty, and staff who support LGBT students on their campuses.

A strong predictor of anti-LGB bias is A being a parent. B religion C being American. D being Hispanic

B religion

______ refers to the belief that there are innate psychological, behavioral, and/or intellectual differences between women and men and that these differences connote the superiority of one group and the inferiority of the other. A. Feminism B. Sexism C. Sex segregation D. Gender stratification

B sexism

At the time of the writing of this textbook, federal law protects individuals from discrimination in the workplace on the basis of all of the following EXCEPT A race. B sexual orientation. C religion. D age.

B sexual orientation

In 2013, the Supreme Court ruled that A the Don't Ask Don't Tell policy is not unconstitutional. B the part of DOMA that denies equal benefits and recognition to legally married samesex couples that married heterosexual spouses have is unconstitutional. C churches must marry samesex couples if it is legal in that state. D all states must allow samesex marriage.

B the part of DOMA that denies equal benefits and recognition to legally married samesex couples that married heterosexual spouses have is unconstitutional.

Many cases of intimate partner violence among LGBT couples are not reported to the police because A of laws prohibiting homosexuality. B they fear further victimization. C laws do not protect them. D they want to protect the image of the LGBT community.

B they fear further victimization

______ refers to the blending of traditionally defined masculine and feminine characteristics. A. Androgyny B. The boy code C. Gender dysphoria D. Intersexuality

A. Androgyny

All of the following companies have expressed support for LGBT rights EXCEPT A. Cracker Barrel Restaurants. B Levi Strauss. C Apple. D Johnson and Johnson

A. Cracker Barrel Restaurants

The biological classification of males and females reflect the concept of A. Sex B. gender C. gender stratification D. sexual orientation

A. Sex

____ argue that gender roles in the family and workforce change as the needs of society change. A. Structural-functionalists B. Conflict theorists C. Symbolic interactionists D. Postmodernists

A. Structural-functionalists

____ prohibits sex discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. A. Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments Act B. The 1965 Civil Rights Act C. The Equal Education Act of 1984 D. The Equal Rights Amendment of 1972

A. Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments Act

All of the following are true of gender and HIV/AIDS worldwide EXCEPT A. Women have higher rates of HIV/AIDS worldwide. B. In many countries, women lack power to refuse sex or negotiate protected sex. C. Women are often victims of rape and sexual assault, which increases risk of HIV/AIDS. D. Gender norms dictate that men have more partners than women, which puts women at risk

A. Women have higher rates of HIV/AIDS worldwide.

According to symbolic interactionists, gender assignment begins A. at birth. B. soon after a child learns to talk. C. when a child enters school. D. with marriage or entrance into the workforce.

A. at birth.

The refers to a set of societal expectations that discourages males from expressing emotion, weakness, or vulnerability, or asking for help. A. boy code B. sexual script C. gender understanding D. sexual norm

A. boy code

In general, females are more likely than males to suffer A. clinical depression. B. HIV/AIDS. C. suicide. D. motor vehicle accidents.

A. clinical depression.

Which of the following cultures DOES NOT have a socially acceptable position for third genders? A. contemp. American B. Native American C. Nepal D. India

A. contemporary American

Sociologists argue that women's jobs are undervalued, because they include a significant amount of A. emotion work. B. work that does not require much cognitive ability. C. repetitive work. D. manual labor.

A. emotion work

The increased proportion of women and girls who are poor is referred to as A. feminization of poverty. B. gendered unemployment. C. genderized poverty. D. sex-segregated economy.

A. feminization of poverty.

Which perspective argues that when income or occupation is inconsistent with traditional gender roles, individuals will engage in the traditional division of household labor? A. gender deviance hypothesis B. gender role ideology C. relative resources approach

A. gender deviance hypothesis

A study reported in your text examined differences between the favorite toys of 3-5 year old boys and girls found that girl toys were more likely to A. have limited learning potential. B. be designed to be stimulating and exciting. C. promote technology. D. All of these

A. have limited learning potential

Structural-functionalists argue that the traditional division of labor is no longer as functional today because of all of the following EXCEPT A. higher fertility rates. B. day care facilities. C. jobs are less physically demanding. D. jobs are less dangerous.

A. higher fertility rates

The term is commonly used to refer to negative or hostile attitudes directed toward same-sex sexual behavior. A. homophobia B sexualism C sexual segregation D heteroism

A. homophobia

Conflict theorists argue women and men are more likely to be economic equals in societies. A. hunting and gathering B. pastoral C. agricultural D. industrial

A. hunting and gathering

Early research on sexual behavior by Kinsey and his colleagues (1948, 1953) found 37 percent of A. men identified as homosexual. B. women identified as homosexual. C. men had had a same-sex sexual experience since adolescence. D. women had had a same-sex sexual experience since adolescence.

A. men identified as homosexual

The "glass escalator effect" refers to the process by which A. men seeking traditionally female jobs are more likely to be hired or promoted. B. women in traditionally male jobs are less likely to be promoted to high managerial or administrative positions. C. women tend to choose traditionally female jobs.

A. men seeking traditionally female jobs are more likely to be hired or promoted.

The classification of individuals into sexual orientation categories is problematic because A. most individuals will fall somewhere along a continuum. B. orientation categories are distinct and mutually exclusive. C. sexual orientation involves only a single dimension. D. social science research is never valid

A. most individuals will fall somewhere along a continuum

The argument that homosexuals are deviant because they do not fulfill the main function of the family institution can be criticized on the basis that A. other institutions have supplemented the traditional functions of the family. B increasing the population is a societal goal. C samesex couples cannot have children. D samesex couples do not want to fulfill the functions of the family.

A. other institutions have supplemented the traditional functions of the family.

A recent study of 1,000 adults found that two-thirds of the respondents thought that television advertisements pictured men as A. pathetic and silly. B. intelligent. C. caring. D. hard workers.

