Socialization, Interaction, and the Self Ch 4; Ch 5 Separate & Together Life in Groups

Group cohesion is likely to be highest among which group? all Hispanic students in a single high school students in a sociology 101 course a secret society at an Ivy League university

a secret society at an Ivy League university

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about group dynamics. Katie, Tara, and Shanice are three African American women who just started college. The three of them make up a(n) _______________ . Katie and Tara often have friction in their friendship, so Shanice must referee between the two of them and adds ______________. These three friends are also members of a sorority and compete with a neighboring sorority over who throws the best parties. They see the neighboring sorority as a(n) __________________. intensity stability triad out-group dyad in-group

triad stability out-group

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about social pressure to conform. After watching a commercial that claimed that wearing Nike brand clothing makes amateur athletes perform better, Alfonso followed the _____________________ by purchasing Nike sneakers. By expecting this behavior to produce a positive reward, Alfonso is demonstrating ____________________. prescription proscription internalization compliance

prescription compliance

The process of _____________ of socialization is when adults go through a major life change, such as marriage, that requires learning new norms and values. Other examples might include _____________ of socialization, as researched by Erving Goffman in 1961. resocialization socialization total institutions agent of socialization

resocialization total institutions

Match each example to one of Sigmund Freud's interrelated systems of the mind. id ego superego 1.Ed has the opportunity to cheat on his wife but chooses not to because he knows it will hurt her and possibly destroy their marriage. 2.Justine wants to copy her roommate's homework but is afraid her roommate will catch her. 3.Mark eats a whole pint of chocolate double fudge ice cream because he wants it.

1.Superego 2.Ego 3.Id

Someone who believes that humans do not have much free will and are deeply constrained by the social circumstances and system they are born into is not a big believer in which sociological concept? agency role conflict embodied status achieved status

Agency

Which of the following are aspects of group dynamics? how groups form how groups achieve goals how groups change how groups disintegrate

Correct Answer(s) how groups form how groups achieve goals how groups change how groups disintegrate Incorrect Answer(s)

Identify the items as either "expressions given" or "expressions given off" according to Goffman. saying "good job" to a teammate a thumbs up a shrug of the shoulders a raise of an eyebrow

Expressions Given saying "good job" to a teammate Expressions Given Off a thumbs up a shrug of the shoulders a raise of an eyebrow

Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum? Parents are expected to supplement homework with other life lessons taught outside of school. Students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members. Middle and upper class parents teach their children how to successfully navigate the school system. Some students learn exam material from activities outside of class.

Students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members.

What is the definition of socialization? The process through which a person learns to fit into a new social group, which requires doing things he or she would previously not have done. The process through which individuals fit into a society and internalize its values, beliefs, and norms, and learn to function as its members. The process of coming to have the same beliefs, values, and norms as everyone else in a social group.

The process through which individuals fit into a society and internalize its values, beliefs, and norms, and learn to function as its members

Match each collection of people to the proper concept. the cast members of Saturday Night Live all of the people watching Saturday Night Live on television last Saturday a group of close friends and family members who get together to watch Saturday Night Live on television each week the audience at a taping of Saturday Night Live an aggregate a secondary group a primary group a category

a category a secondary group a primary group an aggregate

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage. The difference between role strain and role conflict is that role strain is about the competing demands imposed by _______, while role conflict is about competing demands imposed _________. Space to worker struggling to decide what task to get done first is experiencing role _______ A worker having to leave work early to care for a sick child is experiencing role ______ strain different statuses a single status conflict

a single status different statuses strain conflict

Place the following stages of child development on the timeline in chronological order, according to George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self. game stage play stage preparatory stage

1.Preparatory stage 2.play stage 3.game stage

Public schools in the United States opened in the______ and attendance was ___________ Beyond the original goals of schooling, such as educating citizens and _________, schools now have greater roles, which include physical education and discipline. providing child care maintaining democracy teaching science 1900s 1800s mandatory 1700s providing meals uneven

1800s uneven maintaining democracy

The Burning Man festival challenges which norms and values of mainstream society? capitalism efficiency bureaucracy conformity

Correct Answer(s) capitalism bureaucracy conformity Incorrect Answer(s) efficiency

