Sociology - Dr Blowers - NNU

Which metaphor for the media's reach does sociologist Todd Gitlin consider more apt than "global village?" A. global torrent B. global wave C. global city D. global quagmire

A

Which of the following is considered a cultural universal? A. athletic sports B. war C. money restrictions D. none of these

A

Which of the following statements about slavery is true? A. It is considered the most extreme form of social inequality B. The only recorded examples of slavery occurred in the US and in ancient Greece C. Slavery was considered a permanent status in ancient Greece D. Slavery in the US was considered an achieved status

A

Which of the following terms is used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales to refer to concern for the maintenance of harmony and the internal emotional affairs of the family? A. expressiveness B. identification C. instrumentality D. gender roles

A

Which of the following terms refers to the phenomenon whereby massive amounts of coverage result in the audience becoming numb and failing to act on the information regardless of how compelling the issue was presented? A. narcotizing dysfunction B. surveillance function C. gatekeeping D. none of these

A

Which of the following would be an example of men traditionally "doing masculinity?" A. opening a door for a female B. styling hair C. feeding a baby D. crying in public

A

Which perspective suggests that men may originally have become powerful in pre-industrial times because of their size, physical strength, and freedom from childbearing duties, allowing them to dominate women physically, which is considered less important in contemporary societies. A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

A

General customs and practices that are found in every culture are called A. cultural integration B. cultural diffusion C. cultural universals D. cultural relativism

C

In Australia, when Aborigines become part of the dominant society but then refuse to acknowledge their darker-skinned grandparents on the street, they are practicing the process of: A. amalgamation B. labeling C. assimilation D. exploitation

C

In Gerhard Lenski's view, societal organization is highly dependent on its level of A. farming B. education C. technology D. banking

C

In the US, professional gamblers, Armenian Americans, teenagers, and nudists are all examples of A. cultures B. countercultures C. subcultures D. contracultures

C

In the nature versus nurture debate, which position do social scientists take? A. Environmental factors are more important than biological inheritance in human development B. Biological inheritance is more important than environmental factors in human development C. It is the interaction between environmental factors and biological inheritance that is important in human development D. Biological factors are irrelevant in human development

C

Karl Marx used the term "proletariat" to refer to A. the capitalist class B. the owners of the means of production C. the working class D. the middle class

C

Max Weber referred to people's opportunities to provide themselves with material goods, positive living conditions, and favorable experiences as A. power B. wealth C. life chances D. status

C

Prestige refers to the A. reputation that a particular individual has within an occupation B. ability to exercise one's will over others C. respect and admiration with which an occupation is regarded by society D. people who have similar levels of wealth and income

C

Rites of passage are A. gestures, objects, and language that form the basis of human communication B. stressful periods of self-evaluation, often occurring between 35 and 50 years of age C. rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another D. expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities, of males and females

C

Social interaction is A. the process of learning norms, values, beliefs, and other requirements for effective participation in social groups B. the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships C. the ways in which people respond to one another D. a series of relationships linking a person directly to others and therefore indirectly to still more people

C

The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another, thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint is known as A. role strain B. resocialization C. face-work D. role taking

D

The term "screen time" refers to the amount of time people spend A. watching TV B. playing video games C. on the internet D. all of these

D

The world systems analysis is A. Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India B. Erving Goffman's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another C. Talcott Parson's view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability D. Immanuel Wallerstein's view of the global economic system as divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited

D

"Sanctions" are defined as A. penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm B. justifications for deviant behavior C. rules made by a government D. a loss of direction when the social control of individual behavior has become ineffective

A

A(n) _______ is any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who regularly and consciously interact. A. group B. negotiation team C. organic solidarity D. aggregate

A

According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self, the preparatory stage occurs A. when children imitate the people around them, particulalry family members B. when children become able to pretend to be other people C. when children grasp not only their own social positions but also those of others around them D. when we observe ourselves through a looking-glass self

A

According to world systems anaylsis, a core nation is a nation that A. along with its multinational corporations controls and exploits noncore nations B. has a marginal economic status C. is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations D. none of these

A

Amalgamation refers to the process of A. combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group B. expelling a group of people from a territory C. deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation D. forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture

A

An 83-year-old woman is placed at a small table in a dark corner of a trendy nightclub and is ignored by the staff. Her shoddy treatment is probably due to her age, which is a(n) ______ status. A. ascribed b. achieved c. horizontal D. structural

A

An achieved status is a social position A. attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts B. "assigned" to a person by society without regard the person's unique talents or characteristics C. assigned to an individual at birth D. given to an individual based upon his or her age, race, or gender

A

As children grow older, their peer groups become more and more important relative to the influence of A. the family B. the state C. religion D. the mass media

A

Clyde is arrested for "tagging" or "visual terrorism." The arrest is an example of a(n) A. formal sanction B. value C. informal sanction D. norm

A

Colonialism is defined as A. the maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period B. an approach which contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain C. the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies D. none of these

A

Crime is a violation of A. criminal law for which formal penalties are applied by some governmental authority B. societal standards and is punished with informal sanctions C. criminal law the goes unnoticed by authorities D. folkways

A

Ethnocentrism is the tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life represent the norm or are superior to all others. This observation would best reflect which sociological perspective? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

A

Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Spanish-American War C. the Great Depression D. World War II

A

Harry Harlow's research with rhesus monkeys indicated that A. early childhood deprivation could always be reversed with intense resocialization B. social isolation had a damaging effect on the monkeys C. there was no comparison between the development of the monkeys and human developpment D. midlife deprivation was more serious than early childhood deprivation

A

Institutional discrimination is the A. denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals or groups that results from the normal operations of society B. belief that individuals or groups should be denied equal rights and opportunities C. stereotyping of people who work in public or private institutions D. establishment of laws that intentionally deny opportunities and equal rights to members of minority groups

A

Invention is A. the combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist B. the process of introducing new elements into a culture C. the process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality D. the process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or society to society

A

People, organizations, and public issues appearing regularly on the covers of prominent magazines is a method used to A. confer status B. celebrate events C. provide fortune D. promote objectivity in reporting

A

The conflict view holds that social institutions A. maintain the privileges of the powerful individuals and groups within a society B. preserve order and equality C. train personnel equitably D. provide and maintain a sense of basic fairness

A

The continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries is called A. neocolonialism B. colonialism C. a world system D. recolonization

A

The hijab is A. the type of head scarf worn by Muslim women B. a form of prayer among Muslims C. the type of pants worn by Muslim men D. a traditional Muslim food

A

The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as A. culture B. society C. socialization D. social structure

A

The use of the principle of race neutrality to defend a racially unequal status quo is referred to A. color-blind racism B. prejudice C. discriminatory racism D. none of these

A

What term do we use to refer to the flow of content across multiple media and the accompanying migration of media audiences? A. cultural convergence B. digital divide C. culture gap D. information superhighway

A

Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints? A. Sigmund Freud B. Harry Harlow C. Charles Horton Cooley D. George Herbert Mead

A

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that societies literally could not operate if massive numbers of people defied standards of appropriate conduct? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

A

Which sociological perspective would likely contend that the role of the mass media is to provide socialization, enforce social norms through public events, and create social stability and cohesion through collective experiences? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

A

Which sociologist maintained that a person's position in a stratification system reflects some combination of their class, status, and power? A. Max Weber B. Ralf Dahrendorf C. Gerhard Lenski D. Karl Marx

A

Which term is used by Karl Marx to refer to the capitalist class that owns the means of production? A. bourgeoisie B. proletariat C. peasantry D. oligarchy

A

Which term is used by sociologists to refer to a set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status? A. social role B. structural role C. achieved role D. ascribed role

A

Which term is used to refer to a person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior? A. personality B. social promotion C. socialization D. human nature

A

Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to the child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole? A. generalized other B. significant other C. impression management D. symbolic other

A

A corporate vice president is convicted of attempting to bribe a presidential aide. This type of crime is called A. professional crime B. white-collar crime C. organized crime D. an index crime

B

A dysfunction of media promotion of product consumption would be A. creating realistic behavior B. raising unrealistic expectations C. notifying consumers of sales events D. increasing awareness of environmental issues

B

A society is A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior B. a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture C. the norms, values, and beliefs of a large group of people D. all of these