A. pathetic and silly.

Who are transgendered individuals? A. people whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their assigned birth sex B. gays C. people who are born with ambiguous genitalia

A. people whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their assigned birth sex

What is the term for jobs that offer few benefits, often have low prestige, and are disproportionately held by women? A. pink collar jobs B. the feminine ghetto C. the women's corner

A. pink collar jobs

Sexual harassment laws A. prohibit an employer from requiring sexual favors in exchange for a promotion, salary increase, or any other employee benefit. B. do not address teasing or creating an uncomfortable atmosphere. C. protect only women. D. all of these

A. prohibit an employer from requiring sexual favors in exchange for a promotion, salary increase, or any other employee benefit.

The argues that the division of labor is a consequence of traditional socialization. A. relative resources approach B. gender role ideology C. second shift theory D. gender deviance hypothesis

A. relative resources approach

The American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Counseling Association, the National Association of School Psychologists, the National Association of Social Workers, and the American Medical Association agree that A. sexual orientation cannot be changed. B. sexual orientation can be changed with intensive psychotherapy. C. efforts to change homosexuality have been largely successful. D. sexual orientation is a learned preference.

A. sexual orientation cannot be changed.

In 2009, the United Nations passed a resolution A. supporting decriminalization of homosexuality and the expansion of human rights protection for those who are non-heterosexual or gender non-conforming. B upholding the rights of countries to discriminate based on sexual orientation. C stating that the United Nations will stay out of the sexual orientation discussion

A. supporting decriminalization of homosexuality and the expansion of human rights protection for those who are non-heterosexual or gender non-conforming.

The idea that men have a tendency to act out in an exaggerated male role when believing their masculinity is threatened is called A. the masculine overcompensation thesis. b. androgyny. c. the selffulfilling prophecy. d. the Rambo effect

A. the masculine overcompensation thesis.

Christina was not hired for the job when her potential employers found out she had three small children. This is an example of A. the motherhood penalty B. STEM. C. sexual harassment.

A. the motherhood penalty

A(n) _______ individual is a person whose sense of gender identity is inconsistent with their birth sex A. transgender b. gay c. intersexed d. androgynous

A. transgender

Who is most likely to live in poverty? A. women B. men C. transgendered individuals D. the elderly

A. women

Feminism is the belief that A. women and men should have equal rights and responsibilities. B. women are superior to men. C. women should be more like men. D. women should embrace their femininity and reject masculine qualities

A. women and men should have equal rights and responsibilities.

Your text argues that the type of career pursued by women is a "structured choice," which means A. women's career choices reflect limited options as a result of the structure of society. B. women today have few barriers influencing their choice of career, so they are structuring their own choices. C. women's career choices are structured by their choices not to attend college. D. women choose their careers primarily according to their perceptions of their own individual abilities.

A. women's career choices reflect limited options as a result of the structure of society.

Structural-functionalists argue that, in preindustrial societies, A. women, out of biological necessity, remained in the home bearing, nursing, and caring for children. b. women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. c. men equally shared responsibility with the women for caring for children. D. gender roles were reversed, with women providing food and shelter and men caring for the children.

A. women, out of biological necessity, remained in the home bearing, nursing, and caring for children.

______refers to negative attitudes. A.Prejudice B Discrimination C Segregation D Genderism

A.Prejudice

What was the purpose of California's Proposition 8? A. to allow samesex couples to marry B to amend the state constitution to prohibit samesex marriage C to allow businesses to discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation D to officially recognize only two gendersmale and female

B to amend the state constitution to prohibit samesex marriage

The Employment Nondiscrimination Act (ENDA) A passed the first time it came up for a vote in the Senate. B would prohibit workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. C has been declared unconstitutional. D was introduced in Congress in 2007

B would prohibit workplace discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity

Worldwide, women represent percent of representatives to legislative bodies. A. 2 B. 20 C. 49 D. 71

B. 20

What percent of transgender adults report being harassed? A. 5 percent B. 45 percent C. 78 percent D. 90 percent

B. 45 percent

Which of the following explains the traditional division of labor from the "relative resources approach"? A. Women's hormonal makeup is calming, making them uniquely qualified to take care of little children and the home simultaneously. B. Because men have more education, higher incomes, and more prestigious occupations, they are less responsible for domestic labor. C. Women's socialization better qualifies them to understand, teach, nurse, and physically care for children.

B. Because men have more education, higher incomes, and more prestigious occupations, they are less responsible for domestic labor.

Which of the following illustrates "quid pro quo" sexual harassment? A. sexually explicit jokes that female office personnel find offensive B. an employer who requires sexual favors of an employee in exchange for a salary increase C. an employee who "accidentally" fondles a coworker D. a worker who displays sexually explicit photographs in his office carrel

B. an employer who requires sexual favors of an employee in exchange for a salary increase

The term "glass ceiling" refers to which of the following? A. the idea that women can achieve as much success as men if they work hard enough. B. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions. C. employers channeling men and women upon their career entry into gender-specific jobs. D. the overrepresentation of women in unskilled and semiskilled positions

B. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions.

All of the following are true in the U.S. EXCEPT A. women make up the majority of minimum wage workers. B. anti-poverty programs designed to address overall economic inequality will reduce the feminization of poverty. C. Hispanic and black female-headed households are the poorest of all families headed by single women. D. women are significantly more likely to live in poverty than men.

B. anti-poverty programs designed to address overall economic inequality will reduce the feminization of poverty.

Blanca works in a personnel department. Her job requires caring, negotiating, and empathizing, also known as A. instrumental tasks. B. emotion work. C. feeling duties. D. tender tasks.

B. emotion work.

When subjects in a research study were asked to list the best things about being the opposite sex, males most often cited A. life expectancy. B. freedom to be emotional. C. ability to give birth. D. not having to work.

B. freedom to be emotional.

The greatest success of early feminists was A. passage of the Equal Rights Amendment. B. gaining the right to vote. C. gaining access to birth control and abortion. D. passage of the Civil Rights Amendment.

B. gaining the right to vote.

When Travis and Carrie decide who will take on which household task they tend to rely on what they learned as children. This is consistent with A. the relative resources approach. B. gender role ideology. C. the timeavailability approach. D. the gender deviance hypothesis.

