Sociology Chapter 8: Inquizative homework

- Consumers should be free - Business should be free from Government regulation.

A politician advocates for an economic policy proposal. Select the bold phrases that represent neoliberal ideals. You should support this proposal because it advances freedom! Consumers should be free to choose goods and services, and businesses should be free from government regulation. Government should exercise its own freedom, of course, by freely regulating wages and worker safety.

Nine, Asia and the pacific, sub-Saharan Africa

According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (2019), about one in - people in the world suffer from chronic hunger. More than half the world's hungry are found in - approximately one-quarter are in.

1. Core 2. periphery 3. semiperiphery 4. core 5. Periphery

According to world-systems theory, _______ countries include the most economically developed countries, and they profit off of the countries, which are typically very low-income and agricultural. The _______ are somewhat controlled by the _______, but also exploit _______ countries for gain.

Dependency theories

Argues that strong government intervention can assist poor nations in building their economy

civil war

Around the world, hunger is the result of a combination of natural and social forces. Which is a major factor contributing to famine and severe hunger in South Sudan?

False

Between 1998 and 2018, the child mortality rate in low-income countries rose.

Dependency theory

Blames the poverty of poor nations on exploitation by wealthy nations

Neoliberal theory

Blames the poverty of poor nations on shared cultural values

Governments in high-income countries protect pharmaceutical companies that charge high prices for medication and try to block attempts to sell generic drugs at a lower cost.

Dependency Theories

emphasizes how wealthy nations have exploited poor ones

Dependency theories

Core, Periphery, Karl Marx

Dependency theories focus on exploitative relations between nations. More advanced industrial countries are defined as core in the world economy. Low-income, largely agricultural countries comprise a global economic periphery. Dependency theories are grounded in the social theories of Karl Marx.

-The percentage of children in lower-middle-income countries engaged in child labor -The percentage of children in low-income countries engaged in child labor. - The percentage of women over the age of fifteen who are able to read and write in low-income countries - The percentage of men over the age of fifteen who are able to read and write in low-income countries. - The percentage of men and women over the age of fifteen who are able to read and write in high-income countries.

Education and literacy are important routes to economic development, but in many places children work long hours. Place the following in order from lowest to highest percentage.

Parents leave rural areas to find work in cities, leaving children with grandparents

Eight-year-old Wang Fuman walked three miles to school in freezing snow. He is called a "left behind" child of China. What does "left behind" mean?

Low-wage workers in low-income countries do not have the money to invest in health, thus contributing to health inequality.

Global Capitalism Theory

Focuses on the transnational capitalist class whose business concerns are global Emphasizes the role of business decisions over the role of workers or governments

Global capitalism theory

16, 1.2 billion, 63

High-income countries are home to - percent of the world's population, or about - people, yet they lay claim to - percent of the world's annual output.

The technology gap is both a consequence of inequality and serves to reinforce it

How is the "technology gap" related to global inequality?

Nine, Declined, 2015

Hunger and malnutrition are major global sources of poor health. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that some 822 million people worldwide, or roughly one in - are chronically undernourished. The number of chronically undernourished people has - over the past decade, but since -researchers notice a change in this trend.

Accurate: -World's Poor Least Able to Cope with Effects of Climate Change -Climate Change Alters Food and Water Supply, Exposing State Failures -Coastal Flooding Sparks Civil Strife

Identify the newspaper headlines that accurately convey the connection between climate change and global inequality.

Possible: India, whose population size and manufacturing industries represent strengths, despite widespread poverty and the controlling influence of Western corporations over most manufacturing in the country Mexico, whose economy has grown despite continuing to rely on the United States for economic and trade support.

Identify the scenarios in which dependent development would or would not be possible.

Points of limitations: Economies include work that is illegal, informal, or "off the books." Many people in low-income countries produce for themselves, or barter. In addition to an economy, a country also needs education and health care.

Identify whether or not each sociological observation points to the limitations of strictly economic measures of global inequality.

Accurate: More men than women are literate Less than 75 percent of people over age fifteen are literate. Not accurate: A relatively large percentage of national income is spent on education. About two-thirds of the children attend secondary school.

Identify whether or not each statement about education in low-income countries is accurate.

Member of the Transnational capitalist class: -the accountant for a transnational corporation -the CEO of a transnational corporation

Identify whether or not sociologist Leslie Sklair would categorize the following people as belonging to the transnational capitalist class.

South Korea, Emerging

Low-income countries that have experienced rapid economic growth, such as - , are known as - economies

People in low-income countries do not value health and education as much as people in high-income countries do.

Market-Oriented Theories

blames the poverty of poor nations on traditional cultural values sees government regulations as an impediment to a strong economy

Neoliberal Theories

Neoliberal Theory

Sees government regulations as an impediment to a strong economy

Shared among the United States, Europe, and Asia.

Select the bold phrases that represent predictions that a world-systems theorist would likely make. In the future, the United States' economy is likely to remain globally dominant, thanks to its commitment to neoliberal policies. It is also possible that economic power could be shared among the United States, Europe, and Asia. Or perhaps a "multipolar" world would see economic power distributed between the northernmost and southernmost countries. Show Clickable Areas

30, 6, Intersectional

The demeaning, demoralizing, and even dangerous treatment of women in almost every industry may partly explain why women account for less than ---- percent of all senior officers and only ---- percent of CEOs in finance, lower rates than in other industries. The challenges women face in wealthy Western nations vary markedly from those of women in the Global South, which is why sociologists use a(n) ---- perspective to understand how women's multiple identities and social locations shape their experiences.

Global dominance is no longer exercised by states, but rather by the transnational capitalist class.

Which statement distinguishes the theory of global capitalism from the other theories of globalization?

Economic relations between higher-income and lower-income countries contribute to poverty in low-income nations. This poverty is particularly deep in nations without strong governments.

World-Systems Theory

World-systems theory

argues that nations can slowly move from less to more—or more to less—powerful positions in the world economy

World-systems theory

divides nations into core, periphery, and semiperiphery