Social Studies Chapter 2
Name 3 history detectives
Archeologists, Historians and Geographers
What was a biped?
Biped means walking on 2 feet and Lucy & her family were biped.
What benefits did bipeds have?
Bipeds could gather and carry food more easily and defend themselves and their children.
What similarities did bipeds have to humans today?
Bipeds were similar to humans today in that they walked on 2 feet but were different in that there brains were 1/3 the size of ours, they weren't able to talk or have tools.
Donald Johanson discovery was named what and how long ago did she live?
Donald Johanson discovered a female he named Lucy who lived more than 3 million years ago.
What did Doubly Wise man look like?
Doubly Wise man looked like us more than any other hominids. They had high, rounded skulls, large brains, small teeth and slender bones but their bodies were not as well adapted to the cold as those of the Neanderthals.
In 1891 a Dutchman named Eugene Dubois discovered what & why was it important?
Eugene Dubois discovered a 3rd type of hominid on the island of Java, southern coast of Asia. These hominids stood straight up and were called Homo Erectus or Upright Man.
What kind of tools did Handy Man's create?
Handy Man's tools were simple. They used rocks as chopping tools, made sharp pieces of stone for cutting and used animal bones as digging sticks.
When did handy man live?
Handy man lived closer to our time than to Lucy's or about 1.5-2 million years ago.
Where can you find Handy man and what can we learn from that?
Handy man remains have only been found in Africa, with other handy man remains. This means that they probably lived together. They would work together to survive, protect each other and collect food over larger areas of land.
What similarities & differences did they have to Lucy?
Handy man were similar to Lucy in that they had a combination of ape and human features, walked on 2 feet. Handy man were different to Lucy in that they had 2x the size of Lucy's brain, were taller and had more human like features.
How did the Handy Man's tools help them to live longer than Lucy?
Handy man's tools helped them live longer than Lucy because they could use the tools to cut meat from animals, crush animals bones and eat the marrow inside and dig or make traps for smaller animals.
Prehistoric humans are called?
Hominids
How does making a tool require thought?
Hominids had to imagine what kind of tool they wanted to make, then plan on how to make it and then make it.
What did Homo Erectus cover their skin in?
Homo Erectus covered their skin in yellow colored mud called ocher.
Homo Erectus bones were what compared to other hominids?
Homo Erectus has stronger bones which helped for traveling and were taller & thinner than other hominids. They were good walkers and runners.
How did Homo Erectus look similar and different than humans today?
Homo Erectus looked more human than other hominds with a round and smooth forehead but still had a large ridge above their eyes, thicker skull and a jaw that stuck out.
What was Homo Erectus or Upright Man greatest advantage & how do we know?
Homo Erectus or Upright Man greatest advantage was to make fire because scientists have found burned animal bones. Scientists believe they cooked their meat. They ate more meat than other hominids.
Homo Erectus traveled. How did this help them?
Homo Erectus traveled from place to place and created shelters with tools and used fire to keep warm. The warmth from the fire helped them live longer and it protect themselves from animals.
Where has the Homo Erectus found and how long ago?
Homo Erectus was found in Asia and Africa. They were the first to migrate and lived between 1.8 million to 200,000 bce years ago.
Homo Erectus were similar to Handy Man. How?
Homo Erectus were similar to Handy Man because they built tools but they made more complex (challenging) tools like axes made of stones.
When did homo Sapiens Sapiens live & where were they from?
Homo Sapiens Sapiens or Doubly wise man lived from 35,000 to 12,000 bce and originated in Africa. From Africa, they spread to Europe, Asia, and Australia eventually migrating (traveling) to North and South America.
How were the Homo Sapiens Sapiens better hunters than other hominids?
Homo Sapiens Sapiens were better hunters than other hominids because they made better tools like hooks and spears to catch fish, spear throwers and bow and arrow so they could hunt from a distance.
How were Homo Sapiens different than other hominids?
Homo Sapiens had thicker bones and were more humanlike with larger brains.
JHomo Sapiens were also called?
Homo Sapiens neanderthalensis or Neanderthal Man.
When were Homo Sapiens or Wise Man discovered and where?
Homo Sapiens or Wise Man were discovered in 1856 in Germany's Neander Valley.
In 1974, American Paleoanthropologist, Donald Johanson made an exciting discovery. What was it?
In 1974, American Paleoanthropologist, Donald Johanson discovered a partial skeleton in Africa. The skeleton included a piece of skull, a jawbone, a rib and leg bones.
What were the living spaces for Upright Man or Homo Erectus?
Living spaces for Upright Man or Homo Erectus were oval huts covered with tree branches. In the center of the hut was a fire. They slept on animal skin.
What did husband and wife, Louis and Mary Leakey discover and what did they name it?
Louis and Mary Leakey discovered hominid bones among scattered tools. They named is Homo habilis meaning handy man.
Lucy belonged to what group?
Lucy belonged to Australopithecus Afarensis. Afarensis refers to the Afar Triangle in Africa where Lucy was found.
In 1879 an 8 year old Spanish girl named Maria found what?
Maria found a cave with paintings of deer, bison, wild horses and boars. They were the 1st prehistoric cave paintings discovered.
What kind of tools did Neanderthals make?
Neaderthals made knives, scrapers, spear points
When did Neanderthal man live?
Neanderthal men lived from 230,000 to 30,000 years ago in Africa, East Europe & Asia.
How did Neanderthals differ than humans today?
Neanderthals differ from humans today in that they were shorter, stalkier and stronger.
Did Neanderthals have a sense of community?
Neanderthals had a sense of community as scientist found burial mounds along with hunting tools and flowers. It showed that they had a ritual and cared for each other. Scientists have found bones that were broken and mended. This showed that they cared for their sick or injured.
How did Neanderthals live?
Neanderthals lived in groups and hunted in groups.
What does paleo mean?
Paleo means ancient
Name a 4th type of history detective
Paleoanthropologists
What do Paleoanthropologist specialize in?
Paleoanthropologists specialize in studying human development and culture.
Scientists have given names and groups of living things in what language?
Scientists have given Latin names and groups of living things.
What have scientists learned from Lucy?
Scientists have learned from studying her bones: -what she looked like -how tall she was (3 feet tall) -mixture of human and ape features -long arms but her hands and feet were small compared to -humans today -large head -forehead and jaw stuck out
Who do scientists think made the cave paintings Maria found?
Scientists think that Homo Sapiens Sapiens or doubly wise man made the cave paintings Maria found in 1879.
Why did early modern humans create art?
Some scientists believed early modern humans created art to teach their children or to create images for religious purposes or created images to express their feelings.
What is the earliest group of known hominids called?
The earliest group of known hominids are called Australopithecus or "southern ape"
Why were the tools found by the Leakeys an important clue?
The tools found by the Leakeys was an important clue because it showed they had the ability to use tools and that was a big difference between the Handy Man and the hominids like Lucy.
How many tolls have been found from Neanderthals?
There have been over 60 tools found from Neanderthals.