B. gender role ideology

The predominance of emotional and sexual attraction to individuals of the other sex is referred to as A. heterosexuality. B. homosexuality. C. bisexuality. D. asexuality.

B. homosexuality.

According to the ____ Hypothesis, differences in the earnings of women and men are the result of differences in women's and men's levels of education, skills, training, and work experience. A. glass ceiling B. human capital C. occupational sex segregation D. devaluation

B. human capital

An experiment in which two congressional candidates' credentials were presented to a sample of respondents found that Republican respondents were least likely to say they would vote for a A. father with young children. B. mother with young children. C. woman without children. D. man without

B. mother with young children.

In an effort to bolster representation of women in politics, Afghanistan has instituted A. increased campaign financing for female candidates B. quotas C. higher pay for female politicians D. more education for girls

B. quotas

In the United States, women are less likely than men to major in A. education. B. science, technology, engineering, and math. C. music and the arts. D. nursing.

B. science, technology, engineering, and math.

Feminists argue that conceptions of gender are A. based on biological sex differences. B. socially constructed. C. determined by the needs of society. D. necessary for the advancement of society.

B. socially constructed.

Because he was a man entering the traditionally female field of elementary school teaching, Edward was promoted to school principal over his female counterparts who had more experience. This situation illustrates A. the glass ceiling effect. B. the glass escalator effect. C. occupational sex segregation.

B. the glass escalator effect

Gender refers to A. the biological category (male or female) B. the social definitions and expectations associated with being M or F C. the presence of an XX or XY chromosome d. sexual preference

B. the social definitions and expectations associated with being M or F

In general, religious teachings have tended to promote A. egalitarian gender roles. B. traditional conceptions of gender. C. women as religious leaders. D. equality for all groups.

B. traditional conceptions of gender.

In general, men are socialized into roles. A. expressive B. nurturant C .instrumental D. egalitarian

C .instrumental

It is legal in states to fire, decline to hire or promote, or otherwise discriminate against an employee because of his or her sexual orientation. A 0 B 6 C 29 D 50

C 29

What percent of Americans believe that gay and lesbian relations are morally acceptable? A 10 B 32 C 59 D 99

C 59

Approximately adults in the United States identify as LGB. a. 500,000 B 1 million C 8 million D 25 million

C 8 million

What percent of Fortune 500 companies include sexual orientation in their equal employment opportunity or nondiscrimination policies? A 20 b. 55.3 C 96.6 D 100

C 96.6

Some structural-functionalists argue that homosexuality functions to benefit society as a whole in which of the following ways? A. Protest against homosexuality has shown society how valuable the "traditional family" is. B Protest against homosexuality has increased religious affiliation and faith. C Gay activism has advocated HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. D Gay activism has increased unity among those who are opposed to this deviant lifestyle.

C Gay activism has advocated HIV/AIDS prevention strategies

By 2050, the largest country in population is projected to be A the United States. B China. C India. D Brazil.

C India.

________ is a ceremony in which LGBT graduates are honored and receive rainbow tassels for their caps. A Pink Triangle Graduation B Gays Graduating C Lavender Graduation D Together We Graduate

C Lavender Graduation

____ explains that simply being aware of negative treatment toward others like yourself can result in mental health problems, even if you are not treated negatively. A Heterosexism B Queer theory C Minority stress theory D Gaybashing

C Minority stress theory

In which of the following countries are homosexual acts subject to the death penalty? A Italy B Japan C Saudi Arabia D. China

C Saudi Arabia

Which of the following statements is true? A There are no generational differences with regard to attitudes toward samesex marriage. B Older age cohorts are more likely to support samesex marriage than younger cohorts. C Younger age cohorts are more likely to support samesex marriage than older cohorts. D Older women are generally more accepting of samesex marriage than younger men.

C Younger age cohorts are more likely to support samesex marriage than older cohorts.

________ refers to prejudice directed toward bisexual individuals. A homophobia B sexism C biphobia D Internalized homophobia

C biphobia

The Matthew Shepard and James Byrd, Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act (HCPA) A has yet to be signed into law. B was introduced to protect heterosexuals from discrimination in the workplace. C expands the original hate crime legislation to include hate crimes based on actual or perceived sexual orientation. D has been around for over 25 years.

C expands the original hate crime legislation to include hate crimes based on actual or perceived sexual orientation

The "Don't ask, don't tell" policy in the military A prohibited all gays and lesbians from serving in the military. B allowed recruiting officers to ask about sexual orientation but prohibits service members from telling their orientation. C has been revoked. D stipulated that individuals can no longer be discharged from the U. S. military service because of sexual orientation.

C has been revoked.

The majority of religious groups with regard to transgendered individuals. A have been affirming B have oppressed C have been silent D are in denial

C have been silent

The term refers to a form of oppression that gives power and privilege to heterosexuals. A homophobia B heterophobia C heterosexism D. homosexism

C heterosexism

Population momentum refers to population growth as a result of A high immigration. B current high fertility rates. C large numbers of young women who are entering their childbearing years. D large numbers of males in the population.

C large numbers of young women who are entering their childbearing years.

All of the following have been associated with negative treatment based on sexual orientation EXCEPT A lower life satisfaction. B greater likelihood of substance abuse. C more sexual partners. D depression.

C more sexual partners

Between 2013 and 2050 the percentage of older people in the world population is expected to _ A decrease B increase slightly C nearly double D remain the same

C nearly double

National Coming Out Day does all of the following EXCEPT A raise awareness. B foster discussion of LGBT issues. C provide a way to advocate for same-sex marriage. D work for equality.

