Social Science 108: Ethics in the Social Sciences

How many ethical principles are included in the ASA Code of Ethics:

6

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services might be called to investigate a researcher or their project?

A researcher fails to have their study approved by the Institutional Review Board.

In addition to races, multiculturalism includes _____. 1: gender 2: disability groups 3: religion 4: sexual orientation 5: All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Professional counselors can guard against self-serving bias in their own decision-making by: 1: Discussing their self-interest with respect to clients with a trusted colleague 2: Discussing their self-interest with respect to clients with a trusted colleague 3: Considering ways in which their self-interest could be compromised, through self-reflection prior to a session 4: All of these examples are valuable ways of reducing the impact of self-serving bias in clinical practice

All of these examples are valuable ways of reducing the impact of self-serving bias in clinical practice

Which of the following is a similarity between the ethical structures of Judaism and Islam? 1: An emphasis on community 2: Obedience to the will of God 3: Individual rights 4: The Golden Rule

An emphasis on community

A researcher wants Joe, a 13 year old boy, to participate in his study. Besides parental permission, what else would the researcher need to obtain?

Assent from Joe.

How does consequentialism judge morality? 1: By the intention behind an action 2: By the results of an action 3: By the logic behind a thought or belief 4: By the fairness of legal and social punishments or consequences

By the results of an action

You are a lead physician looking to provide timely feedback to new doctors on their performance. You may consider the use of _____.

Crowdsourcing

Which two terms describe the same type of ethical approaches? 1: Teleological and deontological 2: Teleological and agent-centered 3: Deontological and non-consequentialist 4: Deontological and consequentialist

Deontological and non-consequentialist are the same type of theories. They are more focused on the intent or reason a decision is made than the consequences of the decision that is made.

Which of the following is NOT a question to ask yourself for determining if you need to cite a source?

Does this sound like it came from me?

Where does a theonomous system look for morality?

From religion only

What best describes the meaning of the word hesed?

Hesed refers to the concept of loving-kindness in Judaism. It makes up part of the foundation of Judaism's ethical framework.

What is the ultimate goal of Buddhism?

In Buddhism, existence is pain. A life of morality and virtue can lead to a breaking of the cycles of rebirth, leading you out of the world of suffering.

When an individual has a position of power over others, but it is not part of the hierarchical structure of the organization, it is called: 1: Informal power 2: Low Context 3: Ethics 4: Expert power

Informal power

Maria is developing a research project about the relationship between how many hours college students spend socializing and GPA. She is committed to making sure that any positive benefits of her study are equally distributed, which is known as _____ in research.

Justice

Juju's culture believes that there is a contract between God and humans, and that human ethics are about upholding their end of this contract. Juju's culture is most likely a _____ one. 1: Latin American 2: Pan-African 3: Eastern Hemisphere 4: Northern Hemisphere

Latin American

According to the cynics, what defined the moral life?

Simplicity and rejecting worldly desires.

Which two terms describe the same type of ethical approaches?

Teleological and consequentialist are the same type of ethical decisions. Individuals that follow these theories argue that the consequences - or how much good is created versus bad - is the primary driver of what makes something ethical or not.

What does consequentialism examine? 1: The morality of the result of an action 2: The inherent goodness of an action 3: The inherent badness of an action 4: The motivation behind an action

The morality of the result of an action

What was the focus of the hedonists, the philosophers of the Cyrenaic school?

The present

Which one is not a form of collecting data? 1: Observations 2: Interviews 3: Records 4: These are all forms of collecting data.

These are all forms of collecting data.

Sarah has been learning about self-determination and autonomy from you and has been reading blogs and business articles on the Internet. She is convinced that she needs to quit her job and start a business in order to achieve greater levels of autonomy. How can you help her? 1: You can applaud her desire to have more autonomy in her life, and review the definition with her. 2: You can ask neutral questions about how entrepreneurship fits the autonomy definition. You can ask neutral questions about the level of autonomy she has now with her full-time job, including benefits. 3: You can explore government and other reliable statistics on business formation and success and ask her to assess, with you and through guided sentence-completions, how her level of autonomy would shift were she to embrace start-up entrepreneurship 4: These are all helpful counseling actions.

These are all helpful counseling actions.

A political group invites people in the local communities to participate in a survey about prayer in schools. This is an example of:

This is an example of a voluntary bias which describes the members of a sample that choose to respond or participate in the research, whether intentionally or unintentionally.

Why does an individual use the process of ethical decision making?

To make a decision guided by ethical principles and values

Name one primary obligation of many offices and businesses.

To protect the confidentiality of the records that are kept

Rewarding an inmate with a positive review at his/her parole hearing for being in your study is: 1: Ethical; they provided a service and you supplied an incentive. 2: Ethical; you did not promise that the parole board would accept it. 3: Unethical; participation in a study should have no impact on an inmate's parole hearing. 4: Unethical; incentives are not allowed for inmates.

Unethical; participation in a study should have no impact on an inmate's parole hearing.

When normative ethics asks 'what is good?' they mean 'what is a moral action?' What does metaethics mean when it asks 'what is good?'

What defines goodness on a fundamental level?

Minority and low-income populations have traditionally had high counseling drop-out rates for many reasons. What could be the reason? 1: counselors have not spent time explaining counseling confidentiality in culturally-appropriate terms 2: counselors have been disparaging about their client's ethnic and cultural ideas in the session 3: counselors have not explained the value of talking about family or personal issues outside of the family, and taking solutions back to help the family, in a culturally-sensitive way. 4: all of these answers are correct

all of these answers are correct

The first principle or foundation of morality is that of _____.

care vs. harm

Jermaine is a counselor. When one of his clients is faced with an ethical dilemma, Jermaine decides to use the hermeneutic circle to help his client. The FIRST thing Jermaine should do is to: 1: see the issue in the larger context of society 2: identify Jermaine's biases and values 3: clarify the client's values and beliefs 4: use the hermeneutic circle to understand the issue

clarify the client's values and beliefs

An encouraging communication style

encourages the client to see multiple possible options that incorporate various aspects of their cultural ethics into a final choice

A child who shares her lunch snack with a classmate she wants to make friends with is in _____ of moral development.

the first conventional stage (stage three)

Lou works for a big company with lots of money and very little regard for the environment. He has the opportunity to take a little money from the company without getting caught. He thinks he could take the money and donate it to environmental charities. Which of the following is the BEST representation of how Lou might use the hermeneutic circle when faced with this decision? 1: focus on the larger context of corporate responsibility to the environment and ignore his specific situation 2: focus on his specific situation and ignore the larger context of corporate responsibility to the environment 3: think about the golden rule and how it applies to corporations 4: think about his specific situation and about the larger context of corporate responsibility to the environment

think about his specific situation and about the larger context of corporate responsibility to the environment