The story of Sister Pauline Quinn and the prisoners who train dogs is an example of which of the following sociological concepts? total institutions resocialization achieved status nature versus nurture debate

Correct Answer(s) total institutions resocialization achieved status Incorrect Answer(s) nature versus nurture debate

Identify the individuals who are most likely to serve as weak ties. your cousin's friend your father's business partner's son your aunt your brother's wife

Correct Answer(s) your cousin's friend your father's business partner's son Incorrect Answer(s) your aunt your brother's wife

Which of the following statements correctly explain why the family is such an important agent of socialization? Families are the only agent of socialization to shape norms and values Families are isolated from the influence of other agents of socialization. Families create early emotional and social bonds. Families teach us about gender roles.

Correct Statement(s) Families create early emotional and social bonds. Families teach us about gender roles. Incorrect Statement(s) Families are the only agent of socialization to shape norms and values Families are isolated from the influence of other agents of socialization

Recently, the popular Netflix series 13 Reasons Why, which centers on a high school student who takes her own life, incited a great deal of concern because of its graphic depiction of teen suicide. Critics feared that it might have a "contagion" effect amongst youth, a phenomenon that had already been well documented in other cases, resulting in a spate of copycat attempts. Which of the following were findings about viewers who watched the show? Researchers found that by bringing attention to the issue of suicide, at-risk teens who watched the show were 34 percent more likely to reach out for help. Contrary to researcher's hypotheses, Google searches about suicide neither increased nor decreased following the show's release. Google searches about suicide increased by almost 20 percent within days of the show's release. One study looked at reactions to 13 Reasons Why in a high-risk sample of young viewers who had been admitted to psychiatric emergency rooms. Over half of the viewers believed that the series had increased their own risk of committing suicide.

Finding(s) Researchers found that by bringing attention to the issue of suicide, at-risk teens who watched the show were 34 percent more likely to reach out for help. Google searches about suicide increased by almost 20 percent within days of the show's release. Not Finding(s) Contrary to researcher's hypotheses, Google searches about suicide neither increased nor decreased following the show's release. One study looked at reactions to 13 Reasons Why in a high-risk sample of young viewers who had been admitted to psychiatric emergency rooms. Over half of the viewers believed that the series had increased their own risk of committing suicide.

Socialization is a twofold process occurring at both the social and individual levels that accomplish two main goals. First, it teaches members the skills necessary to satisfy basic human needs and to defend themselves against danger, thus ensuring that society itself will continue to exist. Second, socialization teaches individuals the norms, values, and beliefs associated with their culture and provides ways to ensure that members adhere to their shared way of life. Identify the scenarios as accomplishing either the first or second goal of socialization. schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves. Parents teach children how to eat food. Schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected. Peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable.

First Goal of Socialization schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves. Parents teach children how to eat food. Second Goal of Socialization Schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected. Peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable.

An employee at the local Department of Motor Vehicles puts in an eight-hour shift and then goes to a local bar and grill to celebrate a co-worker's birthday. What aspect of bureaucracy does this situation highlight? The individuals who make up a bureaucracy can turn off work as soon as their shift ends. Interpersonal interactions help humanize bureaucracies. Even people in the bureaucracy have to deal with other bureaucracies. Bureaucracies do not exist outside of work hours.

Interpersonal interactions help humanize bureaucracies.

Identify the following as either a primary or secondary group. a professional football team a married couple a close-knit group of adult friends who have been together since middle school a tailoring shop that makes bespoke (fully custom) suits for men

Primary Group a married couple a close-knit group of adult friends who have been together since middle school Secondary Group a professional football team a tailoring shop that makes bespoke (fully custom) suits for men

In the context of Charles Horton Cooley's theory of groups, classify each attribute as belonging to either primary or secondary groups. contingent membership ends in themselves enduring membership instrumental in purpose impersonal

Primary Groups ends in themselves enduring membership Secondary Groups instrumental in purpose impersonal contingent membership

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about sociobiology and the nature vs. nurture debate. Sociobiology is a branch of science that uses biology and evolution to explain __________. The basic nature vs. nurture debate has been tweaked by sociobiologists who suggest that genes and environment ____________ influence behavior. The latest work in this area suggests that ____________ can significantly alter the way a gene expresses itself. work separately social behavior interact social and environmental context genetic traits parental lineage

Social Behavior Interact social and environmental context

Identify the true and false statements about social media engagement and our social connections. No quantitative research has been conducted to examine how social media engagement influences social connections. Facebook users have fewer close relationships and higher levels of social support than users of other social media and nonusers. Users of social media are more connected than nonusers. Americans are no more or less lonely or detached from one another than they have ever been.

