Social Studies Ancient Greece

Democracy:Who had the power to rule for this type of government?

In a democracy, all the citizens of the country shared the ruling power; the people governed themselves. (Democracy means "rule by the people")

When the Ancient Greeks established settlements in other countries, they came in contact with other cultures. How might this have an affect on the history of ancient greece?

It might have affected it because it might have a result of cultural diffusion.

Most of the Greek island lie between the Greek mainland and Asia Minor. Would this fact have made travel to Asia Minor easier or more difficult? Explain.

It would make traveling more difficult because if you want to go pas the islands, you would have to go around.

Name a peninsula in Europe that had the greek colonies that were the farthest away from mainland Greece. What is the approximate distance from mainland Greece to this colony

Italy the distance is 600-700 miles.

Trojan War: Who commanded the Greek army?

King Agamemnon of Mycenae

Hera:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

Lions, Peacocks, Cows, Cuckoos

What are some challenges the greek farmers faced?

Little flat land, small vegetable gardens, raised animals that needed a lot of land, rocky land, not much fresh water

What are the characteristics of The Minoans ?

Located on island of Crete, Did not devote most of their energies to developing a strong military , Had sports and made sports, Traded with Spain, Egypt, Canaan and Asia Minor, were incorporated into art architecture and literature, Established settlements for imperialistic purposes , Masters in art and pottery, Legend:Crete was the birthplace of Zeus, Egalitarian society: men and women worked in areas of religon, agriculture, and craftwork, Peaceful people- no military

What are the characteristics of the Mycenaeans?

Located on the Peloponnesus on the Greek mainland circa 2700 B.C.E, Traded by sea with Egypt and Asia Minor, Devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military., Had art and created art, Traded by sea wiith Egypt and Asia Minor., Civiization in about 1450 BCE, were incorporated into art architecture and literature Began launching invasive expeditions , Masters in poetry, Legend: Persus founded Mycenae after killing Medusa, Agricultural economy: grains, grapes, and olives, Hierarchical society: Kings and soldiers holding power and prisoners of war as their slaves, SPoke an early form of the greek language

Name the physical features of Greece?

Lots of mountains, no major rivers, surrounded by three sides of sea, includes hundred of islands

Trojan War:WHo was Helens's husband?

Menelous of Mycenea

Hermes:Who your god/goddess of?

Messenger of the Gods. God of thieves, marketplace, and travelers.

Hades:What is Hades' weapon?

Normally, Hades's weapon would be a bident. (Hades is a member of the Big Three- Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades).

Trojan War: Who thought up of the idea of the Trojan Horse?

Odysseus

Oligarchy::What were some disadvantages of this government?

Oligarchs may not have had political experience before and just a group of a few people may not have cared about the problems and issues, and just wanted to be more powerful.

What are 3 differences between the Minoans and Mycenaens?

1)Minoans-Did not devote most of their energies to developing a strong military Mycenaeans- Devoted most of their energies to developing a strong military. 2)Minoans- Had sports and made sports Mycenaeans-Had art and created art 3)Minoans-Masters in art and pottery Mycenaeans-Masters in poetry

List three more reasons why traveling was hard in ancient greece?

1)Sharp rocks on the roach shattered the wooden wheels 2) Wagons could get stuck in the mud 3)They can get attacked by invaders, pirates, etc.

What are 2 challenges the merchant ships face when traveling

1)Took a long time to travel(2 months) 2) No lighthouses back then so they couldn't see where they were

When did the Greeks establish colonies?

650 BCE

Hermes:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

??????????

Tyranny:What were some disadvantages of this government?

A disadvantage is that some of the tyrants did not use their power to help people and instead hurt their society which was a disadvantage to the people of the society.

Trojan War: Who was the greatest Greek warrior?

Achillies

Trojan War:How did Achillies kill Hector?

Achillies threw a spear at Hector's throat

One which continents did the Ancient Greeks establish settlements?