C provide a way to advocate for same-sex marriage

U.S. women received the right to vote in what year? a. 1790 B. 1865 C. 1920 D. 1945

C. 1920

In the , the United States made it illegal to discriminate in wages or employment on the basis of sex. a. 1920s b. 1940s c. 1960s d. 1980s

C. 1960s

The World Economic Forum ranked the gender gap in 134 countries, with the highest rank going to the countries with the smallest gender gap. The United States ranked A. 1st B. 8th c. 22nd D. bottom 10

C. 22nd

Globally, women made up percent of the total work force in 2012. A. 10 B. 25 C. 40 D. 70

C. 40

What percent of the religious clergy in the United States are male? A. 45 percent B. 51 percent C. 82 percent D. 98 percent

C. 82 percent

Why is the classification of individuals into sexual orientation categories problematic? A. Distinctions among sexual orientation categories are not as clear-cut as people would like them to be. B. Many people who are sexually attracted to or have had sexual relations with individuals of the same sex do not consider themselves homosexual or bisexual. C. Because of the social stigma associated with nonheterosexual identities, many individuals conceal or falsely portray their sexual orientation identities to protect themselves from prejudice and discrimination. D. all of these

C. Because of the social stigma associated with nonheterosexual identities, many individuals conceal or falsely portray their sexual orientation identities to protect themselves from prejudice and discrimination.

___ refers to the ways in which the norms, values, beliefs, and symbols of a society perpetuate the subordination of an individual or group on the basis of sex. A. Structural sexism B. Institutional sexism C. Cultural sexism D. Individual sexism

C. Cultural sexism

In the U.S., are the poorest of all families. A. Hispanic and black male-headed households B. two-parent households C. Hispanic and black female-headed households D. white female-headed households

C. Hispanic and black female-headed households

Which of the following is the "gender role ideology" explanation of the traditional division of labor? A. Females and males have been socialized to perform various roles and to expect their partners to perform other complementary roles. B. Females are more biologically equipped for household labor and childcare. C. Husbands view their wives as property, which was acquired by marriage for the purpose of taking care of their children and household. D. Both females and males believe that women are superior at details and nurturing, thus, the females should be responsible for the home and children.

C. Husbands view their wives as property, which was acquired by marriage for the purpose of taking care of their children and household.

Which of the following statements is true regarding women's work experiences? A. Women are disproportionately employed in vulnerable employment. B. Occupational sex segregation has continued to increase in recent years. C. Most women's jobs are more highly valued than men's jobs. D. Females are less likely to be unemployed than males.

C. Most women's jobs are more highly valued than men's jobs

Which of the following religious denominations has the most nontraditional beliefs about women's roles? A. Roman Catholic B. Orthodox Jewish C. Quakers D. Southern Baptist Convention

C. Quakers

Female genital cutting is A. usually performed in hospitals upon the birth of a child. B. a common practice in South America. C. a rite of passage that enhances a woman's status in some countries. D. rarely practiced in the world today.

C. a rite of passage that enhances a woman's status in some countries.

The "time availability approach" explains the traditional division of labor in the home by the belief that A. children require more time and attention than jobs outside the home. B. household chores are not as time consuming as jobs outside the home. C. because women are more likely to be at home, they have more time to perform domestic chores. D. women need less free time than men.

C. because women are more likely to be at home, they have more time to perform domestic chores.

The belief that females are less valuable than males is an example of A. structural sexism. B. institutional sexism. C. cultural sexism. D. individual sexism.

C. cultural sexism.

In 2013, the European Union instructed its diplomats around the world to A. reinforce the stand that homosexuality is wrong. B protect the right of individual countries to enforce their own laws regarding sexuality. C. defend the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender and intersex people. D stay neutral in the controversy over gay rights.

C. defend the human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender and intersex people.

The hypothesis argues that women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less valuable than the work performed by men. A. Structural sexism B. human capital C. devaluation

C. devaluation

The mythopoetic men's movement A. is antifeminist. B. strives to make men more accountable for violence. C. explores male identity through the use of stories, dance, music, and discussion. D. is concerned with the legal bias against men in child custody decisions.

C. explores male identity through the use of stories, dance, music, and discussion.

The boy code refers to A. a secret handshake that is known only among gay boys and men. B. a set of slang terms that degrade females. C. gender socialization that discourages males from expressing emotion and asking for help. D. higher self-esteem among boys than girls.

C. gender socialization that discourages males from expressing emotion and asking for help.

As industrialization progressed and the production of goods and services moved away from the home, women A. had more education. B. had higher incomes. C. had fewer occupational skills. D. were frequently owners.

C. had fewer occupational skills.

Worldwide, women tend to work jobs characterized by all of the following EXCEPT A. informal working arrangements. B. little job security. C. lower unemployment. D. little recourse in the face of unreasonable demands.

C. lower unemployment.

The research finding that women who are mothers are viewed as less competent and committed to paid work than non-mothers, and that mothers feel pressured to choose professions with flexible hours is referred to as the A. mother ceiling. B. mommy choices theory. C. motherhood penalty

C. motherhood penalty

All of the following EXCEPT are core values of the ManKind Project. A. authenticity B. accountability C. power D. integrity

C. power

Reparative therapy or conversion therapy refers to A. treatment of the mental depression that accompanies the realization one is homosexual. B. programs designed to enlighten people and change their prejudices toward homosexuals. C. programs dedicated to changing homosexuals' sexual orientations. D. programs dedicated to helping parents, siblings, and children of homosexuals accept their loved one's choice

C. programs dedicated to changing homosexuals' sexual orientations

The Berdache is A. the first woman. B. the mythopoetic idealized male. C. the Native American word for the third gender. D. a key figure in women's civil rights.

C. the Native American word for the third gender

The study reported in your text of the household division of labor in 10 Western countries found A. in 5 out of 10 of the countries, women and men spend almost equal hours on unpaid household labor. B. women's unpaid household labor was less in the United States than in any of the other countries. C. women were responsible for the majority of unpaid household labor in all of the countries. D. men spent more time than women on unpaid household labor in Sweden.

C. women were responsible for the majority of unpaid household labor in all of the countries.

states have hate crime laws that include sexual orientation. A 10 B 17 C 24 D 30

D 30

______ Is the idea that mental health problems are more likely to occur with people who experience their environment as emotionally or physically threatening. A Heterosexism B Queer theory C Gay-bashing D Minority stress theory

D Minority stress theory

In 2000, which country became the first to offer full legal marriage to same-sex couples? A the United States B Australia C Somalia D Netherlands

D Netherlands

The Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007 (also called the Matthew Shepherd Act) would expand the federal hatecrime law to include crimes motivated by bias against a victim's A actual or perceived sexual orientation. B gender. C gender identity. D all of these

D all of these

Which of the following is a legal penalty for violating laws that prohibit homosexual acts in some countries of the world? A prison B corporal punishment, such as whipping or lashing C the death penalty D all of these

D all of these

Legally married spouses have all of the following rights EXCEPT A to receive Social Security survivor benefits. B to include their partner on health insurance. C immunity from testifying against a spouse. D automatic joint custody of stepchildren in the event of a divorce.

