Social Psych Test

Barry received an A on his first group project. He believes this grade is the result of his superior intelligence and hard work. He received a D on his second group project, and he attributes this grade to the other group members' poor work and stupidity. What attributional error is Barry demonstrating?

A self-serving bias

In the most recent studies on factors affecting conformity, which of the following was found to have the least influence on whether or not a person will conform?

Gender

Jury members have been sequestered in a hotel for two weeks, deciding the appropriate sentence for a convicted murderer. They have many sentencing options. Because they have been under increasing pressure to come to a decision, they begin to agree with the jury foreperson who strongly advocated for the death penalty from the beginning. Which phenomenon best explains this situation?

Groupthink

An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the:

social-responsibility norm.

Tim believes he did poorly on an exam because he was too busy with other responsibilities to study. However, he believes the other low scorers in the class did poorly because they are stupid. Tim's reasoning demonstrates the

actor-observer bias.

Following the 9/11 terrorist attack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates:

altruism.

The frustration-aggression principle suggests that anger results when:

an attempt to achieve some goal is blocked.

People at a prom, a wedding reception, or a Walk for the Arts would be considered what type of crowd?

an expressive crowd

The best explanation for the inaction of bystanders during the Kitty Genovese murder is that they failed to:

assume personal responsibility for helping the victim.

Attitudes are ________ that guide behavior.

belief-based feelings

According to social exchange theory, altruistic behavior is guided by:

calculations of costs and benefits.

The affectionate attachment that keeps a relationship going after passionate feelings cool is known as:

companionate love.

GRIT attempts to reduce conflict through:

conciliation.

To a social psychologist, a perceived incompatibility of goals is indicative of:

conflict.

Annette is in a group of young musicians, all of whom wear black hats with big ears and black and white outfits with the letters M-I-C-K-E-Y on them. Annette feels part of the group. One day, the musicians destroy their band equipment. Annette gets caught up in the craziness of the moment and believes that nobody will hold her personally responsible for the destruction. Annette participated in the destruction because of a group phenomenon called

deindividuation.

Darley and Latané observed that most university students failed to help a person having an epileptic seizure when they thought there were four other witnesses to the emergency. The students' failure to help is best explained in terms of:

diffusion of responsibility.

Ezekiel asks, "Mom, may I eat a hot fudge sundae with extra whipped cream?" When his mother replies that he may not, Ezekiel then asks if he may eat one cookie. Ezekiel is using the ______________ strategy for gaining compliance.

door-in-the-face

Ed participated in a psychology experiment in which he turned pegs on a board for one hour. Although the task was very boring, the experimenter said, "I will pay you $1 if you tell the next participant that this experiment is the most exciting experiment that you have ever been in." Julie also participated in the same experiment; however, the experimenter offered to pay her $20 to lie to the next participant. According to cognitive dissonance theory, Ed will later report that experiment was ______________, and Julie will report that it was ______________.

exciting; boring

Sherif's study of conflict in a Boy Scout camp indicated that conflict between two groups of boys could be reduced most effectively by:

exposing the groups to tasks that required their joint cooperation.

Randolph is playing badminton, a task he is particularly good at. Soon, a crowd gathers to watch him play. Randolph ends up having one of the best badminton games of his life. His improved performance is a result of social

facilitation.

Jared found that after he got people to sign a petition to help beautify the neighborhood, he was able to collect quite a lot of money when he later went around asking for donations to buy trees and flowers. Jared may not realize it, but he used the _________ approach to obtain compliance to his donation request.

foot-in-the-door

The checker at your grocery store is in a really crabby mood. You assume it is because he is just a grouchy, mean person. Actually, he is very nice but just was upset because his boss had told him he had to stay late that night. Because you assumed his mood was due to his personality, you displayed a(n)

fundamental attribution error.

Normative social influence results from peoples' desire to:

gain social approval.

A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts' critiques of her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit:

groupthink.

The presence of others ________ a person's performance on well-learned tasks and ________ a person's performance on unmastered tasks.

improves; hinders

Placing people into groups based on the arbitrary outcome of a coin toss leads people to show favoritism to their own group when dividing any rewards. This best illustrates:

ingroup bias.

Steve belongs to an organization set up by the recreation department in his community, which attempts to bring together people of the community for a variety of social events. The group puts on a number of activities and dances during the year for anyone who want to join the group. The group is basically made up of young singles in the community, but anyone is free to join. Which of the following terms describe Steve's group?

interaction and inclusive group

Haley thinks Keith's silence indicates that he's angry, so she avoids talking to him. Unfortunately, Keith thinks Haley's quietness signifies that she's angry and wants to be left alone. This situation best illustrates:

mirror-image perceptions.

Our mental tapes of culturally prescribed ways of interacting with others in specific situations are called:

social scripts.

Caleb's fifth-grade teacher, Mr. Tsoi, has just told Caleb to sit down. Although Caleb doesn't want to, he sits down. This is an example of

obedience.

While looking through a pile of applications, Rosa decided to interview only the applicants who had a college degree, even though the job did not require one. Rosa is demonstrating her ______________ attitude toward college graduates, and her refusal to read the noncollege graduate applications could be considered ______________.

prejudicial; discriminatory

You were presenting a talk to a group of people considered experts in the field you were talking about. Which of the following would be the best to do in convincing them of your argument?

present both sides of the argument

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of:

role-playing on attitudes.

Natasha and Dimitri have a fulfilling marital relationship because they readily confide their deepest hopes and fears to each other. This best illustrates the value of:

self-disclosure.

People tend to perceive the members of an outgroup as ________ each other and the members of an ingroup as ________ each other.

similar to; different from

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.

situational influences; personal dispositions

Prejudice is most likely to develop as a way of justifying:

social inequalities.

In a tug-of-war competition, Teniel pulled much harder on the rope when competing as an individual than when she competed as a member of a team. This phenomenon is known as

social loafing.

Booyoung believes that all Irish people have pale skin, speak with thick accents, and like corned beef and potatoes. She also believes that all motorcycle riders wear leather jackets. Booyoung is displaying

stereotypes.

Overgeneralized beliefs about a group of people that often underlie prejudicial emotions are called:

stereotypes.

Bud Ditkas likes to keep firm control of his team practice sessions. He doesn't allow player discussion, he watches them very closely, and generally tells them what to do. Bud is probably a ______________ leader.

task-oriented

The theory which believes that certain leaders were destined to become great leaders, regardless of what period in history they were born in is called:

the Great Person Theory

When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in apparent discomfort, he prepared to offer help. But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in:

the bystander effect.

If a cluster of people stand gazing upward, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates:

the chameleon effect.

An eagerness to believe that victims of a natural disaster are being punished by God for their sins best illustrates a potential consequence of:

the just-world phenomenon.

After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Cindy's reaction best illustrates:

the mere exposure effect.

Professor Jones is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards. He personally disagrees with the other committee members' proposed plan to begin accepting students with below-average grades. Professor Jones is most likely, however, to vote in favor of their plan if:

the other committee members are unanimous in their opinion.

Montel, a white university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. His increasing hostility can best be explained in terms of:

the scapegoat theory.

In the local group to which Tom belongs, he finds that he is only able to talk with the leader of the group. Later, he finds that everyone in the group can only talk with the leader and no one else in the group. What type of communication pattern best describes the type of group Tom is in?

wheel type