B

A sociologist studies how a teacher's attitudes toward particular students affects students' performance. Students of similar abilities who are "teacher's pets" perform at a high level, and students who are viewed as "troublemakers" perform poorly. This would illustrate which explanation of deviance? A. anomie theory B. labeling theory C. cultural transmission D. differential association

B

A stereotype is a(n) A. factually induced belief about another person B. unreliable generalization about all members of a group that does not recognize individual differences within the group C. person or group that one blames irrationally for one's own problems or difficulties D. belief that one race is superior and that all others are innately inferior

B

A woman in her mid-30s has enrolled in a local community college to earn a degree in horticulture. The night before her first major course examination, she is asked by her boss to work several additional hours because they have just received a major order that needs to be processed immediately. This student is experiencing A. role reversal B. role conflict C. role exit D. status incompatibility

B

A woman is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented and as an adult, becomes a wealthy world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario most closely represents which type of stratification system? A. caste B. class C. estate D. slavery

B

According to Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales, the expressive role is performed by A. men B. women C. children D. whichever adult has a career

B

According to a study by Stanley Milgram, individuals will A. conform to the attitudes and behaviors of their peers even if such attitudes and behaviors are racist B. obey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures, even if the behavior may harm another individual C. in most instances, disobey the commands of people viewed as legitimate authority figures if the behavior may harm another individual D. not conform to the attitudes and behavior of their peers if racism is expected

B

According to a study done for the World Bank, who owns the largest percentage of television and radio stations in 97 countries? A. Viacom B. governments C. various private sources D. five separate conglomerates

B

According to the text, which of the following forces is in part responsible for the domination of the world marketplace by a few nations? A. the legacy of colonialism B. the advent of multinational corporations C. modernization D. all of these

B

African Americans are identified in the text as an example of a(n) A. ethnic group B. racial group C. reference group D. status group

B

Although it does not explicitly endorse traditional gender roles, which sociological perspective implies that dividing tasks between spouses is beneficial for the family unit? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

An ethnic group is a group A. that is set apart from others because of physical differences B. that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns C. whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group D. that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life

B

An important tenet of labeling theory is the recognition that some individuals or groups have the power to define labels and apply them to others. This view shares the emphasis on the social significance of power as purported by the A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

An individual's salary and wages are referred to as A. wealth B. income C. prosperity D. finances

B

Anticipatory socialization refers to A. the process whereby people learn the attitude, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a culture B. processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships C. the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life D. the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers

B

Bob is on his first date with Mary, whom he really likes. He tries to act in a manner that will cause her to like him, too, and to want to go out with him again. This is an example of A. face-work B. impression management C. idealization of the other D. role taking

B

Characteristics of national origin or distinctive cultural patterns are used primarily by a society to set apart A. minority groups B. ethnic groups C. racial groups D. polarization groups

B

Emile Durkheim suggested that as a society becomes more complex, the nature of solidarity becomes more A. mechanical B. organic C. preservationist D. institutionalized

B

English-speaking people in the US commonly use words whose origins are from various African, Asian, and non-English-speaking European cultures. This is an example of A. nonmaterial culture B. cultural diffusion C. culture shock D. cultural relativity

B

Ferdinand Tonnies used the term _____ to refer to communities that are large, impersonal, and often urban, with little consensus concerning values or commitment to the group A. Gemeinschaft B. Gesellschaft C. mechanical solidarity D. organic solidarity

B

Foreign companies that establish operations in Mexico yet are exempt from Mexican taxes and are not required to provide insurance or benefits for their workers are known as A. borderlands B. maquiladoras C. banditos D. quesadillas

B

Obedience refers to A. going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct that person's behavior B. compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure C. penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm D. going along with one's peers, who have no special right to direct that person's behavior AND compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure

B

Philip Zimbardo's study of a stimulated prison environment that used college students as prisoners and prison guards A. indicated that it is impossible to replicate a "real life" situation in a laboratory B. demonstrated that a social structure can influence the type of social interactions that occur C. indicated that social interactions are not influenced by social structure D. all of these

B

Recent Chinese immigrants to the US often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown, where they work 16 or more hours a day in the garment industry, earning less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate A. the contact hypothesis B. exploitation theory C. labeling theory D. a self-fulfilling prophecy

