SOCIOLOGY EXAM 2

When did the sexual revolution begin?

It began in the 1920's and came of age by the late 1960's

Gale works as an attorney twelve hours a day, six days a week. She is good at what she does, and as a result now owns a five hundred thousand dollar home in the suburbs. According, to Merton's typology, Gale would be classified as:

a conformist

Which of the following is the best example of a primary group?

a family gathering for a religious holiday

From the point of view of parents, what type of formal organization is a school's Parent-Teacher Association (PTA)?

a normative organization

What is a triad?

a social group with three members

From the point of view of a patient who is involuntarily committed, what type of formal organization is a mental hospital?

a coercive organization

A system of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement such as slavery is called:

an ideology

Recent scandals involving Enron and other United States corporations are examples of which of the following?

corporate crime

The significant of Alfred Kinsey's research on sexuality in the United States was:

defining sexuality as a proper focus on scientific study

The theory that explains deviance as learned behavior that is determined by the extent of a person's interaction with individuals who already practice such behavior is called:

differential association

The most unstable of social groups:

dyad

Which type of group leader is likely to use humor to lighten a serious moment?

expressive leader

The term "homophobia" refers to:

fear of close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual

Relative property is:

found everywhere

_________ is a view that stigmatizes anyone who is not heterosexual as "queer".

heterosexism

The common ideology of a class system states that __________ becomes a sign of personal talent and effort, while poverty is view as a result of _________.

mert; flaws in society

Skipping school for the first time as an 8th grader is an example of :

primary deviance

At birth, males and females are distinguished by _______, which are the genitals (organs used for reproduction).

primary sex characteristics

Social stratification refers to:

ranking categories of people in hierarchy

In his Strain Theory, Robert Merton uses which of the following concepts to describe the behavior of a radical who rejects cultural goals and means in favor of some alternative system?

rebellion

Which of the following concepts refers to a social group that people use as a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions?

reference group

The Veterans Administration was formed to provide needed services for those who served in the military. Many have complained in recent years that VA employees seem more interested in following bureaucratic regulations than in serving the veteran. In Merton's typology of deviance, such behavior could be considered an example of:

ritualism

The assembled people at a university graduation ceremony would correctly be termed a:

secondary group

The development of breasts in females and deeper voices in males are examples of:

secondary sex characteristics

__________ refers to a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person.

sexual orientation

One norm found everywhere is the incest taboo, which refers to norms forbidding:

sexual relations or marriage between certain relatives

__________ feel they are people "trapped in the wrong body."

transsexuals

Which type of formal organization de people join to obtain material benefits?

utilitarian organizations

Prostitution is widely regarded as what kind of crime?

victimless crime

The total amount of financial assets, minus any debts, is referred to as:

wealth

The middle management office jobs that are common today are an example of which type of work?

white-collar

Dr. Ira Johnson has a medical practice in which most of his patients are having their care paid for by Medicaid and Medicare. Johnson very often has patients sign bank claims so that he can bill the government for services he did not really preform. Such behavior would be termed:

white-collar crime

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen

Max Weber considered an individual's social position:

-as a matter of economic class -as a matter of social status or prestige -as a matter of power

Which of the following illustrate the "medicalization of deviance"?

-drinking too much being redefined as "alcoholism" -theft being redefined as a "compulsive disorder" -promiscuity being redefined as a "sexual addiction"

The category "crime against the person" includes:

-murder -forcible rape -aggravated assault

The stratification system in the United States can best be classified as:

an open system

Social position in the caste system is based on:

ascribed status

Little or no sexual attraction to people of either sex is called:

asexuality

Which type of leadership focuses on instrumental concerns, making decisions and ensuring members obey orders?

authoritarian

Some years ago, a movie entitled "The Bad Seed" appeared about a young girl who committed particularly horrible murders. The principle of the film was that the child had inherited tendency to violence. This position would be in harmony with which of the following approaches to explaining deviance?

biological

Work involving mostly manual labor is called:

blue-collar

Elite prostitutes (young, attractive, and well-educated) are referred to as:

call girls

Which term refers to wages or salary from work plus earning from any investments?

income

Josh needs to achieve a 4.0 GPA to qualify for admission to graduate school. He fears that he will not pass the final exam in chemistry and has decided to sit next to Heather, the best student in the class, and copy her paper. According to Merton's theory and typologies, Josh would be classified as a(n):

innovator

Although his father worked on the assembly line in an automobile factory, Lee Lacocca became president of Chrysler Corporation. Lacocca's climb up the corporate ladder is an example of:

intergenerational mobility

What is the term for humans who have some combination of female and male genitalia?

intersexual

David Green began as a clerk in a bank, but by working hard and going to school at night, he has become its president. Mr. Green's career is an example of what may be called:

intragenerational mobility

Formal organizations are:

large secondary groups with a goal orientation

________ are at the bottom of the sex-worker hierarchy.

streetwalkers