Social Psychology Ch 5

Which of the following is not discrimination? a. Believing that baby-faced men are harmless b. Giving a pink toy to a girl and a blue toy to a boy c. Signing a petition to keep a minority group out of the neighborhood d. Hiring a thin candidate rather than an obese one with the same credentials

a. Believing that baby-faced men are harmless

Groups to which the self belongs are called _____, and groups to which the self does not belong are called _____. a. ingroups; outgroups categories b. social categories; self categories c. implicit categories; explicit d. self-groups; social-groups

a. ingroups; outgroups categories

System-justifying beliefs are a. more likely to be held by groups in power. b. rarely if ever found in collectivist cultures. c. associated with decreased levels of ingroup/outgroup bias d. more common among women than men in most cultures.

a. more likely to be held by groups in power.

Individuals with a strong social dominance orientation are least likely to a. prefer to live in an egalitarian society. b. strongly identify with their ingroup. c. want their ingroup to be of higher status than other groups. d. endorse government policies that oppress outgroups.

a. prefer to live in an egalitarian society.

Bonnie dislikes all lawyers. This is an example of a. prejudice. b. discrimination. c. social categorization. d. a stereotype.

a. prejudice.

The human mind appears to be innately programmed to think about people as individuals, rather than to engage in social categorization (by clumping people into social groups). a. True b. False

b. False

Self-fulfilling prophecies perpetuate stereotypes by a. increasing the likelihood that perceivers create subtypes. b. eliciting stereotype-confirming behavior from targets. c. threatening individual self-esteem. d. reducing ingroup favoritism.

b. eliciting stereotype-confirming behavior from targets

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which members of stereotyped groups possess attributes and perform behaviors consistent with the group stereotype results from a. subtyping. b. illusory correlations. c. stereotype threat. d. ingroup favoritism.

b. illusory correlations.

Modern racism can be distinguished from what has been termed "old-fashioned" racism in that modern racism is a. more prevalent than "old-fashioned" racism. b. less obvious than "old-fashioned" racism. c. less destructive than "old-fashioned" racism. d. more likely to be revealed later in life than "old-fashioned" racism

b. less obvious than "old-fashioned" racism.

The tendency to perceive members of an outgroup as less variable, or more similar to one another, than members of the ingroup is called the a. minimal group effect. b. outgroup homogeneity effect. c. ingroup homogeneity effect. d. contrast effect.

b. outgroup homogeneity effect.

Liston believes that psychology professors are absentminded. Given the research on illusory correlations, he is likely to a. notice when his psychology professor remembers students' names. b. overestimate how often his psychology professor forgets to bring materials to class. c. underestimate the ways in which his psychology professor is like other psychology professors. d. make situational attributions for the stereotype-consistent behavior of his psychology professor.

b. overestimate how often his psychology professor forgets to bring materials to class.

According to realistic conflict theory, prejudice and discrimination often follow from a. negative stereotypes b. scarce resources c. frustration d. losing out-group status.

b. scarce resources

The idea that favoring in-groups over out-groups enhances our self-esteem is called a. modern racism b. social identity theory c. relative deprivation d. self-esteem maintenance theory

b. social identity theory

Social psychologists use the term _____ to describe the feeling of fear that people sometimes have that they will confirm a certain stereotype. a. "discontinuity effect" b. "aversive racism" c. "stereotype threat" d. "self-defeating prophecy"

c. "stereotype threat"

Recall Muzafer Sherif's research with two groups of 11-year-old boys camping at Robber's Cave (the "Eagles" and the "Rattlers"). The groups were fiercely competitive for several weeks. What triggered a peaceful reconciliation? That is, how was their animosity finally brought to an end? a. They were brought into more and more frequent contact with one another. b. They engaged in a number of tasks that built perspective-taking abilities. c. They were put in a situation that established a clear winner and a clear loser. d. They were put in a situation where they needed to cooperate in order to achieve a superordinate goal.

d. They were put in a situation where they needed to cooperate in order to achieve a superordinate goal

Samantha thinks that all social psychology professors are intelligent, attractive, and fabulously good dancers. This is an example of a. prejudice. b. discrimination. c. social categorization. d. a stereotype.

d. a stereotype.

Negative feelings directed at women's abilities, values, and ability to challenge the power of men are referred to as a. ambivalent sexism. . b. modern sexism. c. benevolent sexism d. hostile sexism.

d. hostile sexism.

Latrell is not satisfied with his $5 million annual salary because he feels that other basketball All-Stars are paid far more money. Latrell's dissatisfaction is most likely the result of a. realistic conflict theory. b. ingroup favoritism. c. outgroup homogeneity. d. relative deprivation.

d. relative deprivation.

Being persistently stereotyped, perceived as deviant, or devalued in society because of membership in a particular social group or because of a particular characteristic is the definition of being a. subliminally presented. b. ambivalent. c. threatened. d. stigmatized.

d. stigmatized.

People tend to show a preference for ingroups over outgroups even when group membership is determined at random, and even when they have never interacted with members of their ingroup. This tendency is known as a. the discontinuity effect b. ingroup favoritism c. stigma by association d. the minimal group effect

d. the minimal group effect