Africa and Asia

Hestia:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

All family meals started with a prayer to Hestia She was the one who first taught the mortals to build homes, Whenever a baby was born, the parents carried the baby around the hearth and prayed to Hestia., Every house had a sacred spot for her, that was the hearth, the center of family life., Every Ancient Greek city had a public hearth for all citizens. Hestia was sacred there also.

Democracy:Under this type of government, what rights did the people of Greece have?

All male citizens had equal amounts of power on all issue. All citizens could debate over issues and laws, though some spoke longer than others.

Apollo:Who your god/goddess of?

Apollo was the god of wisdom, poetry, archery,medicine, plague and music.

Where were these colonies located?

Asia Minor, France, Italy, more

Describe the actions that the ancient Greeks were likely to take when starting a new colony

Asking an oracle to consult the actions they are about to make, gathered food and supplies, find a place to start a colony.

Athena:Who your god/goddess of?

Athena is the virgin goddess of reason, intelligence, war, and art.

Which one is father north Athens or Sparta?

Athens is father north

What goods from the Greek mainland were traded?

Olive oil, pottery, and wine

Why were the Ancient Greek communities isolated from each other?

Because there were high mountains they had to travel to communicate.

What sea lies along the eastern coast of Greece?

Black sea

How did these farmers meet these challenges?

Built wide earth steps into hills to create more flat land.Planted hill side or chards of fruit and nut trees.Raised sheep, goats, other animals that can graze on the sides of the mountains. Used rain water.

How did the seas surrounding Ancient Greece influence its developement.

By helping the ground being more fertile so it will be better to grow crops.

Hestia:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

Donkey, crane, fire and flame, and a pig

On which continent is Ancient Greece located?

Europe

Hera:Who your god/goddess of?

Goddess of Marriage and Protector of Women

Artemis:Who your god/goddess of?

Goddess of hunting, wild animals, childbirth and protector of young girls

Hestia:Who your god/goddess of?

Greek Goddess of the home and family

Zeus:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

Greeks prayed to Zeus because he gave laws and justice to morals, taught them kindness and good manners,

Hades:What is Hades' "special tool"?

Hades has a fierce 3-headed dog named Cerberus. It protects Hades and can sniff out anybody that tries to cheat their way in the Underworld.

Hades:What is Hades the god of?

Hades is the god of the Underworld. The Underworld is basically the place where all the dead people go to.

Apollo::How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

He was worshipped because he was the leader of the muses, the nine goddesses of the arts, and because he was said to have healing power.

Trojan War: What did Hector do to Patroclus?

Hector stole Patroclus's armor

Trojan War: WHo was the most beautiful women in SParta?

Helen of Sparta

Hephaestus:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

Hephaestus is one of the 12 olympian gods making him one of the most known and praised god. Hephaestus is the god of blacksmithing and crafting, which were really important during that time. So the people would want to praise him so that they could gain his support.

Hephaestus:Who your god/goddess of?

Hephaestus is the god of blacksmithing, fire, crafting and volcanoes.

Trojan War:The 3 rival goddess for the beauty contest were ___________, ____________, ____________

Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite

Zeus:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

His symbol was the thunderbolt. He used his thunderbolt and threw it like a spear

Poseidon:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

Horse, Trident, Bull, Seafoam, Dolphin

How do you think the physical geography of Greece influenced where people settled and how they lived?

How they got food, water, shelter, other resources needed to survive.

Democracy:How do you think people felt living under this type of government?Why?

I think that most people were happy living under this type of government because all citizens had a share of the power in the government. All of the citizens could also vote on every issue. So people would be mostly happy since they actually had power in the government.

Tyranny:How do you think people felt living under this type of government?Why?

I think that mostly people were glad living here because if you could not afford a home people like the tyrant would make adjustments and help you. Also the rulers promised the people rights. Though there were some rulers who did not rule properly. They ruled harshly and did not always use their power to help people.

