Sociology Chapter 3 & 4 Quiz

What do sociologists call informal rules and guidelines for behavior that are considered acceptable within a group?

Folkways

Which of the following is an example of something that would be part of a person's symbolic culture?

belonging to a political party

Karen thinks that religion is used by powerful people and institutions to control the public. What perspective best describes Karen's views?

conflict theory

In the article "Jihad vs. McWorld," Benjamin R. Barber points out that "in November of 1991 Switzerland's once insular culture boasted best-seller lists featuring Terminator 2 as the #1 movie, Scarlett as the #1 book, and Prince's Diamonds and Pearls as the #1 record album." Many people worry that the prominence of American culture goes beyond the media and represents the wholesale imposition of American values on other cultures, which is a process called

cultural imperialism

Conflicts within mainstream society about which values and norms should be upheld or shifted are called

culture wars

A man is listening to loud music and singing along in public. The people around him glare and frown at him, hoping that he will stop. The man ignores them, indicating that he

doesn't seem to care about negative sanctions

The famous anthropologist Margaret Mead said that the United States of America is the best place to raise a female child. Her assertion is an example of

ethnocentrism

The tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called

ethnocentrism

Which term describes a policy of honoring diverse racial, ethnic, national, and linguistic backgrounds?

multiculturalism

________ occurs when the dominant culture succeeds in imposing its values and ideas on all of society.

Hegemony

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, some people placed signs with crudely painted skeletons holding cell phones near roadways, usually facing freeway ramps. These signs indicated disapproval of using cell phones while driving, a practice some states have now made illegal. As a result of this social movement

an informal norm has become a law.

What is the sociological term for signs people make with their bodies?

gestures

What has been achieved when the dominant culture, without the use of force, persuades the rest of society that its beliefs and values are the only or best values?

hegemony

Sociologists refer to the norms and values that people aspire to as ________ culture.

ideal

When Barack Obama's approval ratings were high, polls found that a larger number of people claimed to have voted for him than actually did vote for him. Historians report that the percentage of people who remember voting for any president rises and falls with the president's approval ratings, perhaps because more people believe that they should have voted differently. This belief is an example of

ideal culture

Which of the following is an example of a taboo in American society?

incest

Coca-Cola was first marketed in the 1860s as a patient medicine, designed to offer the energy boost of cocaine without the vices of alcohol. The new beverage was invigorating and popular. Today, however, cocaine is not just banned but widely demonized. This is an example of

mainstream culture once approving of behaviors that are now considered deviant.

Designer labels on purses and logos on shirts are both examples of

material culture

The slogan "what happens in Vegas, stays in Vegas" is an example of

moral holiday

Alejandra believes that religion is the basis for good values and that promoting religion in society promotes social order. What perspective best describes Alejandra's views?

structural functionalism

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture is called a

subculture

Despite the fact that people snack on grasshoppers and crickets in Thailand, many people in the United States express disgust at the idea. This suggests that, in the United States, eating insects is a

taboo

Unlike folkways, mores are closely related to

the core values of a group

Many American colleges and universities require students to take classes on non-Western cultures. Why do these requirements exist?

to demonstrate the value of multiculturalism and to reduce ethnocentrism