Sociology Final

Which of the following would reflect an egalitarian authority pattern?

* Both answers are correct.

A panhandler makes $15 to $20 per day on the streets. This is his

* income

A poor, inner-city youth spends many hours in the neighborhood playground shooting baskets on the basketball court and playing in every game he can. His skills become outstanding, and he receives a college scholarship and then signs a lucrative contract to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA). This is an example of

* vertical mobility.

Which of the following factors affect a person's odds of good health?

- All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is an example of an extended family?

- a married couple, their children, and the husband's sister all living together in the same home

In the United States, endogamous rules stressed by many groups include marriage within

> one's own ethnic, racial, and religious groups.

Which of the following is the best example of absolute poverty?

A homeless man begs in the streets for money and food.

As an expression of who people are as individuals, sexuality is comparable to which of the following traits?

All of the answers are correct.

Physicians have enhanced their power and prestige by

All of the answers are correct.

Some research suggests that traditional gender roles may be disadvantageous to men. Which of the following pieces of evidence are cited to support this conclusion?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following could be included ithin a functionalist family?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements about racial groups in the United States is true?

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following victim statuses may motivate a hate crime?

All of the answers are correct.

Why do high rates of incarceration in an area increase criminal activity there?

Because social cohesiveness and informal social control are reduced as a result

Although Blacks don't commit crimes for reasons different from Whites, there is a difference in social context. What is it

Blacks engage in criminal behavior because of more inequality factors (poverty, social isolation, unemployment, etc.).

One way to define the American Dream is as

Both answers are true.

Which of the following is true about sexual expression?

Both answers are true.

Which of the following are possible explanations for the finding that racial and ethnic minorities make up a large percentage of the people living near dangerous sites?

Both explanations are possible.

Why should you be wary about drawing conclusions from crime statistics and your own conception of what crime is?

Crime is a social construct and crime statistics tend to be biased in the groups and types of crime sampled.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects research on children's books published throughout the 20th century?

Female characters were often shown as passive and in need of strong male caretakers.

Which of the following is not true about the term feminism?

It incorporates a belief in affirmative action for women.

What institutional mechanisms does the term "school-to-prison" pipeline connect?

It links new punitive policies in schools, such as suspensions and expulsions, to contacts with the criminal justice system

For what reason did the New York State courts rule that a couple does not have to be married to adopt a child?

It would help the state to assist more children in securing the best possible home.

Which of the following is the best example of serial monogamy?

Juan is married to Sheila, but they get divorced, and he marries Marlene. After they get divorced, he marries Janet, and when she dies, he marries Lorraine.

Which of the following is an example of prejudice?

Mary believes that all men are pigs.

Which of the following is a hate crime?

Michael vandalizes a store because the owner is Latino.

Which of the following statements about family systems is true?

Polygyny is a more common form of marriage than polyandry.

Which of the following is not considered a minority group in the United States?

Protestant White men

One example of expulsion is

Serbian forces driving more than 1 million Croats and Muslims from their homes.

Which of the following would not be considered discrimination?

Sue proclaims that all poor people are criminals.

What ground-breaking finding did Devah Pager's study have about holding a criminal record and finding a job?

That race aggravates the effect of having a criminal record since whites with criminal records are more likely to get call backs that blacks without criminal records

What is the difference between a family and a kin group?

The family is a household unit, and kin do not always live together.

Which of the following statements about courtship and marriage are true?

The majority of Americans believe that when they marry, it will be for true love.

Which of the following is true about the rates of disease and death in many racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S.?

They are mainly caused by environmental factors.

Which of the following is true about alternative expressions of sexuality in the United States?

They have a long but largely unacknowledged history

Which of the following is a reason why people in the United States struggle to respond when asked to identify their social class?

They share the belief that social classes do not exist in the United States.

A person loudly proclaims that "all black people are lazy, shiftless, and collect welfare." This is an example of

a stereotype.

Which of the following fits neatly into the substantive definition of the family?

adopted children

Which of the following would be an example of third-wave feminism?

an argument that gender cannot be understood in isolation from race or class

Vladimir, a Russian immigrant to the United States, insists that everyone call him "Joe," and he refuses to speak Russian, even in casual conversation with Russian-speaking neighbors. This is an example of

assimilation

As part of the sick role, the ill are obligated to

attempt recovery.

