social pysc exam 3

Specific, sometimes minute, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns are called ...... features

trigger features

If people, on average, are more likely to remember male rather than female fire fighters this would be because

BECAUSE people more likely to remember schema consistent behaviors are more likely to to remember schema consistent behaviors and attributes than schema inconsistent behaviors and attributes

83. The perception of what most people do in a given situation is called a(n) __________ norm.

DESCRIPTIVE

Categories into which children actively organize the behaviors, activities, and attributes of others are called gender

schema's

According to..... theory, people tend to categorize each other into groups and then show favoritism to their own group.

self categorization theory

83. 16-year-old high school student Gregory thinks of himself as a member of the "musical clique" at school and feels that the musicians are the best group of students. He thinks poorly of athletes and spends most of his time with peers who share similar interest. This is an example of

self categorization thoery

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry?

she is considered a maven an expert at finding the best products and telling everyone about it. people typically trust mavens.

69. In perhaps the most famous study ever conducted in social psychology, approximately... of men studied were willing to administer a lethal shock of electricity to a helpless victim when they were ordered to do so by a person who appeared to be in a position of authority.

65%

58. Lauren recently gave birth. When she goes for a stroll in her small town, many people stop to look at the new baby and ask whether or not it's a boy or girl. Developmental intergroup theory is when children single out groups as a targets of stereotyping and prejudice, in which children learn and construct characteristics serotypes and affective responses. theory states that many children pick up situations like this, where adults display a heavy focus on gender. Which of the following is a consequence of children picking up on this focus?

Developmental intergroup theory is when children single out groups as targets of stereotyping and prejudice, in which children learn and construct characteristics and affective responses. Prejudice.

58. Which of the following best explains the difference between sex and gender?

Gender is the cultural, social, and psychological meaning that are associated with masculinity and feminity, but sex is the biological category of a male and female defined by physical differences in genetic composition and in reproductive anatomy and function.

58. Which of the following have researchers found to differ between genders?

Girls develop language skills earlier and develop language skills earlier and know more words than boys, but not necessarily long-term, girls are more likely to offer praise, agree with the person they're talking to and elaborate on the other comments. Boys are more likely to assert their opinion, criticism, and more likely to blurt things out loud.

........ influence refers to conformity that results from a desire to act in a manner that... is clearly socially approved such as speaking softly in libraries.

INFORMATIONAL

83. Which researcher is well-known for having conducted a study of conformity that involved having participants express a judgment of the sizes of lines?

Solomon Asch

Ethical concerns have been raised about Stanley Milgram's obedience research. Specifically, some have suggested that the project caused too much distress in the participants, distress that could not be justified. If you were asked your opinion of this issue, which of the following would be a legitimate response?

THE DISTRUBING IMPLICATION FROM THE finding is that under the right circumstances each of us kay be capable of acting in some very uncharacteristic and perhaps some very unsettling ways. so, we are likely to have the same results

Physically attractive people experience many benefits in life. Particularly, more physically attractive people have an easier time persuading others. Which characteristic is an example of why this occurs?

attractiveness has a halo effect the tendency to associate attractiveness with a variety of positive traits such as being more sociable, competent, intelligent, and healthy. this also causes people to place them as more honest and trustworthy making more people persuaded.

Having conscious beliefs, feelings, and behaviors of hostility toward outgroup members that you are perfectly willing to admit reflects what type of bias?

blatant biases

the route to persuasion employs direct, relevant, and logical messages to convince a listener to make a specific change

central route to persuasion

Which of the following is the best definition of conformity?

changing ones attitude or behavior to match a perceived social norm

Social psychologists are often interested in the phenomena of.... 69. in which one person influences the thoughts or actions of another.

conformity

. "I need the group to work quickly and come up with an answer. We don't have time to spare, so make a decision as soon as possible!" If this instruction as given to a group who was charged with making an important decision, groupthink would be more likely to occur as a result of:

decisional stress

83. Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's perception of what most people are doing?

descriptive norm

Differential treatment on the basis of gender is also known as gender

discrimination

According to the stereotype content model, what would be a person's most likely response to a person who is perceived as being low in warmth and low in competence?

disgust

While conducting a study on marital practices in various cultures, Dr. Ekoba unintentionally uses language that implies that her culture uses the best mating and marriage rituals, while other cultures' practices are deviant or inferior. This reflects a(n).. bias in her study

ethnocentric

. Nora has decided to visit the new community recreation center for a swim. As she enters the change room she notices both of the two other people present put their shoes into a locker. Before she walks out to the pool she does the same. What concept helps explain her actions?

informational influence

Why do some salespeople try to start a new interaction by asking for something small from a potential customer (e.g., "Just answer one quick question")?

foot in the door technique obtaining a small, initial commitment and slowly escalating the commitments

Alice's Hotel has noticed that they spend a lot of money on water and electricity devoted to washing linens (towels, sheets, and pillowcases). In order to reduce this expense, the owner wants to encourage guests to reuse linens for more than one day. What would be the best way to accomplish this task?

free gifts and reciprocity

People who have a high social dominance orientation (SDO) are likely to agree with which of the following statements?

know that they are people that prefer arguments of groups with some on top their own group and the people at the bottom

what is a heuristic?

mental shortcuts that enable people to make decisions quickly and efficiently

During a political debate, one candidate continually avoids questions about the details of his policies. Instead, he focuses on pointing out problems that he know worry people and reassures them with a warm smile that they will be "in good hands" if he is elected. This candidate is using the... . route to persuasion in trying to garner votes.

peripheral route to persuasion__

Aversive racism is an example of ________ bias

racist

It is a natural and adaptive social process to classify people into groups. However, because we inhabit one of these groups, we tend to favor our ingroup. What concept explains this tendency to put people, including yourself, into groups?

social identity theory

Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week

social proof

. An temporary committee to address company policy on promotions was formed at the Iwanna Workhere Corporation. The group had five meetings, ironed out new wording for the promotion procedures, and is now deciding that future meetings are no longer necessary. In Tuckman's model of group formation, what stage is this group now in?

stage 5 adjourning

Which researcher produced the famous studies of obedience that involved deceiving participants into believing that they were delivering electric shocks to a helpless victim?

stanley milgram

Jason believes that all Asian people are good at math. What is this belief an example of?

stereotype

A belief that characterizes people based merely on group membership is

stereotypes

69. Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?

sunk cost

Which of the following statements is true of Asch's research on conformity in groups?

the participants sometimes give an answer incorrect answer because of the what others might be thinking

According to... gender roles in children are learned through reinforcement, punishment, and modeling.

the social theory