B

Segregation refers tot he act of A. deliberately and systematically killing the members of an ethnic, racial, or nationality group B. physically separating two groups; it is often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group C. combining a majority and a minority group through intermarriage D. denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups

B

The contact hypothesis A. is a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the US as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism. B. states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes C. was a theory that gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa D. is a Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups

B

The fact that an unemployed coal miner in Appalachia has a higher standard of living than a doctor in Congo, illustrates the idea that A. poverty is absolute B. poverty is relative C. being a doctor is not a high-prestige occupation in all countries D. Americans are ethnocentric

B

The goal of the United Nations is to eliminate extreme poverty in the world by the year A. 2010 B. 2015 C. 2025 D. 3040

B

The ideology that one sex is superior to the other is known as A. sexual harassment B. sexism C. sex stratification D. gender identity

B

The impoverished majority in Mexico are referred to as the A. criollos B. mestizos C. maquiladoras D. banditos

B

The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives are called A. norms B. material culture C. nonmaterial culture D. values

B

The practice of assuming that people who fit certain descriptions are likely to be engaged in illegal activities as referred to as A. explanative prejudice B. racial profiling C. institutionalized stereotyping D. contact hypothesis

B

The process by which a relatively small number of people control what eventually reaches the audience is referred to as A. the dominant ideology B. gatekeeping C. the surveillance function D. the narcotizing dysfunction

B

The project sponsored by the United Nations to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide is called the A. Micro-Business Initiative B. Millennium Project C. Children's Fund D. Income Now! Project

B

When Ted consoles his sister about a difficult romantic breakup, works a day shift as a construction worker, and sings nursery rhymes to his young daughter so that she may fall asleep, he is portraying A. expressiveness B. multiple masculinities C. instrumentality D. gender expectations

B

Which of the following is an example of prejudice? A. John, who lives in Texas, believes the US is the best country in the world. B. Mary believes that all men are "pigs." C. Arnold refuses hire Catholics to work in his office. D. Dawn likes to ice skate.

B

Which of the following terms is used by Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales to refer to an emphasis on tasks, a focus on more distant goals, and a concern for the external relationship between one's family and other social institutions? A. identification B. instrumentality C. expressiveness D. gender identity

B

Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to a structured ranking of groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society? A. social mobility B. stratification C. hypergamy D. status

B

Which of the following terms is used to refer to organized patterns of beliefs and behavior center on basic social needs? A. social networks B. social institutions C. functional prerequisites D. communities

B

Which of the following terms refers to expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females? A. expressiveness B. gender roles C. gender schema D. instrumentality

B

Which of the following terms refers to going along with one's peers, with peers defined as individuals of a person's own status who have no special right to direct that person's behavior? A. labeling B. conformity C. deviance D. obedience

B

Which of the following terms refers tot he way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships? A. socialization B. social structure C. social interaction D. culture

B

Which sociological perspective argues that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

Which sociological perspective has influenced the creation of the feminist perspective the most? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

Which sociological perspective would be likely to suggest that the existence of unregulated maquiladoras in Mexico has led to the exploitation of workers with jobs that lack security, possibilities for advancement, and decent wages? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to emphasize that the mass media exacerbates many divisions in our society, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

Which sociological perspective(s) would be most likely to support the idea that a dominant ideology is created through media images and is used to construct a reality based on protecting the interests of the powerful? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

B

Which term is used to refer to incompatible expectations that arise when the same person holds two or more social positions? A. role strain B. role conflict C. role ambiguity D. role exit

B

A basketball arena, an airliner, a slice of pizza, and a television set would all be considered examples of A. xenocentrism B. nonmaterial culture C. material culture D. argot

C

A child grows up in a dysfunctional family, where he observes abuse, constant fighting, character assassination, and humiliation. This represents an informal process of A. anticipatory socialization B. resocialization C. reverse socialization D. desocialization

C

A gym buys uniforms for its employees. All of the uniforms are in a men's large, and the gym only hires people who will comfortably fit into the uniforms. As a result of this policy, the gym does not hire any women. This would be an example of A. instrumentality B. expressiveness C. institutional discrimination D. pluralism

C

A member of a rural Indian tribe in Central America who is suddenly taken to a large city, such as Mexico City, will probably experience A. cultural relativity B. cultural diffusion C. culture shock D. cultural integration

