Sociology Chapter 21 Review

Which of the following is an example of collective behavior?

A group of people interested in hearing an author speak

According to emergent-norm theory, crowds are:

Able to develop their own definition of the situation

The protesters at the Egypt uprising rally were:

An acting crowd

When sociologists think about technology as an agent of social change, which of the following is an example?

Medical advances, the internet, and genetically engineered food

China is undergoing a shift in industry, increasing labor specialization and the amount of differentiation present in the social structure. This exemplifies:

Modernization

If we divide social movements according to their positions among all social movements in society, we are using the ____ theory to understand social movements.

Resource mobilization

While PETA is a social movement organization, take together, the animal rights social movement organization PETA, ALF, and Greenpeace are a ______.

Social movement industry

When the League of Women Voters successfully achieved its goal of women being allowed to vote, they had to undergo frame _____, a means of completely changing their goals to ensure continuing relevance.

Transformation

Sociologists using conflict perspective might study what?

What motivates inequitably treated people to join a movement

value-added theory

a functionalist perspective theory that posits that several preconditions must be in place for collective behavior to occur

flash mob

a large group of people who gather together in a spontaneous activity that lasts a limited amount of time

collective behavior

a noninstitutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage

emergent norm theory

a perspective that emphasizes the importance of social norms in crowd behavior

diagnostic framing

a the social problem that is stated in a clear, easily understood manner

new social movement theory

a theory that attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements that are difficult to understand using traditional social movement theories

public

an unorganized, relatively diffuse group of people who share ideas

acting crowds

crowds of people who are focused on a specific action or goal

expressive crowds

crowds who share opportunities to express emotions

reform movements

movements that seek to change something specific about the social structure

revolutionary movements

movements that seek to completely change every aspect of society

religious/redemptive movements

movements that work to promote inner change or spiritual growth in individuals

NGO

nongovernmental organizations working globally for numerous humanitarian and environmental causes

social movement industry

the collection of the social movement organizations that are striving toward similar goals

social movement sector

the multiple social movement industries in a society, even if they have widely varying constituents and goals

crowdsourcing

the process of obtaining needed services, ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of people

modernization

the process that increases the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies

Which of the following organizations is not an example of a social movement?

National football league

A boy throwing rocks during a demonstration might be an example of _______.

Precipitating factors

Core nations that work to propel peripheral nations toward modernization need to be aware of:

Preserving peripheral nation cultural identity, preparing for pitfalls that come with modernization, and avoiding hegemonistic assumptions about modernization

If a movement claims that the best way to reverse climate change is to reduce carbon emissions by outlawing privately owned cars, "outlawing cars" is the _____.

Prognostic framing

Social movements are:

The collective action of individuals working together in an attempt to establish new norm beliefs, or values

Children in peripheral nations have little to no daily access to computers and the internet, while children in core nations are constantly exposed to this technology. This is an example of:

The digital divide

In addition to social movements, social change is also caused by technology, social institutions, population, and _________.

The environment

motivational framing

a call to action

crowd

a fairly large number of people who share close proximity

social movement

a purposeful organized group hoping to work toward a common social goal

mass

a relatively large group with a common interest, even if they may not be in close proximity

social movement organization

a single social movement group

assembling perspective

a theory that credits individuals in crowds as behaving as rational thinkers and views crowds as engaging in purposeful behavior and collective action

resource mobilization theory

a theory that explains social movements' success in terms of their ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals

conventional crowds

people who come together for a regularly scheduled event

casual crowds

people who share close proximity without really interacting

alternative movements

social movements that limit themselves to self-improvement changes in individuals

prognostic framing

social movements that state a clear solution and a means of implementation

social change

the change in a society created through social movements as well as through external factors like environmental shifts or technological innovations

resistance movements

those who seek to prevent or undo change to the social structure

frame alignment process

using bridging, amplification, extension, and transformation as an ongoing and intentional means of recruiting participants to a movement