Social Psychology - Chapter 4. [Who am I?]

What is upward social comparison and what is it used for?

Comparing ourselves to someone in a better state than us. Decreases our self esteem.

What is downward social comparison and what is it used for?

Comparing ourselves to someone in a worse state than us. Raises our self esteem.

What is a possible self?

Images of how we might be in the future, either dreaded (potential to be avoided), or desired (potential that can be strived for.)

What is self depreciating?

Implying you are not as good as someone else in order to communicate admiration.

What are the methods used to gain self-knowledge?

Introspection The self from another standpoint.

What is a social Identity theory?

WE perceive ourselves differently at any given moment in time, depending on where we are on the personal-social identity continuum.

when do we think of ourselves as individuals?

When our personal identity is salient.

Is introspection of conscious behaviour usually successful?

Yes

What happens when your social identity is salient?

You emphasize what you share with that group.

What is intra-group comparison?

Comparing oneself to members of the same group.

What are the 4 techniques of self-presentation?

1 Self promotion 2 Self verification 3 Ingratiation 4 Self-depreciation.

What is a momentary salience (Выступ)?

All aspects of self are not controlled simultaneously, therefore the aspect that is salient influences how we think of ourselves.

What is self promotion?

Attempt to ensure that others' impressions of us are based o notes most favourable self-aspects.

What is self-knowledge?

Attempt to know oneself by asking "Who am I?"

How can the past enhance the view of our present selves?

By derogating [ущемление] our past selves, we can feel that we have grown I the areas we care the most about.

What is Intergroup comparison?

Contrast between groups.

What is ingratiation?

Making others like you by praising (complimenting) them.

What are autobiographical memories?

Memories about events in you own life.

Are we good are predicting how we will feel in the future following a positive or native event?

NO

What is the above average effect?

Participants tend to rate themselves above average on any social traits that are positive, such as intelligence, helpfulness, etc. [& vice versa]

What does the self from another standpoint refer to?

Person's attempt to lean about themselves by taking an observer perspective on their own past. Different perspective. When used usually leads to taking responsibility for one's actions.

What is introspection?

Privately thinking of who we are. Can be misleading since we don't often have access to the reasons for our actions as thy are unconscious.

What is self verification?

Process by which we lead others to agree with our self-views.

According to which perspective, we are ok with describing parts of ourselves in a negative way if we can convince someone of the positive aspects?

Self - verification.

What is personal-social identity continuum?

Self can be categorized as a unique being (personal) or a member of a certain group (social)

What is the problem with self-presentation?

Since we know our true intentions w are not always accurate in judging ourselves. Wanting to be punctual - Being late all the time.

What is social comparison used for?

Source of evaluations about the self.

What is a social comparison theory?

Suggests that we compare ourselves to others, because for many domains there is not objective yard stick.