Social Studies slave trade test

6.2- How did apartheid divide South African society?

It split up groups of people that had settled together and put groups that didn't get along together. It then passed laws to keep the races separate.

5.1- What did the negritude movement do?

It strengthened Pan Africanism. By encouraging Africans to value their traditional culture and heritage, they would come to see that they had much in common and thus could unify to resist European rule.

6.2- Why did the South African government change its racial policy?

It was being pressured by a growing number of white South Africans who started to feel that apartheid must end.

5.1- What were the positive changes of colonial rule?

Many African nations were left with a modernized infrastructure: roads, railways, ports, etc. European colonial powers brought hospitals, schools, modern agriculture, etc.

4.3- What happened after Britain created the law to end slave trade?

Many people broke the law and continued to ship Africans to the Americas illegally.

6.2- South Africa entered a period called what?

Minority Rule

4.4- Which two innovations helped Europeans advance into Africa?

New medical knowledge for diseases and the Maxim gun, a early machine gun that gave them an advantage over Africans armed with muskets or spears.

4.3- Which free blacks struggled tirelessly against slavery and what methods did they use to convince others?

Olaudah Equiano and Frederick Douglass told others about their own experiences to expose the evils of the system of slavery.

4.3- What did the Europeans try originally to make money?

Originally, the Europeans tried to enslave Native Americans to mine gold, silver and to work at plantations but many died.

4.3- What motives led Europeans to explore the coast of Africa in the 1400s?

Prince Henry of Portugal was attempting to find a sea route to India by going around Africa. On the coast, they ran into Africans who had kingdoms with large values of gold.

4.3- What impact did the slave trade have on small communities?

Slave raiders attacked small communities, seizing healthy young men and women. Without strong hands to plant and harvest, the communities faced disaster.

5.1- What is Guerilla Warfare?

Small bands of fighters stage hit and run attacks against a larger power.

5.1- What were some African nations forced to do to claim freedom?

Some were forced to use violence methods like guerilla warfare against colonial governments.

4.3- What impact did the slave trade have on neighboring societies?

Sometimes the slave trade encouraged wars and increased tensions among neighboring peoples. They would capture slaves from neighbors and sell them for guns to become more powerful.

6.2- In response to the Sharpeville massacre, what does Mandela form?

Spear of the Nation, the armed resistance wing of the ANC.

4.3- About how many deaths did the Atlantic slave trade cause?

2 or 3 million deaths of Africans.

4.3- How long did the Atlantic slave trade last?

400 years.

4.4- Who was David Livingstone?

A British doctor and missionary, who captured the imaginations of the Europeans. He wanted to "open up highways for commerce." He also named the huge waterfalls on the Zambezi River the Victoria Falls.

4.4- Who was Cecil Rhodes?

A British politician and imperialist who lived from 1853 to 1902. He was motivated by the economic motives.

6.2- What is a passbook?

A book that all Africans had to carry around when working in the rich areas. At any time, officials could force Africans to show them their passbooks.

4.4- What was rinderpest?

A cattle disease introduced by the Europeans killing so many cattle that thousands of people died of starvation.

6.2- When a new country/colony is created, what does it need?

A constitution.

4.3- What is the diaspora?

A scattering of people.

5.1- Who was Leopold Sédar Senghor?

A senegalese poet during the 1930s who took lead in the negritude movement. He served as Senegalś representative to the French National Assembly. He urged Africans and Europeans to value traditional African culture.

5.1- What is nationalism?

A sense of pride in and devotion to one's country.

6.2- What is the definition of apartheid?

A system of laws established to separate the races.

4.4- What is the definition of a colony?

A territory ruled by a distant land. Also, a group of people who settle in a distant land but remain subject to their native country.

4.4- What was the Boer War?

A war in which the British fought to centralize a rich area and eventually defeated the Dutch Settlers by 1902.

5.1- What happened after colonial rule?

African countries were unprepared to run their countries well. Traditional economies and forms of government had been wiped out. Most new African nations had few experienced leaders.

4.3- In the Atlantic Slave Trade, what was the situation in Africa?

African leaders are trading their own people to Europeans in exchange for guns, rum, clothing and more just to get and edge on other tribes and to not become slaves themselves.

5.1- What is a Mau-Mau?

An armed resistance groups in the Kenyan struggle for independence.

6.2- How did it promote social inequality?

Apartheid promoted social inequality by giving different South Africans different amounts of Freedom and control. It created rules like nonwhites could not vote and more.

4.3- How did scarcity of labor in the Americas encourage the atlantic slave trade?

The Americas needed workers to make the American colonies profitable. By shipping people to other places and selling them as servants who barely needed to be paid provided lots of profit. Since the Native American plan didn't work, they tried to use Africans for labor.

4.4- Who was Menelik II?

The Ethiopian Emperor who hired Europeans to train and arm his forces. He defeated the Italian army and preserved Ethiopian Independence.

4.4- Who was Leopold II?

The King of Belgium who gained control of the Congo Basin. He was supported by Britain and Germany because they were against the French. He was motivated by political motives.

4.4- Who was Shaka?

The King of the Zulu nation who was born around 1787 who angered his father by not wearing Senzangakhona gift of a warrior's lion skin.

4.3- What was the Middle Passage?