C

A minority group is a group A. that is set apart from others because of physical differences B. that is set apart from others because of its national origin or distinctive cultural patterns C. whose members have significantly less control over their own lives than the members of a dominant group D. that has reached very moral decisions about a way of life

C

According to Robert Merton, an innovator is an individual who has A. abandoned the goal of material success and become compulsively committed to the institutional means B. withdrawn from the goals and means of society C. accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper D. none of these

C

According to anthropologist Karuna Chanana Ahmed, who are the most exploited among, oppressed people in developing countries? A. young children B. males C. females D. none of these

C

According to world systems analysis, a periphery nation is a nation that A. along with its multinational corporations dominates all other nations socially, economically, and politically, such as the US and Germany B. has a marginal economic status, such as Israel and South Korea C. is a poor, developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations such as Honduras and Ethiopa D. none of these

C

An abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all aspects of culture is called A. material culture B. sanctions C. language D. argot

C

An important aspect of a professional criminal's work is A. studying crime statistics B. boundary maintenance C. developing technical skills D. goal multiplication

C

Capitalism is an economic system in which A. the means of production and distribution are collectively owned B. all property is communally owned and no social distinctions are made on the basis of people's ability to produce C. the means of production are largely in private hands, and the main incentive for economic activity is the accumulation of profit D. none of these

C

Dependency theory is defined as A. a functionalist approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of the people in peripheral nations B. a far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies C. an approach which contends that as developing countries make economic advances, they remain weak and subservient to core nations D. applying to the interactionist perspective

C

Deviance is behavior that A. always violates the laws of a society B. is always illegal C. violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society D. is always anomic

C

Discovery is A. the combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not previously exist B. the process of introducing new elements into a culture C. the process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality D. the process by which cultural items spread to different groups

C

Socialization is the process A. of mentally assuming the perspective of another B. of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life C. whereby people learn the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture D. whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers

C

The analysis of how the "definition of the situation" can mold the thinking and personality of the individual is associated with which perspective? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

C

The looking-glass self is the A. sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others B. child's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole C. phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others D. person's typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior.

C

The process of denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons is known as A. stereotyping B. ethnocentrism C. discrimination D. segregation

C

The term "social control" refers to A. justifications for deviant behavior B. penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm C. techniques and strategies for preventing deviant human behavior in any society D. behavior that violates the norms of a group

C

Which of the following is considered one way the media reaffirm proper behavior in society? A. newscasters discussing narcotic desensitizing B. a daytime talk show discussion on homosexuality C. movie and TV scenes showing criminals getting caught by authorities D. scenes depicting the rape of women

C

Which of the following is most likely to be a secondary group? A. the members of a small weekly seminar class in cultural diversity B. the members of a small commune in Idaho C. the members of the United Nations D. all of these

C

Which of the following terms is used by sociologists to refer to print and electronic means of communication that carry messages to widespread audiences? A. transmitters B. opinion leaders C. mass media D. narcotizers

C

Which of the following terms is used to refer to hereditary systems of rank that are relatively fixed, immobile, and generally religiously dictated? A. tenure B. slavery C. castes D. feudalism

C

Which of the following would have the greatest impact in terms of reaffirming social norms of proper behavior? A. watching a televised funeral procession B. watching and listening to a Celine Dion video C. watching and listening to a televised cable newscast D. watching a televised execution of a mass murderer

C

Which sociological perspective emphasizes that patterns of male dominance in cross-sex conversations--that express themselves in day-to-day exchanges--represent one more battleground in the struggle for gender equality as women try to get a word in edgewise? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

C

Which sociological perspective is more likely to study the media's influence on society from the microlevel to determine how social behavior is shaped? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

C

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that nonverbal communication, such as the frequency or individuals touching each other during conversation, varies from one culture to another? A. functionalist B. conflict C. interactionist D. feminist

C

Which sociologist is associated with the concepts of the dramaturgical approach, impression management, and face-work? A. Charles Horton Cooley B. George Herbert Mead C. Erving Goffman D. Wilbert Moore

C

Which term is used to refer to the reputation that a specific person has within an occupation? A. power B. prestige C. esteem D. status