Which pattern of descent is most typical in the United States?

bilateral

A female child is born into a homeless, single-parent family. She is very talented and as an adult becomes wealthy, world-acclaimed pianist. This scenario is most likely in which type of stratification system?

class

Other than race, which factor significantly influences bail?

class

Scientific evidence for global climate change is

clear and consistent.

Some analysts suggest that inner-city riots have frequently occurred when poor people realize that their chances of climbing out of poverty are unlikely because of the structure of our social system. Their frustration is based on their perception that they are living in a(n)

closed stratification system.

A new model of sexuality presents it as a(n)

continuum

Sarna, an Orthodox Jew, marries Nathan, a Reform Jew. Sarna is disowned by her parents because, as far they are concerned, she has married outside their religion. She has violated the rule of

endogamy.

Heteronormativity is considered a form of

ethnocentrism

Joe grew up in an Italian household in an Italian community in New Jersey. He believes that the traditional Italian celebration of Easter, which includes a large number of family members and large amounts of food consumed during a long dinner, is a better way to celebrate this holiday than the ways that others lebrate Easter. This example demonstrates

ethnocentrism

People in industrialized nations have insisted that developing nations change their practices to save the planet. This is an example of

ethnocentrism

Recent Chinese immigrants to the United States often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown. They work 16 or more hours a day in these sweatshops and earn less than minimum wage. The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate

exploitation theory.

Melanie bears primary responsibility in the family for making sure that conflicts within the family are resolved and maintaining internal emotional affairs. That makes her the ----- leader of the family.

expressive

A woman and her husband, their children, her parents, her mother-in-law, and her sister live together on a farm in the Midwest. According to the U.S. Census, this group is considered a

family

A man who dresses as a woman may be seen as violating appropriate

gender roles.

The Historically, the way power is distributed within families has largely been shaped by

gender.

Many of those who are now calling for a reduction in the human activity that contributes to global warmin in core nations, which have contributed disproportionately to the problem. This shows that the challenge c warming is closely tied to

global inequality.

Sociologists refer to the cultural presupposition that sexual relationships should exist between a man and a woman and that alternate sexualities are deviant, abnormal, or wrong, as

heteronormativity

A bus driver who becomes a hotel clerk, moving from one social position to another of approximately the same social rank, is an example of

horizontal mobility

A gym buys uniforms for its employees. All of the uniforms are in a men's large size, and the gym hires only people who will comfortably fit into the uniforms. As a result of this policy, the gym does not hire any women. This would be an example of

institutional discrimination.

Following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, Congress passed a law that said that all airport screeners must be U.S. citizens. A significant percentage of this group was made up of legal residents who were citizens. They were also disproportionally Latino, Black, and Asian. The citizenship requirement was not in place for other airport positions, including pilots, cabin attendants, and armed National Guardsmen. This law was an example of

institutional discrimination.

The founding of the American Medical Association in 1848 to standardize education and licensing of doctors was the beginning of the

institutionalization of health care.

Wealth in the United States

is even more unevenly distributed than income.

The belief that Asian Americans are a model minority group

minimizes the degree of diversity within this population.

A man and his wife and their children live on a piece of land in Woodstock, Vermont. They are an example of a(n)

nuclear family.

Acts of racial profiling are

often initiated by law enforcement officers.

Other than race and class, which factor influences the likelihood of an arrest?

place

Which of the following is connected to differences in sexuality?

systems of power

What did Burch find about Black criminal sentencing in Georgia?

that blacks with darker skin receive higher average sentences than light skinned blacks

What does research evidence reveal about the relationship between intersectionality and criminal sentencing

that it is complicated since multiple demographic factors, such as race, gender, and age, can affect criminal sentencing depending on varying compositions of each factor

What do demographic statistics say about the people composing our nation's prisons?

that most US prisoners are people of color and men

A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina law student. According to the contact hypothesis, this situation would be unlikely to reduce prejudice because

the two people do not have equal status

In the five-class model sociologists commonly use to describe the U.S. class system, which social class contains the smallest portion of the population?

upper class

The sociological approach that highlights the power deposits, forests, and fisheries in order to meet their debt obligations to developed nations is

world systems analysis.