D automatic joint custody of stepchildren in the event of a divorce.

If every country in the world achieved replacement-level fertility rates, population growth would A decrease. B stabilize immediately. C continue to grow for about 2 or 3 years. D continue to grow for several decades.

D continue to grow for several decades.

All of the following are cultural origins of anti-LGB bias EXCEPT. A religion B rigid gender roles C stereotypes D economic differences

D economic differences

In some states, legal registration as a "domestic partnership" may allow all of the following EXCEPT A coverage under a partner's health and pension plan. B rights of inheritance and community property. C tax benefits. D eligibility for federal Social Security benefits.

D eligibility for federal Social Security benefits.

Which does NOT refer to negative attitudes, beliefs, and emotions toward nonheterosexuals? A sexual prejudice B homonegativity C antigay bias D genderism

D genderism

Higher population growth in developing countries is largely due to A immigration from other countries. B a larger population base. C a larger population base of young women. D higher fertility rates.

D higher fertility rates.

In most U.S. states, there are A laws protecting LGBT individuals from housing discrimination. B laws that prohibit firing or declining to hire an employee because of his or her sexual orientation. C laws that prohibit sodomy among people of the same sex. D laws or state constitutional amendments that ban same sex marriage

D laws or state constitutional amendments that ban same sex marriage

Gay-straight alliances (GSAs) are A support groups for bisexuals and their partners. B political action committees that lobby for legal protection for lesbians and gays. C marriages in which one person is gay and the other person is straight. D school-sponsored clubs that address antigay harassment and promote respec

D school-sponsored clubs that address antigay harassment and promote respec

The first major Christian denomination to endorse same-sex marriage was A the Quakers. B the Southern Baptist Convention. C the United Methodist Church. D the United Church of Christ.

D the United Church of Christ.

How many states have ratified the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)? A. none B. 5 C.20 D. 35

D. 35

In 2012, full-time working women in the U.S. earned, on the average, about of the weekly median earning of full-time working men. A. 25% B. 40% C. 65% D. 81%.

D. 81%.

The states that "equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any state, on account of sex. A. Supreme Court decision, Roe v. Wade, B. National Order for Women (NOW) C. Beijing Platform D. Equal Rights Amendment

D. Equal Rights Amendment

Which of the following statements about school and gender is true? A. Girls and boys are treated equally in schools. B. Women are overrepresented in administrative positions. C. Boys and girls learn differently. D. Sex stereotypes are reinforced and created in schools

D. Sex stereotypes are reinforced and created in schools

_____ sexism refers to the ways in which the organization of society, and specifically its institutions, subordinate individuals and groups based on their sex classification. A. Societal B. Cultural C. Manifest D. Structural

D. Structural

____ refers to a person whose sense of gender identity-masculine or feminine-is inconsistent with their birth sex. A. Homosexual B. Lesbian C. Bisexual D. Transgender

D. Transgender

Honor killings are murders that often take place publicly as a result of A. a male perceived to be dishonoring his country. B. a male perceived to be dishonoring his family. C. a female perceived to be dishonoring her religion. D. a female perceived to be dishonoring her family

D. a female perceived to be dishonoring her family

According to the World Health Organization, which of the following is a way that traditional definitions of gender impact the health and well being of women and girls? A. exposure to pollutants through cooking B. preventable complications during pregnancy and childbirth C. higher levels of poverty D. all of these

D. all of these

Gender stereotypes are present in the media in which of the following ways? A. number of fictional characters that are male or female B. language C. advertisements D. all of these

D. all of these

Reasons for STEM gender disparity include A. reliance on gender stereotyping. B. lack of female STEM role models. C. little encouragement to follow STEM pursuits. D. all of these

D. all of these

The term "sexual orientation" refers to the classification of individuals as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual, based on their A. emotional and sexual attractions. B. relationships. C. self-identity. D. all of these

D. all of these

Traditional male gender socialization is linked to higher rates of A . cirrhosis of the liver. B. many cancers. C. cardiovascular diseases. D. all of these

D. all of these

In the United States, women have had to fight for A. the right to vote. b. equal pay for comparable work. C. quality education. D. all of these choices

D. all off these choices

Which of the following constitute employment discrimination against women? A. hiring preferences for veterans B. the practice of promoting within an organization based on seniority C. sexual harassment D. all of these choices

D. all these choices

In general, countries throughout the world are moving toward A. condemning individuals found guilty of same-sex sexual behavior to the death penalty. B. criminalizing same-sex sexual behavior. C. increased legal protection of sexual orientation minorities. D. allowing institutional discrimination based on sexual orientation.

D. allowing institutional discrimination based on sexual orientation

The feminization of poverty reflects all of the following EXCEPT A. number of female-headed households. B. number of elderly females compared to elderly males. C. types of jobs women hold compared to men's jobs. D. biological differences in capability.

D. biological differences in capability.

On the average, men in the United States A. live about two years longer than women. B. live about the same number of years as women. C. die about two years earlier than women. D. die about five years earlier than women.

D. die about five years earlier than women.

Bisexuality refers to A. the predominance of emotional and sexual attraction to persons of the other sex. B. the predominance of emotional and sexual attraction to persons of the same sex. C. persons who look or act like they are homosexual, but are really heterosexual. D. emotional and sexual attraction to members of both sexes.

D. emotional and sexual attraction to members of both sexes.

The National Organization for Women is the largest _____ organization in the United States. A. women's labor union B. Christian women's C. Republican women's D. feminist

D. feminist

In the United States, elementary and secondary school teachers have been found to A. talk to girls more than boys. B. listen to girls more than boys. C. ask girls more questions than boys. D. give boys more extended directions than girls

D. give boys more extended directions than girls

Being married is related to A. improvements in men's health but a decline in women's health. B. improvements in women's health but a decline in men's health. C. greater improvements in women's health than men's health. D. greater improvements in men's health than women's health.