True Statement(s) No quantitative research has been conducted to examine how social media engagement influences social connections. Facebook users have fewer close relationships and higher levels of social support than users of other social media and nonusers. False Statement(s) Users of social media are more connected than nonusers. Americans are no more or less lonely or detached from one another than they have ever been.

Fill in the blanks to complete the following passage about loneliness and social media. Fourteen-year-old Janae feels depressed, and instead of going out with her friends on a Friday night, she stays in watching Netflix and checking social media. This behavior might make Janae feel __________________. According to researchers at the University of Chicago, when social media is used as an escape mechanism to avoid the social world, it can _______________________ feelings of loneliness (Nowland, Necka, and Cacioppo 2017). increase decrease worse have little impact on better

Worse increase

Match each type of authority to the correct definition. traditional authority charismatic authority legal-rational authority authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right authority based in laws, rules, and procedures authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader

authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right Correct label: traditional authority authority based in laws, rules, and procedures Correct label: legal-rational authority authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader Correct label: charismatic authority

Which theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization? structural functionalism symbolic interactionism conflict theory

conflict theory

Match each term to the correct definition. role strain role conflict status role

experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role role strain experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations role conflict a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations status the set of behaviors expected of someone because of his or her status role

Emotion work or emotional labor is the process of helping to manage the emotions of others in order to neutralize emotionally charged situations. T/F

false

Pablo comes from a low-income family, but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently, so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent. Which sociological concept best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others? the looking-glass self impression management the dual nature of the self psychoanalysis

impression management

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about power. Power is the ability to _____________________ the actions of others and if legitimated, provides ___________________. Power can be _____________ when it is backed by the threat of force, or _______________________ when it is supported by persuasion. authority coercive coerce control influential influence charisma

influence authority coercive influential

Louwanda Evans's book on emotional labor and flight attendants adds which dimension to Arlie Hochschild's original conception of emotional labor? gender race age sexuality

race

We often speak of ______ with our friends, yet this idea is only part of what sociologists mean by ________. Socialization is a twofold process. It includes the process by which a _______, culture, or group teaches individuals to become functioning members, and the process by which individuals learn and internalize the values and norms of the group. socializing socialization sociology society

socializing socialization society

Choose the answer that best completes the passage. In her best-selling book Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead, Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg encourages girls and women to aspire to leadership roles. Sandberg partnered with ____________ to launch the "ban bossy" campaign. Amazon the Girl Scouts Target Girls Who Code

the Girl Scouts

The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works. T/F

true

Match each quality to the correct group category based on Robert Merton's theory of group classification. laid back lazy snobbish classy out-group in-group

out-group lazy snobbish in-group laid back classy

Lana was always spoiled during her youth. As an only child, she was lavished with praise and gifts from her parents. Unfortunately, they died when Lana was in college, and since then, Lana has remained single and has made no close friends. Her contact with other family members is limited. By virtue of her limited group membership, which of these concepts is Lana is more likely to experience? anomie groupthink weak ties social loafing

Anomie

Which of the following are examples of role-taking emotions? You feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer. You feel embarrassed that you forgot your brother's birthday. You feel excited about the semester coming to an end. You feel hurt that your friend did not invite you to a party tonight.

Example(s) You feel sadness for your friend who has just lost her mother to cancer. You feel embarrassed that you forgot your brother's birthday. Not Example(s) You feel excited about the semester coming to an end. You feel hurt that your friend did not invite you to a party tonight.

Match each aspect of bureaucracy to the correct definition. impersonality technical competence hierarchy specialization In a bureaucracy, rules come before people; no individual receives special treatment. formal written communication rules and regulations All members of a bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks. All members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization. Documents such as memos (or e-mails) are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate. Bureaucracies always feature the supervision of subordinates by higher-ranking managers and bosses. These are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible.