Monarchy: How do you think people felt living under this type of government?Why?

I think the people were not happy because the aristocrats in most city-states overthrew the monarchy and took the power for themselves. And by 800 B.C.E. kings no longer ruled most Greek city-states.

Oligarchy:How do you think people felt living under this type of government?Why?

I think the people were not very comfortable with the oligarchs, because the poor had disadvantages over the others, they had to work in the fields all day while the wealthy were comfortable. The oligarchs used force to make the people do what they wanted them to do.. The laws that were passed were only fair to the oligarchs. The oligarchs also ignored the needs of most people.

Democracy:What were some disadvantages of this government?

Important decisions were often reversed after only a few weeks and powerful speakers often disuaded the citizens to vote unwisely.

AThens WOmen and slavery

Only men were considard citizens , Citizenship was not possible for women or for slaves, fewer rights then men , Women can not own much property, cannot vote or attend the assembly, Most could not even choose their own husbands., few women had jobs., women sold goods in the market. , A few very important women were priestesses. , But most Athenian women had their greatest influence in the home. , managing the household and raising their children., Athenian wife had separate rooms at home, Her responsibilities included spinning, weaving, and supervising the slaves. , She never went out alone. , She taught her sons until they were about 6 or 7 and ready for school. , She educated her daughters until they were 15 and ready to be married., Most Athenians who weren't poor owned at least one slave. Some people were born into slavery. Others were forced into slavery as captives of war., Slaves performed a wide variety of jobs , Some ran households and taught Athenian children. , A number of slaves were trained as artisans. , Others worked on farms or in factories. , Some slaves worked for the city as clerks., Some slaves worked in the silver mines.

Trojan War:Who judged the beauty contest?

Paris

Hera:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

People prayed to Hera because she protected women

Aphrodite:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

People wanted someone fall in love with them, so they paid homage to Aphrodite in hopes of finding someone

Trojan War: Who was the bravest Greek warrior

Prince Hector

Poseidon:Who your god/goddess of?

Sea, Earthquakes, Horses

Artemis:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

She is prayed to because we are told to believe that she protects all maidens and hurts those who disrespect people or her.

Aphrodite:Who your god/goddess of?

She is the goddess of love and beauty

Trojan War:Thetis told Achillies something bad would happen to him if he killed Hector. What was it ?

She told him that he would die

Apollo:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

Silver bows and arrows, The Lyre, The Raven

Tyranny:What were some advantages of this government?

Some advantages of this type of government is that the poor got treated a lot nicer and that some of the poor's debts were canceled. The government also helped poor people out of crisis or times of dept.

Democracy:What were some advantages of this government?

Some advantages were that the citizens had power, and male citizens had their own rights. One example of this, is that anybody who is a citizen can vote on an issue.

Oligarchy:What were some advantages of this government?

Some of the advantages in this government is that they had an advantage over the slaves. For example, they partied where slaves and hired professionals entertained guests with music, dance, and acrobatics.

Tyranny:Under this type of government, what rights did the people of Greece have?

Some people were promised more rights so they could support some Greek tyrants.

In what direction would you travel to get from ancient Greece to Egypt

South

Aphrodite:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

Swan , Mirror , Apple , Scallop Shell

Artemis:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

Symbols that represent her are bows, arrows, and the moon

Hermes:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

Symbols: winged boots and a winged hat. Has a winged wand called a caduceus.

Ares:Who your god/goddess of?

The God of War

Trojan War: Explain in a brief paragraph how the horse "won the war".

The Greeks brought the horse to the Trojans as a gift, they waited until midnight to go out and kill all of the citizens in the city except Aeneas who was saved by Aphrodite, Aphrodite saved Helen. So Troy withstood the attacks of the Greek heroes for 10 years, but then was conquered by deceit and treachery.

WHat is the sea that is located south of ancient greece?

The Mediterranean sea

Monarchy:Who had the power to rule for this type of government?