D. greater improvements in men's health than women's health.

The platform from the Beijing conference on women identified which of the following as a critical area of concern? A religion B. men's rights C. childcare D. health

D. health

Research demonstrates the importance of bias, that is, bias we are unaware of. A. socially constructed B. overt C. cognitive D. implicit

D. implicit

Female state legislators identified as the single greatest barrier to running for political office. A. family responsibilities B. sexual harassment C. gender stereotypes D. lack of money

D. lack of money

According to conflict theorists, A. women were regarded as property in hunting and gathering societies. B. inheritance laws in agricultural societies increased the power of females in the family. C. private property in agricultural societies began to contribute to greater power of females in the society at large. D. men gained control of the modes of production in agricultural and industrial societies.

D. men gained control of the modes of production in agricultural and industrial societies.

Over 775 million adults over the age of 15 cannot read or write. How many of these are women? A. 10 percent B. about one quarter C .a little over half D. nearly twothirds

D. nearly two thirds

The master status of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals is usually their A occupation. B family structure. C community. D. sexual orientation

D. sexual orientation

The documentary, So Sexy So Soon shows in the media. A. objectification of women but not men. B. glorification of homosexuality among teens. C. portrayal of young girls as sweet and innocent. D. sexualizing of young girls and boys.

D. sexualizing of young girls and boys

Which of these countries has not ratified the International Women's Bill of Rights? A. Britain. B. France. C, Canada. D. the United States.

D. the United States.

Occupational sex segregation refers to which of the following? A. a subfield in sociology that studies gender differences in job performance B. unfair treatment of employees on the basis of their sex C. an invisible barrier that prevents women from moving into top corporate positions D. the concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations

D. the concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations

All of the following are cultural changes that have influenced the worldwide rise in liberalized national policies on same-sex relations EXCEPT A the emergence of a global society. B the rise of individualism. C increasing gender equality. D. the growing concern about overpopulation.

D. the growing concern about overpopulation.

Occupational sex segregation continues for all of the following reasons EXCEPT A. employment policies. B. the continuation of cultural beliefs. C. opportunity structures. D. women's recent educational accomplishments.

D. women's recent educational accomplishments.

The most recent doubling of the population took about years. a 40 b. 100 c. 400 d. 1000

a 40

refers to the time required for a population to double from a given base year if the current rate of growth continues. a Doubling time b The increase ratio c Onehundred percent population gain d The Malthus formula

a Doubling time

The American feminist movement began in which year? a. 1848 B. 1920 C.1965 D. 1984

a. 1848

is related to increased risk of death for a mother and baby. a. Childbearing at young ages b. Having fewer children c. Obtaining early prenatal care d. Increased child spacing

a. Childbearing at young ages

A close analysis reveals that a. Social Security is not "broke," but longterm changes are needed. b. Social Security is "broke" and cannot be fixed. c. Social Security will be insolvent by the end of the decade. d. Social Security benefits will dwindle to a bare minimum in the next 10-20 years

a. Social Security is not "broke," but longterm changes are needed.

John was laid off from his job because management felt that at his age (64) he was too expensive. John was a victim of a. age discrimination. b. pronatalism. c. elderism. d. reverse discrimination

a. age discrimination.

Which perspective views the elderly as a special interest group that competes with younger people for scarce resources? a. conflict b. functionalist c. symbolic interactionist d. feminist

a. conflict

Which of the following is NOT a significant potential strategy for reforming Social Security? a. cut benefits b. eliminate the program c. increase revenue d. expand benefits

a. cut benefits

Improving educational and occupational opportunities for women reduces population growth for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. educated women are more likely to marry younger than less-educated women. b. educated women are more likely to use contraception. c. greater education is related to more traditional roles in the family. d. educated women are more likely to want fewer children.

a. educated women are more likely to marry younger than less-educated women.

The ratio of workingage adults to adults aged 65 and older in a population is called the a. elderly support ratio b. sandwich generation. c. age specific ratio. d. demographic transition.

a. elderly support ratio

In China, adult children and older adults sign a(n) that specifies how the children will provide parental care. a. family support agreement b. nonbinding contract c. elder care option d. living will

a. family support agreement

Conflict theorists argue that contributes to population growth in many less developed countries. a. female subordination b. food and water supply c. bribery d. environmental destruction

a. female subordination

The aging of the world's population is due in part to a. increased longevity b. less deadly warfare c. new religious beliefs d. longstanding policies encouraging childbirth

a. increased longevity

According to a survey of faculty at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, is the world's top environmental problem. a. overpopulation b. climate change c. shortage of fossil fuels d. acid rain

a. overpopulation

A 401k plan is different from a pension in that a. pensions provide a guaranteed income. b. 401k plans do not require the employee to contribute to the plan. c. 401k plans are outdated and no longer exist. d. pension plans come only from private employers.

a. pensions provide a guaranteed income.

Youth bulges in poor countries are associated with a. political unrest and violence. b. educational reform. c. industrial development. d. growing consumer markets.

a. political unrest and violence.

Which of the following has historically promoted pronatal values in a society? a. religion b. government c. capitalism d. urbanization

a. religion

The various attempts to change a person's sexual orientation are known collectively as by the American Psychological Association. a. sexual orientation change efforts b. gay therapy c scared straight programs d sexual reestablishment initiatives

a. sexual orientation change efforts

According to the structuralfunctionalist perspective, homosexual relations are defined as "deviant" because a. they do not fulfill the family institution's main function of producing and rearing children. b they contradict the dominant belief that women should submit to their husbands. c these relationships are based on sexual gratification, not love. d they reduce the number of eligible males in the dating and marriage market.

a. they do not fulfill the family institution's main function of producing and rearing children.