In a bureaucracy, rules come before people; no individual receives special treatment. Correct label: impersonality All members of a bureaucracy are assigned specific roles and tasks. Correct label: specialization All members are expressly trained and qualified for their specific roles within the organization. Correct label: technical competence Documents such as memos (or e-mails) are the heart of the organization and the most effective way to communicate. Correct label: formal written communication Bureaucracies always feature the supervision of subordinates by higher-ranking managers and bosses. Correct label: hierarchy These are meant to make all operations as predictable as possible. Correct label: rules and regulations

Melissa is a student studying biology at the University of Michigan. She grew up in Michigan, in a nearby town. Identify each person as being a member of an in-group or out-group for Melissa. a history major at the University of Michigan her sister who is a student at Michigan State an Ohio State student who went to Melissa's rival high school in Michigan a current community college student with whom Melissa went to high school

In-Group a history major at the University of Michigan her sister who is a student at Michigan State a current community college student with whom Melissa went to high school Out-group an Ohio State student who went to Melissa's rival high school in Michigan

Consider how changes in the importance of different agents of socialization might occur over time within a society. Identify the following major agents of socialization as either more or less important to adolescents now than they were in the late 1800s. More Important Now the family schools the mass media peers

More Important the mass media schools peers Less Important The Family

Identify the statements as supporting either the nature or nurture side of the debate. Facing a competitive challenge causes testosterone levels to rise At the age of 12 months, both boys and girls prefer dolls over cars. By adulthood, the IQs of adopted siblings are no more similar to one another than to those of strangers. High levels of testosterone contribute to stereotypically masculine traits such as aggressiveness and competitiveness.

Nature By adulthood, the IQs of adopted siblings are no more similar to one another than to those of strangers. High levels of testosterone contribute to stereotypically masculine traits such as aggressiveness and competitiveness. Nurture Facing a competitive challenge causes testosterone levels to rise At the age of 12 months, both boys and girls prefer dolls over cars.

The story of Christopher Knight is an example of which sociological concept? dual nature of the self feral children looking-glass self Social isolation

Social isolation

Which of the following are examples of socialization? Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke. A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone. A passenger sits down on a subway car

Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke. A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table. A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone.

Identify the true and false statements about social media sites according to the statistics in the textbook. Every month, 1.1 billion people use Instagram. More than 2 billion tweets are sent on Twitter every day. Almost 70 percent of all adults use a social networking site. More than 8 billion people are active daily users of Facebook.

True Statement(s) Every month, 1.1 billion people use Instagram. Almost 70 percent of all adults use a social networking site. False Statement(s) More than 2 billion tweets are sent on Twitter every day. More than 8 billion people are active daily users of Facebook.

Jennifer's soccer league is quite large. It includes twelve teams, and each team has approximately fifteen members. Jennifer is very popular and has the most ties with individuals throughout the league. Which social network concept best describes Jennifer's situation? tie strength popularity contagion centrality

centrality

Which statements correctly describe "the strength of weak ties"? Weak ties eventually turn into strong ones. Weak ties provide access to valuable information. Weak ties provide benefits that strong ties do not. Weak ties reinforce strong ties. People tend to have more weak ties than strong ones.

correct Statement(s) Weak ties reinforce strong ties. Weak ties provide access to valuable information. Incorrect Statement(s) People tend to have more weak ties than strong ones. Weak ties provide benefits that strong ties do not.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage about groups. Drag word(s) below to fill in the blank(s) in the passage. The differences between a group and a __________ taking this course is whether the members identify with one another and whether interaction is temporary or permanent. A primary group consists of people such as _______________ taking this course, whereas a secondary group might consist of people such as ____________ taking this course. crowd family members students taking this course

crowd family members students taking this course

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage. Drag word(s) below to fill in the blank(s) in the passage. _________ statuses carry with them expectations that may blind people to other facets of our personalities. People quickly make assumptions about what women, Asians, doctors, or alcoholics are like and may judge them according to those expectations rather than their actual __________This kind of judgment, often referred to as __________, is looked upon as negative or destructive. master statuses achieved statuses attributes feeling rules stereotyping ascribed statuses

master statuses attributes stereotyping