Sociology Chapter 3

Which pair of concepts consists of two direct opposites?

Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism

Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible.

False

What cultural concept correctly classifies the idea of equality in the United States?

ideal culture

Most large retailers such as Target, H&M, and Old Navy carry similar clothing styles, and thus there is not extreme variation in what most Americans wear. Which sociological concept best explains this phenomenon?

Hegemony

Which of the following statements accurately describes culture?

Accurate Answers: Culture includes both symbolic and material elements. Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world. Culture is handed down from generation to generation. Inaccurate Answers: Culture is second nature.

Any physical object that has social meaning can be considered a part of material culture.

True

According to the textbook, which counterculture group does the FBI consider as one of the greatest threats to law enforcement in the United States?

the "militia movement"

Which of the following statements accurately describes the ways that sociologists focus on culture?

Accurate Descriptions: Sociologists often focus on culture within their own society. Sociologists may engage in the process of "othering" by studying the unusual, extraordinary, or deviant in cultural groups. Inaccurate Descriptions: Sociologists study the cultures of the past, digging for artifacts that document the historical realities of peoples long dead. Sociologists often investigate societies outside the United States, traveling around the world engaging in empirical fieldwork.

Which of the following is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

An indigenous people have no equivalent words for planet, Earth, or world. They do not view a macro picture of multiple planets.

The increased use of Facebook, Twitter, and other social media by terrorist organizations in other countries to recruit new members is an example of what cultural phenomenon?

Cultural Diffusion

Which of the following are examples of cultural diffusion?

Cultural Diffusion: the spread of anime programs like Dragon Ball airing in the United States during the last two decades the spread of hip-hop music among white youth Not Cultural Diffusion: the dominance of Tim Hortons coffee and doughnut shops in Canada the growing number of Starbucks locations in the United States

What is one of the main points of Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema"?

It is easy to take one's own culture for granted

Identify some of the shared and differing values of Americans, according to the textbook.

Shared Values: Freedom Democracy Differing Values: Individualism Humanitarianism

Identify the subculture and counterculture groups.

Subculture's: comic book fans marathon runners Counterculture's: political activists hackers