The two types of retirement plans are a. traditional pensions with "defined benefits" and "defined contribution" plans b. Social security and pension c. savings accounts and IRAs d. Medicaid and Medicare B

a. traditional pensions with "defined benefits" and "defined contribution" plans

Throughout the developing world the primary status of women is that of a. wife and mother. b. farmhand. c. factory worker. d. daughter.

a. wife and mother

The largest country in population in the world today is a the United States. b China. c India. d Indonesia.

b China.

For 99% of human history population growth was restricted by a violence. b disease and limited food supply. c climate and natural disasters. d low fertility rates

b disease and limited food supply.

The American Psychological Association refers to "treatments" to cure sexual orientation as a LGBT therapy. b sexual orientation change efforts. c reorientation plans. d. strategies to enhance heterosexuality.

b sexual orientation change efforts

What is the total fertility rate? a the number of children born per 1,000 population b the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-55. c the average lifetime number of births per woman in a population. d births minus deaths in a country during a given year

b the number of births per 1,000 women ages 15-55.

Social Security's total income will be sufficient to cover annual costs until approximately a. 2018 b. 2033 c. 2045 d. 2055

b. 2033

Which piece of legislation makes it illegal to discriminate against people because of their age with respect to hiring, firing, promotion and layoffs among other things? a. Social Security Act b. Age Discrimination in Employment Act c. Non-Discrimination Act d. Civil Rights Act

b. Age Discrimination in Employment Act

occurs when older adults are not included in advertising and educational materials. a. Elder abuse b. Ageism by invisibility c. The youth bulge d. The sandwich generation

b. Ageism by invisibility

are the generation of Americans born between 1946 and 1964. a. The Greatest Generation b. Baby Boomers c. The elderly d. Generation X

b. Baby Boomers

What are the general findings about elder care from your chapter's "Social problems Research Up Close" profile? a. Caregivers generally do not like their role. b. Caregivers appreciate the time spent with elderly relatives, but want more support from workplaces. c. Caregivers report that government and workplace policies are adequate in providing flexible time for elder care. d. Most caregivers would prefer to put their elderly family members in an institution.

b. Caregivers appreciate the time spent with elderly relatives, but want more support from workplaces.

is reflected in fertility worship and religious prohibitions of birth control. a. Ageism b. Pronatalism c. Child deprivation d. Birthism

b. Pronatalism

is a federal program that protects against loss of income due to retirement, disability or death. a. Food Stamps b. Social Security c. Medicaid d. TANF

b. Social Security

The generation includes adults who are caring for aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren. a. sandwich b. club sandwich c. double jeopardy d. age squeezed

b. club sandwich

Youth bulges result from high fertility rates and a. high elderly mortality. b. declining infant mortality rates. c. lower life expectancies. d. high adult mortality from HIV/AIDS or war.

b. declining infant mortality rates.

According to the population growth patterns are associated with industrialization. a. conflict theorists b. demographic transition theory c. symbolic interactionists d. population momentum theory

b. demographic transition theory

According to the text, the greatest need in developing countries in regard to family planning is a. access. b. education. c. keeping men out of the decisions. d. providing women with an incentive.

b. education.

Caring for elders has traditionally been the responsibility of a. governments. b. families. c. spouses. d. professionals.

b. families.

Which perspective emphasizes the social changes in the workforce and federal programs as a result of the growing elderly population? a. conflict b. functionalist c. symbolic interactionist d. feminist

b. functionalist

Pronatalism is a cultural value that promotes which of the following? a. cleanliness b. having children c. growing old d. good health

b. having children

According to demographic transition theory, fertility rates decline in industrialized societies due to a. the increased economic value of children. b. the increased survival rates of infants and children. c. parasites and infectious disease due to unsafe water supplies. d. increased infertility of females due to pollution.

b. the increased survival rates of infants and children.

The link between Social Security programs and lowered fertility rates is what functionalists understand as a/an a. manifest function. b. unintended consequence. c. social problem. d. technological fix.

b. unintended consequence

About of U.S. workers are not confident they will have enough money to live comfortably in retirement. a. 1/5 b. 1/3 c. 1/2 d. 2/3

c. 1/2

The Age Discrimination in Employment (ADEA) was passed in a. 1935. b. 1945. c. 1967. d. 2013.

c. 1967.

The last time Social Security taxes were increased was a. 1970 b. 1980 c. 1990 d. 2000

c. 1990

The replacement level fertility rate is a. 1.0. b. 1.8. c. 2.0. d. 2.1.

c. 2.0.

Young job seekers are more likely to be offered a job interview than older job seekers with similar resumes. a. 10% b. 20% c. 40% d. 80%

c. 40%

By the end of this century, global life expectancy is expected to be about a. 70 b. 75 c. 82 d. 90

c. 82

refers to negative stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination based on a person's or group's perceived chronological age. a. Old Person Syndrome b. Youth Culture c. Ageism d. Baby Boomers

c. Ageism

is calculated as the number of working-age people divided by the number of people 65 or older. a. Social security b. Baby boomers c. The elderly support ratio d. Retirement age

c. The elderly support ratio

According to demographic transition theory, industrialization led to a decline in mortality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. improved sanitation. b. improved health. c. decreased pollution. d. education.

c. decreased pollution.

All of the following are strategies suggested by your text to help curb population growth EXCEPT a. improving the status of women. b. family planning. c. eliminating access to abortion. d. government population control policies.

c. eliminating access to abortion

According to Malthusian theory, a. improved agricultural technology would eliminate food shortages which, in turn, would accelerate population growth. b. food shortages and consequent population decline among the masses would occur because the rich would take the food surplus from the poor. c. food shortages due to population growth would lead to war, disease, and starvation that would then slow population growth. d. modern medicine would decrease the mortality rate and increase the fertility rate, thus creating massive overpopulation.

c. food shortages due to population growth would lead to war, disease, and starvation that would then slow population growth.

An environmental footprint refers to the a. effect of a polluting factory on the environment. b. degree of resource depletion per year in the world. c. impact that each person makes on the environment. d. degradation of the ecosystem in a 100 year period.

c. impact that each person makes on the environment.

China's onechild policy a. has been ineffective in reducing population growth. b. has created an imbalanced sex ratio of more females than males. c. imposes a monetary fine on couples that have more than one child. d. decreased the country's economic productivity.

c. imposes a monetary fine on couples that have more than one child.

