Social Studies : Chapter 19 : The Industrial Age

A way of making steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove waste.

Bessemer Process

Why did labor unions have a better chance of improving working conditions than laborers did on their own?

Businesses feared strike, and businesses were faced with crowding. These cons provided better chances of improving working conditions during the Second Industrial Revolution.

A method of negotiating for better wages or working conditions in which all workers act together to ensure a better chance for success.

Collective Bargaining

What led to poor working conditions in factories during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Machines, crowding, specialization, poor management, and insanitation led to poor working conditions during the Second Industrial Revolution.

Union speaker who worked to better the lives of mine workers.

Mary Harris Jones

What was the Second Industrial Revolution?

The Second Industrial Revolution was a time of rapid growth in U.S. manufacturing that took place in the late 1800's.

A system of business in which one company owns businesses in each step of the manufacturing process.

Vertical Integration

Why were advances in transportation and communication important to the Second Industrial Revolution?

Advances in transportation and communication improved production.

Inventor who patented the telephone in 1876.

Alexander Graham Bell

How did the rise of corporations and powerful business leaders lead to the growth of big business?

Corporations and big businesses created trust and monopolies, used vertical and horizontal integration, and wiped out smaller organizations.

Write three costs and three benefits of the Pullman strike from the point of view of the workers who participated.

Injury, unemployment, and risk of arrest were costs. Higher wages, shorter working hours, and better working conditions were benefits.

Labor organization that represented both skilled and unskilled laborers and was the first national labor union in the United States.

Knights of Labor

Powerful business leader who helped to found the Central Pacific Railroad.

Leland Stanford

How did the rise of big business affect consumers in the United States?

Prices increased due to oversupply which affected consumers in the U.S.