Sociology Exam 3: Quiz 11

Structural changes brought on by industrialization in the United States meant that families changed from "grapevine" forms to:

"Bean poles"

As discussed in Chapter 12, which group of women is least likely to get an abortion?

Latino women

In much of the Western world, the choice of a marriage partner tends to be influenced by age, education, class, race, and religion. Which of the following explains this tendency?

Marrying someone who diverges a great deal from our age, race, social class, and religion is often met with overt or subtle disapproval from others

According to your text, the most frequent form of domestic violence is:

Sibling on sibling

Recent trends indicate that weekly hours of housework done by men and women are converging. Which of the following statements indicates how household labor is divided by gender?

Women do the housework and men help out

Working wives generally get less leisure time than their husbands. This is known as:

"The leisure gap"

Structural changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution had major consequences for families. What was one of the primary mechanisms that explains these consequences?

(NOT: Women and children were expected to make and use their own food, clothes, and goods) A gendered division of labor arose in the household where women now were in exclusive charge of maintaining the home and rearing children. As the mobility of families searching for paid labor opportunities increased, they became separated from their kinship networks Pg. 462

According to research in Chapter 12, what percentage of today's U.S. families consists of a male breadwinner, a female housewife, and their children?

23%

In 2007, intimate partner violence accounted for more than 2,300 deaths. What percentage of these deaths occurred among males?

30%

Approximately what percentage of U.S. marriages ends in divorce?

40%

Approximately what percentage of Americans marries at some point in their lives?

90%

In the 1960s many social scientists, including Daniel Patrick Moynihan, viewed the strong role held by women in many African American families as:

A detrimental characteristic that undermined men's roles in the family and caused all sorts of social problems

Most Latino families in the United States are shaped by which of the following?

A devout tradition of Catholicism

About how long do the majority of single mothers stay on the welfare rolls in the United States?

About 2 years

A powerful example of the devaluation of housework in the United States was the original September 11th Victim Compensation Fund. Ultimately, what happened?

Both the deceased's future earnings and his or her estimated contributions to the family's unpaid household work were measured to determine the family's amount of compensation

Legally recognized unions of gay and lesbian couples that are explicitly intended to offer similar state-mandated legal rights and benefits of marriage as are given to heterosexual couples are known as:

Civil unions

When compared to the 1990s, views regarding gay and lesbian marriage are becoming increasingly

Divided between positive and negative

Marriages that cross racial and ethnic lines have become more common in the United States, although most U.S. marriages are still racially and ethnically endogamous. What factors might discourage exogamy?

Facing ostracism from within one's tightly knit community

The ________ theory of the family argues that nuclear families are necessary for child rearing and fulfilling society's need for productive workers.

Functionalist

Recent trends in marriages between people from different races or ethnic groups indicate a:

Growing acceptance of exogamy

Neoclassical economists typically look at a member's power in the family as a direct expression of that member's utility to the family unit. This measure of power tends to be based on gender and what other factor?

Income

According to the text's discussion, cohabitation:

Increases the rate of divorce because people who cohabitate probably have fewer qualms about divorce

It's commonly perceived that the divorce rate has skyrocketed since the 1950s, but actually divorce rates in the United States have been:

Increasing steadily since 1900

Talcott Parsons and other functionalists argued that the nuclear family was necessary in modern industrial society. Problems with the functionalist argument are highlighted in which of the research findings below?

Mundurucu mothers and fathers live in separate homes, eat separate meals, and sleep apart, yet this arrangement is functional for this culture

A family consisting of a mother, father, and their biological children is known as a(n):

Nuclear family

It is it difficult to make generalizations about Latino families in the United States because:

Of their diverse origins and geography

Journalist Barbara Ehrenreich traveled around the country to study firsthand what it was like to "get by" working low-wage jobs. All of the following are true about her experiences EXCEPT:

She felt that if she had only worked harder, she would have been able to "get by"

As your text points out, single mothers and poverty often go hand in hand. What is the primary reason their employment opportunities typically limit them to low-wage work?

Single mothers are often unskilled and have less education than the average American

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild (1980) has found that many women who would traditionally be expected to take care of the home and children also try to have a career. She calls this the:

Supermom strategy

The notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibilities and child rearing is known as:

The cult of domesticity

In families where both spouses work for wages, the second shift can best be described as:

The domestic tasks that fall disproportionately on women in addition to their paid work

Which of the following statements is true concerning the domestic world of Ozzie and Harriet portrayed in the 1950s television program?

The program portrayed an idealized version of American family life in the 1950s

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the notion of traditional family (stay-at-home mom and working father) in U.S. history?

The traditional family was unique to a particular time in history (1950s) and can really be viewed as an aberration

Black and poor women in the United States have come to rely on which of the following in order to manage child care and work responsibilities?

Their extrafamilial female networks

Which of the following is true regarding single-parent families in the United States and worldwide?

They are on the rise in the United States and worldwide

Aries wrote that children of preindustrial families were:

Thought of as small adults who didn't warrant any special treatment or nurturing

According to research presented in Chapter 12, if the typical American mother has two shifts, then the typical black American mother has how many?

Three

Which of the following was a motivation of the welfare reforms of 1996?

To promote self-sufficiency and personal responsibility

Sociologists generally concur that the impact of divorce on children:

Varies widely, but high levels of parental conflict are bad regardless of marriage or divorce