Economic development can slow population growth for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a. it reduces infant and child mortality. b. it increases education of women. c. it increases the economic value of children. d. providing media exposure to values that promote fertility control.

c. it increases the economic value of children

The leading cause of mortality for reproductive-age women in the developing world is a. parasites. b. infectious disease. c. maternal death. d. domestic abuse.

c. maternal death.

Countries with below-replacement fertility levels a. often have policies to reduce fertility levels. b. often have policies to keep fertility levels stable. c. often have policies to increase fertility levels. d. typically do not have any policies related to fertility.

c. often have policies to increase fertility levels.

Each person's environmental footprint is determined by a. the number of children that person has. b. the population growth rate in that person's country. c. patterns of production and consumption in that person's culture. d. patterns of violence in that person's society.

c. patterns of production and consumption in that person's culture.

All of the following are forms of ageism EXCEPT a. believing old people as a group are slow and grumpy. b. speaking loudly to elderly people. c. paying women less than men. d. excluding older individuals from advertising and educational materials.

c. paying women less than men.

Which of the following is NOT one of the forms of therapy dedicated to changing sexual orientation? a. reparative therapy b. conversion therapy c. psychosexual therapy d. reorientation therapy

c. psychosexual therapy

Which perspective emphasizes the importance of social meanings and definitions of aging? a. conflict b. functionalist c. symbolic interactionist d. feminist

c. symbolic interactionist

The second demographic transition has been linked in part to which of the following factors? a. subordination of women in less developed countries b. lack of access to effective contraception c. the rise of individualism and materialism d. proportionately higher elderly populations in developed countries

c. the rise of individualism and materialism

Current population trends suggest that the world's population a will double within the next 10 years. b will double within the next 20 years. c will double within the next 30 years. d may never double again.

d may never double again.

Many developing countries today are characterized by a "youth bulge," which means a high proportion of a. children ages 0-5 relative to children between 6 and 17. b. 6- to 12-year olds relative to younger and older children. c. children ages 0-17 relative to the adult population. d. 15- to 29-year-olds relative to the remaining adult population.

d. 15- to 29-year-olds relative to the remaining adult population

Retirees can claim Social Security benefits beginning at age a. 45. b. 55. c. 60. d. 62.

d. 62.

Which age group has the highest rate of voting? a. 18-24 b. 30-40 c. 45-55 d. 65-75

d. 65-75

What is the main problem with an aging population? a. The elderly control politics because of their large numbers. b. The elderly refuse to leave jobs resulting in fewer openings for young people. c. The large numbers of elderly engender resentment among the young. d. As the proportion of older people increases in a population, fewer working-age adults support the elderly population.

d. As the proportion of older people increases in a population, fewer working-age adults support the elderly population.

Evidence that modern societies downplay the value of their elders can be seen in which of the following? a. Many people will continue to work after retirement because they want to. b. Older people make up one of the most powerful political demographics. c. Elderly people are often respected for their knowledge and experience d. Millions of Americans purchase products or treatments to make them look younger

d. Millions of Americans purchase products or treatments to make them look younger

Which part of the world will experience the highest growth of the aging population in the next 40 years? a. Africa b. Asia c. Latin America d. More developed regions

d. More developed regions

refers to the generation of people who care for their aging parents while also taking care of their children a. ageism b. Baby boomers c. The greatest generation d. The sandwich generation

d. The sandwich generation

Affirming negative stereotypes about the elderly (e.g., slow, grumpy, poor drivers, etc.) can be attributed to a. youth culture. b. functionalism. c. youth bulge. d. ageism.

d. ageism.

Which of the following is a way in which countries have tried to increase their population growth? a. paying a bonus to families that have babies b. offering a monetary reward to women who have more than two children c. creating policies to help women combine child rearing with employment d. all of these

d. all of these

In general, childfree couples a. are less educated. b. are more religious. c. live in rural areas. d. do not adhere to traditional gender ideology.

d. do not adhere to traditional gender ideology.

The second demographic transition refers to a. increase in fertility levels due to increased food supplies and improved sanitation. b. decrease in population growth due to higher mortality levels, such as from AIDS/HIV. c. increase in population growth due to immigration from undeveloped to developed countries. d. fall of fertility levels to below the two-child replacement level.

d. fall of fertility levels to below the two-child replacement level.

The amount of Social Security benefits a person receives is based on a. how much money they need. b. a predefined formula guaranteeing equality. c. how much money is available. d. how much money that person earned during his/her working history.

d. how much money that person earned during his/her working history.

Which of the following are NOT among the various methods used to encourage parental support by governments mentioned in your text? a. tax deductions for adult children caregivers b. the development of Family Support Agreements c. tax credits for adult children caregivers d. imprisonment for failure to provide care

d. imprisonment for failure to provide care

The demographic transition theory describes how has affected population growth. a. changing ecological balance b. climate change c. HIV/AIDS d. industrialization

d. industrialization

Conflict theorists argue that food shortages result from which of the following? a. overpopulation b. war c. lack of public investment in agricultural research d. inequitable distribution of power and resources

d. inequitable distribution of power and resources

Individuals who believe homosexuality is a choice are A. less likely to believe homosexuality should be illegal. B. more accepting of same-sex marriage and adoption. C. more likely to support legal protections for gays and lesbians against discrimination. d. more likely to believe LGB people can and should change.

d. more likely to believe LGB people can and should change.

The environmental footprint of an average person in a high-income country is than that of someone in a low-income country. a. much smaller b. slightly smaller c. slightly larger d. much larger

d. much larger

The American Psychological Association concluded that SOCEs are a usually successful. b not usually successful. c definitely harmful. d. not usually successful and may involve risk of harm

d. not usually successful and may involve risk of harm

Symbolic interactionists highlight all of the following EXCEPT a. understanding quality of life among the elderly is a subjective exercise. b. negative labels such as "geezer" reflect ageism. c. definitions of old age are constantly changing. d. older people make up a large and powerful political group.

d. older people make up a large and powerful political group.