Sociology Chapter 7 Quiz

_______ refers to the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" or learn from their parents, which help them achieve material success in life.

Cultural capital

_______ was the system of social stratification in the final stages of breaking down when Karl Marx developed his ideas.

Feudalism

_______ is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit.

Meritocracy

_______ is a system of stratification commonly used in modern capitalist societies.

Social class

What term describes the tendency to choose romantic partners based on similarities in background and group membership?

homogamy

The criteria used by a social class system to stratify its members include

property, power, and prestige.

The practice of refusing mortgages for houses in poor and minority neighborhoods is called:

redlining.

Pierre Bourdieu studied ______, which is the tendency of social class to be passed down from one generation to the next and consequently remain relatively stable over time.

social reproduction

The school of social thought that insists all social structures, including systems of stratification, are built out of everyday interactions is called

symbolic interactionism.

What sort of social mobility often results from losing a job?

vertical

Which of the following is an example of cultural capital?

not inheriting large sum of money from relative, keeping up with pop culture references

Poverty can be defined in either relative or absolute terms. How is poverty defined according to relative deprivation?

by comparing the poor with more affluent members of society

Over 40 million people are estimated to be trapped in some form of modern slavery. Which of the following is true about social stratification under a system of slavery?

Enslaved people occupy the lowest rank in the social hierarchy.

Social stratification is best defined as:

Inequalities among different groups of people that are part of the structure of society.

Which is true of social mobility in a caste system?

There is virtually no chance of social mobility.

A conflict theorist would assert the following about class and society:

Wealth and privilege are concentrated among a small group of capitalists who exploit workers.

Oscar Lewis was the first to suggest that the poor develop a way of life with fundamentally different values and goals because they are excluded from mainstream social life. Consequently, they are much less likely to join the middle class. This way of life is usually called

the culture of poverty.

Which system of social stratification is apartheid an example of?

caste

What is the movement called that encourages people to work less, consume less, and generally "downshift" their lifestyles?

the simplicity movement

What does Karl Marx call it when individuals fail to see the ways in which they are oppressed by the social system in which they live?

false consciousness

What do sociologists call it when large numbers of people move up or down the social class ladder as a result of changes to society as a whole?

structural mobility