Social Studies 7-12 Chapter 1 Development of Early Civilizations

The most basic social unit is the _____.

Family

Why do scholars now believe the great flood actually took place?

Scholars have found evidence of a long period of glaciation that took place around 8,200 years ago.

Lake Agassiz and the Indo-European diaspora are thought to have both occurred around _____.

6400 BCE

What defines a hunter-gatherer society?

Survival from foraging for fruits or nuts and hunting, fishing or scavenging for meat.

Why was a hill a good choice for a village?

Defense

The Tigris and the Euphrates are located in the same region as _____.

Iraq

Which of these is true of the Nile River?

It floods on a regular schedule.

The most common form of hierarchy in human history is based upon the notion that:

Power is based upon kinship and family connections.

How did fire influence early human culture?

The hearth was the center of culture where people socialized, performed ceremonies, and ate together.

What is knapping?

The process of making stone tools.

When did the first city states emerge in Mesopotamia?

4th millennium B.C.

In what way were the advances of Mesopotamia not advantageous for all?

A hierarchical society was created where some people were left powerless.

In what way was Moses' hierarchy not a true theocracy?

All of his leaders could be traced back to the 12 sons of Jacob.

Benefits of settled agriculture include _____.

All of the answers are correct.

Why was flooding an important factor that led to the development of early river valley civilizations?

Because floods transported nutrient-rich earth from the bottoms of rivers to the land, making these areas ideal places to cultivate crops.

How did the Neolithic Revolution support larger populations worldwide?

Farming allowed for a surplus of food to support more people.

What is the nickname of the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers which encouraged the first human settlements?

Fertile Crescent

Which of the following practices may even predate the rise of agriculture?

Animal husbandry

Why was Mesopotamia fertile?

Because the rivers flooded over onto the lands.

What is the basic goal in the creation of a hierarchy?

Deciding how to break up the work and responsibility into manageable pieces and assign capable individuals to manage them.

Which of the following best describes how humans decided to settle in villages?

Gradually, while still maintaining ways of hunting and gathering

How did the diets of early farming communities differ from that of nomadic hunter-gatherers?

Hunter-gatherers ate more meat.

How did Mesopotamia get its name?

It is Greek for between two rivers.

Why was the Indo-European diaspora important?

It spread agriculture to new areas, and gave rise to the evolution of different languages.

Read the following description to answer the question. An increase in food production enabled the division of labor. The division of labor allowed for the development of new technologies. The development of new technologies allowed for a greater increase in food production. This led to further division of labor, which led to further technologies, which led to further increases in population. This is referred to as _____.

Positive feedback loop

What was the Paleolithic era?

The era of human development with hunter-gatherers who used stone tools.

In the Sumerian myth of a Great Flood, why did Goddess Enlil plan to flood the earth?

To control human population.

What would most likely happen if a river changed its course?

Villages no longer close to the river would move

What is defined as the process of using canals to bring water to land?

irrigation

Which of the following did the development of agriculture aid?

the growth of sedentary culture the creation of cities cultural pursuits, like pottery and religion the growth of notation techniques and writing -all answers are correct