sociology ch 1

Finish the statement: Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society's population....

... may not be functional for another category

How does sociology help us?

Address common sense see opportunities and constraints empowers us to participate in society helps us live in a diverse world

What is androcentricity?

Approaching the subject from a male perspective

who coined the term sociology

Comte

T/F People of all races and class positions have had the same opportunities to participate in sports

Flase

Which early sociologist claimed that his goal was not to simply understand society but to change is?

Karl Marx

What is Weber's concept of Verstehen?

Observe what people do, share in their world of meaning, appreciate why they act as they do

Three ways to do sociology

Positivist- scientific interpretive- discover meanings people attach to things critical- focuses on need for social change

Read the four statements below. Which of them is NOT found within the ASA's guidelines for ethical research?

Researchers must always perform their research several times in oder to ensure its accuracy

Who was the US sociologist who pointed out the difference between the manifest functions and the latent functions of social patterns?

Robert K. Merton

What is the sociological perspective?

Seeing general patterns in the way that people live their particular lives

What are the three approaches to sociology?

Structural-functional- how things work together social-conflict- sees society as inequality symbolic-interaction- how social structures shape society

T/F In the United States, men have a higher suicide rate than women

True

T/F The identify cause-and-effect relationships, it is usually necessary to exercise experimental control of variables

True

T/F The use of existing data and documents, called secondary analysis, makes most historical research possible

True

T/F US sociologist C. Wright Mills argued that times of social crisis encourage widespread sociological thinking

True

T/F W.E.B. Du Bois, who wrote a classic study of the African American community in Philadelphia in Philadelphia, made use of the social-conflict approach

True

T/F William Foote Whyte, who studies a community he called "Cornerville," found that "breaking in" to the community was one of the hardest parts of doing the research

True

What did C. Wright Mills say?

Using the sociological imagination helps people understand their society and how it affects their own lives

Which US Sociologist studied the African American community and served as a founding member of the NAACP?

W.E.B. Du Bois

Which US sociologist studies the African American community and served as a founding member of the NAACP

WEB du Bois

Which early US sociologist earned the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?

WEB du Bois

Critical sociology can best be described as a activist/scientific/qualitative/value-free approach

activist

3. What happens in the rest of the world ________ life here in the US

affects

How can gender affect sociological research (5)?

androcentricity, over-generalizing, gender blindness, double standards, and interference

If you have been criticized for "androcentricity" in your research, you have

approached the subject from a male perspective

Historically, the sociological perspective was most likely to develop in:

countries experiencing rapid social changes

What did Robert K. Merton do?

expanded understanding of social function- any social structures have many functions (manifest and latent)

Three ways to research

experiment survey participant observation data collected by others

T/F A sociologist should never use data collected by any other person or organization

false

T/F According to sociologists, human behavior is the product of "free will"

false

T/F In 1838, Emile Durkheim coined the term sociology

false

T/F Philip Zimbardo conducted an experiment that supported the idea that "violent prisoners make prisons violent

false

T/F Positivist researchers typically think of themselves as activists

false

T/F in 1838, Emile Durkheim coined the term "sociology"

false

What did Lillian Rubin study?

high-income women: men be sensitive, talk readily low-income women: men don't drink too much, aren't violent, held steady jobs

the social conflict analysis of sports might emphasize

how sports reflect social inequality

A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it

ignores how structural factors such as class affect people's experiences

What things led to the creation of sociology?

industrial economy growth of cities political change awareness of society

What is a criticism of the structural-functional approach?

it ignore inequality that can generate tension and conflict

Global perspective: 1. Where we _____ shapes where we _____

live, lead

The recognized and intended consequences of a social patterns are referred to as

manifest functions

By what process does a researcher determine the value of a variable

measurement

A country in which avg income is typical for the world as a whole, and in which people are as likely to live in a rural area as in an urban area, would fall into the category of

middle-income nations

What is Comte's approach called?

positivism

What did Durkheim study?

suicide rates; higher rate among white men, reflecting wealth and freedom

What research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?

survey

Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?

survey

What sociological approach does this question apply to: How do individual people experience society?

symbolic-interaction

What does an experiment involve?

testing a hypothesis, variables

What is social integration?

the degree to which people are tied to their social group

Which theoretical approach leads us to see society as orderly and stable?

the structural-functional approach

what is sociology?

the systematic study of human society

What are the three stages of sociology according to Comte?

theological- society expressed God's will metaphysical- society is natural scientific- apply science to study of society

What approach is a basic image of society that guides thinking and research?

theoretical apprach

If we state that children raised in single-parent families are at a high risk of being single parents themselves, we have constructed a ________ of family life

theory

Two variables are said to display correlation if

they vary together

T/F Ancient philosophers such as Plato were mostly interested in imagining the "ideal" society rather than studying society as it really is

true

T/F Critical sociology seeks to increase social equality

true

T/F Making use of the sociological perspective encourages challenging commonly held beliefs

true

T/F In the US, African Americans have a higher suicide rate than whites

False

T/F People of all races and class positions have had the same opportunities to participate in sports

False

T/F Philip Zimbardo conducted an experiment that supported the idea that "violent prisoners make prisons violent"

False

T/F W.E.B Du Bois translated the writings of Comte from latin into english

False

Which early sociologist made a mark for herself by studying the evils of slavery and also translating the writings of Auguste Comte?

Harriet Martineau

Who was the pioneering sociologist who founded Hull House to assist immigrants?

Jane Addams

T/F Critical sociology both studies society and tries to bring about social change.

True

T/F Robert K. Merton said that social patterns have much the same effect on all members of a society

false

T/F The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes believed that society reflected the basic goodness of human nature

false

2. Societies throughout the world are increasingly _______________

interconnected

What are the types of surveys?

interview, questionnaire

Building social relationships would be a ____ of sports

latent function

What two things help to see sociologically?

living on the margins times of crisis

Robert Merton explained that what is functional for one category of a society's population

may not be functional for another category

5. Thinking globally helps us learn more about _________

ourselves

Drawing conclusions about all of humanity based on information drawn only from males describes the problem called

overgeneralization

The social conflict approach draws attention to

patterns of social inequality

Positivist sociology favors quantitative/qualitative data?

quantitative

What are manifest functions?

recognized and intended consequences of social patterns

What is a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation

science

4. Many problems we face in the US are more _______ elsewhere

serious

What are the strengths and weaknesses of participant observation?

stength- personal, can get profound insight weakness- falls short of scientific standards (impressions of researcher)

True or False? One consequence of living in a low-income country for women is, on average, having more children than women living in high-income nations.

true

Which of the following topics illustrates a micro-level focus?

two airplane passengers getting to know one another

What are latent functions?

unrecognized and unintended consequences of social patterns

Studying the meaning people attach to their everyday lives is the search for _________ data

verstehen

What are descriptive statistics and types?

what is "average" for a large population mean, median, mode

In the US today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following categories of people?

white males