The Monarch had the power to rule for Monarchy which was the king.

Athena:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

The Olive Tree, The Serpent or Snake, and the Symbols of weapons and armours, The Aegis, and The Chariot., The weapons that athena wielded was/were Zeus's thunderbolt, a shield that had the head of Medusa on it, a battle spear.

Monarchy:What were some advantages of this government?

The advantages of this government was could make laws for their city state to make it better and they can hold the religious ceremonies for their city state. The king had the power and there was only one king.

Trojan War: WHo made Achillies' new armor

The blacksmith

Monarchy:What were some disadvantages of this government?

The disadvantage is that only the king's relatives get to hold power. Also, only the eldest son gets power, so if there is a younger son, he will never get to rule.

Ionia

The first Greek colony located on Asia Minor

Trojan War:What did Aphrodite offer Paris?

The most beautiful women in the world.

Oligarchy:Under this type of government, what rights did the people of Greece have?

The people had no rights because people couldn't decide on the laws that they wanted so laws were usually unfair to the poor, people couldn't even vote on the leaders because power was usually inherited.

Monarchy:Under this type of government, what rights did the people of Greece have?

The people of Monarchy government had the right if they were wealthy you would get clothing and food you want.They have the right to chose what king they want. Wealthy men inherited large pieces of land.

Hephaestus:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

The symbols of Hephaestus are the hammer, anvil and the tongs.

The greeks did not have much level land for farming or for grazing cattle. How did they meet this challenge?

They might have conquered other lands to expand their area. They might have cut down trees to make more space to plant more crops

Over time, the population of ancient Greek communities increased, some communities did not have enough farmland to produce enough food for the population. WHat did the Ancient greeks do to solve this problem?

They might have tried to expand their areas by conquering other nations.

Where did the ancient Greeks mostly settle

They mostly settled by the coast where they can get food, water, and other natural resources

What was the primary reason why the ancient Greeks started colonies?

They needed more farmland to support their people. Increase in population

Why did some Greek settlements fight each other

They needed more land to support their settlements.

Why did some ancient Greek settlements trade?

They needed to get the goods that they needed to survive.

Poseidon:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

They would build temples and monuments of him. They would give poseidon gifts everyday to please him and so he won't go angry., Some gifts made him happy and make a calm sea., Other gifts made him mad and throw a storm that would break the land., They would pray to poseidon because he would protect the coastal towns and Atlantis, but also so he wouldn't throw a storm at them because he was angry that nobody is honoring him.

Tyranny:Who had the power to rule for this type of government?

Usually in this type of government, one person ended up taking the power by force

SParta Government

Was a oligarchy, had the ruling power(council of Elders), they had an assembly , you must be 60 or older to be in the Council of, Elders and from a noble family, consists of 2 kings and 28 other men, Council of Elders had the power to stop any laws passed by the assembly, met in a large outdoor area , did not debate, they could only vote yes or no

Oligarchy:Who had the power to rule for this type of government?

Wealthy men called the Oligarchs. They had power to rule.

Zeus:Who your god/goddess of?

Zeus was the god of the earth and sky as well as lightning..

Athens Government:

became a democracy in 500BCE, allowed free man to become citizens women and slaves can not be citizens, created new laws everyday, Every citizens had the right to speak in the social meeting, They used a water clock to time them, They had a lot of freedom, The Assembly met on a hill every 10 days 6000 citizens must be present to have the assembly, slaves would round up more citizens if there is not enough, Council of 500 met everyday

Athens Education

boys can only grow up to become citizens believed that producing citizens is the main purpose of education, a good citizens must have an intelligente mind and body , boys were taught at home by their mother until the age of 6 or 7, After taught by their mother, they were to go to school until the age of 14, the teachers taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and literature, the books were rare and expensive, students had to read aloud and memorize everything, They did music and sports, They learned to sing and play the lyre, When they were 18 the boys go into military training, Girls did not learn how to read or write, girls grew up to learn how to help their mothers with household tasks, They were married at the age of 15, Weathy family , the men chose the husband, If poor they had more of a choice