C

Which term refers tot he convergence of social forces that contributes to the subordinate status of poor non-White women? A. web of power B. kitchen prison C. matrix of domination D. gender trap

C

While attending a prestigious lecture at a New York City museum, Bob noisily belches several times and grossly picks his nose. He is violating A. mores B. laws C. informal norms D. formal norms

C

A bureaucracy is a(n) A. two member group B. small group in which there is little intimacy or mutual understanding and in which relationships are impersonal C. organization established on the basis of common interest whose members volunteer or even pay to participate D. component of formal organization that uses rules and hierarchical ranking to achieve efficiency

D

A system of stratification under which peasants were required to work land leased to them by nobles in exchange for military protection was known as a(n) A. estate system B. slavery system C. caste system D. feudal system

D

A well-known Hollywood actress owns a home in Beverly Hills and another one on the French Riviera. She owns her own movie production company along with a large portfolio of stocks. The total of the different things she owns is considered her A. income B. caste C. esteem D. wealth

D

A woman who was socialized from infancy to become a wife and mother settles comfortably into being a homemaker in her twenties and early thirties. However, her husband dies suddenly, and she finds that she must enter the paid labor force in order to support herself and her two children. This woman will most likely have to undergo a process of A. anticipatory socialization B. socialization C. .reverse socialization D. resocialization

D

A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer. She takes swimming lessons, joins her school's swimming team, reads magazine articles about champion swimmers, and goes to swimming meets at a nearby college. This is an example of A. reverse socialization B. resocialization C. desocialization D. anticipatory socialization

D

Ascribed statuses may be based on an individual's A. race B. gender C. age D. all of these

D

Culture lag is A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior B. viewing people's behavior from the perspective of one's own culture C. the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives D. a period of maladjustment during which the nonmaterial culture is still adapting to new material conditions

D

How many people in the world do author Paul Collier state are falling behind, falling apart, and stuck at the bottom? A. 250 million B. 500 million C. 750 million D. 1 billion

D

In St. Petersubrg, FL, you can be arrested for violating an ordinance if you do which of the following behaviors on the street? A. sitting B. sleeping C. laying down D. all of these

D

In sociological terms, members of a minority group A. experience unequal treatment B. have a strong sense of group solidarity C. generally marry others from the same D. all of these

D

In sociologist Daniel Rossides' model of the class system of the US, which social class contains the smallest portion of the population? A. lower class B. lower-middle class C. working class D. upper class

D

Jennifer is attending a business luncheon with several corporate executives. At one point during the meal, she reaches in front of another executive for a saltshaker and hits the executive's arm as he is about to put a spoonful of soup in his mouth. The soup spills on his shirt, and he glares at Jennifer. The glare is an example of a(n) A. norm B. folkway C. formal sanction D. informal sanction

D

Norms are often violated when A. they are weakly enforced B. a subculture's norms vary from the norms of the dominant culture C. they conflict with one another D. all of these

D

Social control carried out by authorized agents--such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers--is called A. neutralization B. conformity C. informal social control D. formal social control

D

Though male nurses, grade school teachers, and librarians may experience some scorn in the larger society, within the position A. they are also scorned B. they earn the same as women C. they are automatically "better" D. they are encouraged to become administrators

D

What is the term used to describe the set of cultural beliefs and practices that helps to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests? A. gatekeeping B. the surveillance function C. the narcotizing dysfunction D. the dominant ideology

D

When racism prevails in a society, members of subordinate groups generally experience A. exploitation B. prejudice C. discrimination D. all of these

D

Which of the following has a role in maintaining social control? A. the family B. the government C. the peer group D. all of these

D

Which of the following is the Arabic term that stands for one's inner struggle against the forces of ungodliness? A. hijab B. darud C. jihad D. fajr

D

Which of the following play an important part in gender-role socialization in the US? A. the mass media B. religious institutions C. educational institutions D. all of these

D

Worldwide, low-income groups, racial and ethnic minorities, rural residents, and the citizens of developing countries have far less access than others to the latest technologies. A. digital enclosure B. digital world C. digital dam D. digital divide

D

A recent sociological study showed nations with the most repressive regimes turned out to be the onles most likely to ratify human rights treaties True or false? (T or F)

T