Sociology Chapter 7

an ABSOLUTE objective measure of poverty that is defined by the inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or health care. A

Absolute deprivation

the term for the system of segregation of racial and ethnic groups that was legal in South Africa between 1948 and 1991. APD

Apartheid

(or bourgeoisie), who owned the means of productionC

Capitalist

a system of form of social stratification in which status is determined by one's family history and background and cannot be changed. CASY

Caste system

SYSTEM one in which there is very little opportunity to move from one class to another.

Closed system

which helps us to gain advantages in society and either helps or hinders us as we become adults CC

Cultural Capital

We call entrenched attitudes that can develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept their fate cp

Culture of poverty

Who pointed out, our clothing, speech, gestures, possessions, friends, and activities provide information about our socioeconomic status. EG

Erving Gaufman

T or F In America, all citizens have equal chances of obtaining significant wealth during their lifetime.

False

T or f General predictions can often be made about a person's life chances based on their socioeconomic status. In general, people of lower socioeconomic status are less likely to encounter the criminal justice system.

False

the occupational movement of individuals or groups within a social class ACROSS.

Horizontal social mobility

is the movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next. ER

Intergenerational mobility

is the movement between social classes that occurs over the course of an individual's lifetime. RA

Intragenerational mobility

Who believed in bourgeoisie and proletariat and believed that the classes would remain divided and social inequality would grow KM

Karl Marx

Who offered a similar model that also included cultural factors and argued that class status was made of three components: Wealth (or privilege),Power,Prestige and not mmoral

Max Weber

SYSTEM one with ample opportunities to move from one class to another

Open System

Who attempted to explain social reproduction, the tendency for social-class status to be passed down from one generation to the next. PB

Pierre Bourdieu

is a RELATIVE measure of poverty based on the standards of living.

Relative deprivation

the most extreme form of social stratification and is based on the legal ownership of people

Slavery

the movement of individuals or groups within the hierarchical system of social classes.

Social Mobility

Social inequality is the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society. INE

Social inequality

The tendency of social classes to remain relatively stable as social class status is passed down from one generation to the next is called SR

Social reproduction

the division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Stat

Social stratification

Consider the three major theoretical perspectives routinely explored throughout the text. Which theorist explores the ways in which poverty serves a purpose in our society by providing jobs to many people in the social service sector? SF

Structural Functionalist

examine the way we use status differences to categorize ourselves and others. SYIN

Symbolic interaction

T OR F Every society has some form of stratification.

TRUE

the movement between social classes and, depending on the direction, is often called either upward mobility or downward mobility

Vertical social mobility

In America, all citizens have equal chances of obtaining significant wealth during their lifetime. WM

White male

(or proletariat), who sold their labor for wagesW

Workers

Social class refers to what

a system of stratification based on access to resources such as wealth, property, power, and prestige.

Structural Mobility refers to what

changes in the social status of large numbers of people due to structural changes in society. STR MOB

The American dream ideology

explains and justifies our social system, but it has been criticized for legitimizing stratification by implying that everyone has the same opportunity to get ahead

Culture of poverty refers to atti

learned attitudes that can develop among poor communities and lead the poor to accept their fate rather than attempt to improve their situation.

SOCIOlogists refers social class as

socioeconomic status

Working lower middle class refers to what 30 less

•"Blue-collar" or service industry workers •Less likely to have college degrees •Make up about 30% of the U.S. population

Middle class consists of what30

•"White-collar" workers •Have a broad range of incomes •Make up about 30% of the U.S. population

Lower class consists of what 20

•Many poor people, who typically have lower levels of literacy than other classes •Make up about 20% of the U.S. population

What best describes the upper middle class 14

•Professionals and managers •Make up about 14% of the U.S. population

What best describes the upper class 1

•Wealthiest people in a class system •Make up about 1% of the U.S. population •Possess most of the wealth of the country