Sparta Economy

economy based on farming and conquering people, didnt have enough land to feel all its people, took the land they needed from neighbors used slaves and noncitizens to produce needed goods, helots had to give much of the food they grew to to SParta citizens, perioikoi were free men serve in the army , perioikoi made shoes, red cloaks, iron tools and spears, and pottery, they discouraged trade, they thought that contact with other coty-states would lead to new ideas an weaken their government,, trading was difficult because of its money system, didnt have coins, they used heavy iron bars because it would be harder to steal

Athens Economy

economy based on trade , land around did not provide enough food for all the city's people, it was near the sea so it had good harbor, They got wood from Italy and Grain from Egypt, Traded honey, olive oil, silver, and pottery, bought and sold goods at a huge marketplace called the agora, they can buy household items, pottery, furniture, and clay oil lamps , they can buy lettuce, onions, wine and other foods, Most people made their own clothes at home, they bought lether sandals and jewlry, They can buy and sell slaves they developed coins, they were made up of gold, silver, and bronze, they decorated the flat side of the coin, one of their coins had the goddess, athena on it, the other side had athena's favorite bird, the owl

What goods did the Greeks get in exchange for trading?

grain, timber, metal

Athena:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

he reason they worshipped Athena as a war goddess Athena could not be dominated by other goddesses, such as Aphrodite, and as a palace goddess she could not be violated. ... Also in the Iliad, Zeus, the chief god, specifically assigned the sphere of war to Ares, and Athena. The Greeks worshiped Athena by building the Parthenon. They also worshiped her by naming their capital city Athens after her.

Ares:How/Why would ancient Greeks pray to them?

never really extensive in Greece. The Ancient Greek gods thought that he was annoying and self-centered.

Sparta Education

purpose of education was to produce capable men and women who could fight to protect the city-state., Spartans were likely to abandon sickly infants who might not grow up to be strong soldiers., Spartans highly valued discipline and strength., From the age of 7, all Spartan children trained for battle. Even girls were given some military training. They learned wrestling, boxing, foot racing, and gymnastics. , Spartan boys lived and trained in buildings called barracks. Boys learned to read and write, but those skills were not considered as essential as military skills., The most important Spartan goal was to be a brave soldier., Spartan boys were taught to suffer any amount of physical pain without complaining., They marched without shoes. They were not well fed; in fact, they were encouraged to steal food, as long as they did not get caught. , At about the age of 20, Spartan men were given a difficult test of fitness, military ability, and leadership skills. , If they passed, they became Spartan soldiers and full citizens. Even then, they continued to live in soldiers' barracks, where they ate, slept, and trained with their classmates. , A man could not live at home with his wife and family until he was 30 years old. , At the age of 60, Spartan men could retire from the army

Ares:What symbols are connected to them? What is their weapon, beasts and/or special tool?

use spears and swords

Sparta women and slavery

women lived the same simple life as Spartan men. , They wore plain clothing with little decoration., They did not wear jewelry or use cosmetics or perfume. , Like Spartan men, women were expected to be strong and healthy—and ready to fight when needed. , A wife was expected to look after her husband's property in times of war. She also had to guard it against invaders and revolts by slaves., Spartan women had many rights that other, Greek women did not have. , They were free to speak with their husbands' friends. ,. Women could own and control their own property. They could even marry again, should their first husband be away at war for too long a time., the helots, were people the Spartans had conquered. , treated the helots harshly, fearful that the helots would revolt. Spartan government declared war on the helots so that any slaves it thought might rebel could be legally killed.., helots did have some rights. , They could marry whomever and whenever they wanted. , They could pass their names on to their children. , They could sell any leftover crops after giving their owner his share. , Helots who saved enough money could buy their freedom.