Sociology 200 Exam

Theoretical Paradigm:

A set of fundamental assumptions about society that guides sociological thinking.

Which leader or organization relied on a "team of rivals" to challenge groupthink?

Abraham Lincoln

Sociology shapes social policy

Brown vs. board of education 1954 (supreme court decided it was unconstitutional that schools be segregated) Affordable Care Act (Obama Care)

Anomie

Describes alienation and loss of purpose from weaker social bonds & increased pace of change

Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) :

Moral Development

Kinds of conformity produced by social influence

Internalization Compliance Identification

Rebel

renounces society's approved goals and means entirely and instead works toward their own goals using new means

Retreatist

renounces societys approved goals and means entirely and lives outside the conventional norms altogether

Latent function

there are functions that necessarily in the beginning did not have /status.

Qualitative research:

uses nonnumerical data like texts, interviews, photos, and recordings to help us understand social life

Groupthink:

when a group has strong social bonds and the tendency of that group is to reinforce

Before a survey,

you use the scientific method:

A primary group

a group of close friends and family members who get together to watch SNL

Howard Becker

applied labeling theory to the question of how deviance begins

Erving Goffman

applied social interactionist theory to the dynamics of stigma

Emile Durkheim

group membership prevents a state of normlessness

Aspects of group dynamics

how groups form how groups disintergrate how groups change how groups achieve goals

Secondary groups

impersonal instrumental in purpose contingent membership

Deviance

is a behavior, trait, or, belief that departs from a norm and generates a negative reaction in a particular group.

An out-group

is a group that a person feels ^It Can Create "Us" vs "Them"

An in-group

is a group that a person identifies with and feels loyalty towards.

Labeling theory

is a symbolic interactionist perspective developed by Howard Becker. deviance is caused by external judgements (labels) that change a person's self- concept and the way in which others respond to that person

Culture shock

is personal disorientation when exposed to a different way of life.

A social network

is the web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people who may also affect the individual +.

Manifest Function

it's intended function

In- group

laid back and classy

Wright Mills

more modern and came up with the term socio He's the one who said he wanted people to have more of a sociological imagination

The Padaung

neck stretching

Ethnocentrism

occurs when people use their own culture as a standard to evaluate another group or individual, leading to the view that cultures other than their own are abnormal.

Emile Durkheim

offered a functionalist theory of deviance

Social dysfunction:

pollution, accidents.

Americans

breast augumentation

Ritualist

gives up on achieving society's approved goals but accepts the means to achieve those goals

In the United States, imprisonment was rare until...

the 19th century

Quantitative research

translates the social world into numbers that can be studied mathematically

Erving Goffman suggests there are three main types of stigma: physical, moral and...

tribal

Play Stage- Taking the Role of the Other

( I can perceive things from the perspective of someone else)

Karl Marx

Main author of social conflict theory and German philosopher and political activist

Correlation:

a relationship between two variables (they are related)

Theory:

a statement if how and why facts are related

Innovator

accepts society's approved goals but rejects the means to achieve those goals

A category

all of the people watching SNL on television last Saturday

Robert Putnam

Americans have drastically reduced their levels of civic engagement over time.

The way that the My Lai massacre ended during the Vietnam War is an example of...

Positive deviance

Why is Colin Kaepernick seen by some as a "deviant hero" ?

He accepted the consequences for kneeling during the National Anthem

Game stage- when you take the role of the generalized other

(the role of not just one person but several people, whole culture) what does the culture tell me is the way I should behave, what are the norms, the values?

The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social judgment.

False

August Comte

Founder of Sociology (1838)

Theories of the self

George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)

Emile Durkheim

One of the founders of sociology - What made him famous is his study of suicide

Who gets the sociological perspective?

People who are marginalized in a society People who live through large scale social crises

Stigma

Term coined by Ervin Goffman Describes any physical or social attribute that devalues a person or group's identity, which may exclude people who are devalued from normal social interaction.

Example of positive deviance

Rosa parks refusing to give up her seat to a white man

Brown vs. Blue eyes experiment

She's assuming that the blue eyed kids would react the way they would She is assuming that if one group can feel the way another group of people is experiencing then their actions will change.

Sherry Turkle

Societies value technology over relationships

Peter Berger

a 20th century sociologist "Seeing the general (patterns) in the particular.''

The Self as "I" and "Me"

The "I" side of us is the spontaneous, unsocialized self The "Me" is the objective, restrained, socialized self Example: The story of "The Wink" Lady winks at Professor Hall and he wants to wink back but he's married Others in the room know he's married (how will me be perceived?)

An aggregate

The audience at a taping of SNL

Social control theory

Theory developed by Travis Hirschi to explain crime

True statements about deviance

What is considered deviant can change over time What is considered deviant can vary across different cultures

Brazilians

butt augmentation

Self-fufilling prophecy

coined by Robert Merton

Which theoretical perspective would suggest that group memberships are used to separate and differentially treat individuals on the basis of their categorization?

conflict theory

Robert Merton

developed strain theory as a functionalist account of social deviance

August Landmesser (1910-1944)

deviance example: He lived through world war 2 He joined the nazi party in 1931 because he thought it would help him get employed Did a deviant thing and married a jewish woman named Irma Eckler (deviant)

Primary Groups

ends in themselves enduring memberships

Rites of Passage:

in order for us to increase "in-group" cohesion, rituals are created to darken the boundaries between my group and other groups, to create a new identity, new norms (examples: barmittzpha's, rituals like men having sexual relationship with young boy a long time ago)

The Suri

inserting plates to enlarge the lower lip

Out-group

snobbish and lazy

According to Erving Goffman, when one is labeled a deviant and experiences stigma, what does that individual acquire?

spoiled identity

Erving Goffman

studied how the self is developed through interactions with others in society. used the term dramaturgy

George Herbert Mead:

suggested that social processes give meaning to objects in our society: people interact, and meanings come from these interactions.

Culture:

the beliefs, values, behavior, and material objects that define a people's way of life.

A secondary group

the cast members of SNL