The Middle Passage was the journey of the slaves to the Americas. They were crammed into the ship's hold, where they suffered horribly. In desperate attempts to escape, some Africans organized revolts while others jumped overboard.

4.3- What shape was the Atlantic Slave Trade?

The Slave Trade was a triangle.

5.1- Why did the new African nations often experience conflict and civil wars?

The colonial powers had created borders that combined rival ethnic group or separated people belonging to the same group.

4.4- What is the definition of imperialism?

The control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region.

4.4- What were the religious motives?

Christian missionaries wished to spread their religion by converting Africans.

4.4- What 3 reasons or motives did European countries have?

Economic motives(money), Political motives(power), and Religious motives.

4.4- What were the economic motives?

Europe had industrialized. African colonies were a source of cheap raw materials for European Factories.

4.3- In the Atlantic Slave Trade, what was the situation in Europe?

Europe is industrializing(producing goods with machines in factories) goods(mainly guns). They needed cheap raw materials for production.

4.4- What were the political motives?

European nations were competing for power and influence. For them, territory meant power.

4.3- In the Atlantic Slave Trade, what was the situation in the Americas?

Europeans are establishing colonies. They need cheap labor for miners and plantations.

4.4- Why did Europeans take an interest in Africa in the 1800s?

First, the economic competition was a motive because countries wanted to gain more land and control. Second, resources were a motive because Africa was a source of palm oil, cotton, gum, and more.

4.3- Where did some of the goods that were produced in America shipped to?

Guns were shipped to Africa to give to leaders to capture neighboring peoples.

4.3- Who was Tippu Tib?

He organized an Empire in the eastern Congo. He built off the Ivory trade and Slave Trade.

4.3- What did Mirambo do?

He traded slaves for guns in today's region of Tanzania.

5.1- What was the negritude movement?

The movement encouraged Africans to value their heritage.

4.3- What is the definition of abolition?

The movement to end slavery in a slowly gained force.

5.1- What is pan-africanism?

The movement to unify all of Africa. This idea emerged and was embraced by many nationalists and it began in the early 1900s.

5.1- What was the "Cold War"?

The new superpower nations, the United States and the Soviet Union hoped to gain support from Africans by supporting independence movements.

6.2- Of all the apartheid laws, which ones were the most hated?

The pass laws.

4.3- Who was Mirambo?

The ruler of Nyamwezi in the late 1800s who built a centralized state.

5.1- Why did many African colonies become independent in the years following World War II?

The war weakened colonial powers such as Britain and France. Their militaries were exhausted and their economies were bankrupt thus giving up their empires.

6.2- What problem was caused by apartheid?

The whites still wanted the blacks to do their work, but the blacks couldn't work without traveling to rich areas.

4.4- Why did African efforts to resist European imperialism fail?

There were too many European countries attacking and stealing from Africa. Also Europeans had better technology. Africans also suffered from diseases sometimes.

4.3- What impact did the slave trade have in East Africa?

There, some African rulers delivered captives to Arab merchants who send their human captives to the Middle East and North Africa.

4.4- Why did Europeans want colonies in Africa?

They could make money by taking African's resources and forcing them to do labor. Also, countries saw other countries doing the same thing. Finally, Europeans didn't want slaves in their own countries so they used colonies in America.

4.4- What did the Belgians do when people resisted their forced labor?

They cut of their hands and ears.

6.2- What did Spear of the Nation do?

This group used guerilla warfare tactics against the white-minority government.

4.4- What does, "When you first came, you had the Bible and we had the land. Now we have the Bible and you have the land" mean?

This means that before, Africa had their own culture and land. After European rule, Africans were converted to Christianity and Europe had all of African land.

5.1- How did most African nation win independence?

Through peaceful means like boycotts and strikes.

4.3- How long did slavery continues in the United States?

Until 1865.

4.4- When did the scramble for colonies in Central and West Africa begin?

When King Leopold II of Belgium gained control of the Congo basin.

6.2- What were the 4 official races under apartheid?

Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Coloreds (mixed-race).

5.1- What is a boycott?

A refusal to buy certain goods or services.

4.4- What is the definition of a empire?

A group of territories or nations ruled by a single supreme authority.

4.3- What is a plantation?

A large farm that produces a cash crop like cotton, sugar, tobacco, and more.

6.2- Who was Nelson Mandela?

A leader of the African National Congress (ANC), a group opposed to the white minority government.

5.1- Who was Jomo Kenyatta?

A leader of the movement for Kenyan independence. He was imprisoned for his actions. He led armed resistance Mau-mau groups and became the first president of Kenya.

4.4- What is the definition of a missionary?

A person on a mission to save souls.

4.4- How did the Berlin Conference change the map of Africa?

It further finalized the plans that European countries had for Africa's land. During this conference, the representatives made deals and split up and shared the places of Africa. Till today, the map of Africa is almost the same as it was since European rule.

4.3- After slavery was abolished, what did the British and United States set up for the Africans?

In 1787, Britain set up Sierra Leone(a colony in West Africa for freed slaves.) In 1847, the United States set up Liberia for the freed slaves.

4.3- When did Britain outlaw the slave trade?

In 1807.

4.3- When did Britain finally pass a law fully banning slavery?

In 1833.

4.4- When were diamonds and gold discovered?

In 1867(diamonds) and 1884(gold).