Sociology Final

Health in the United States is a complex and often contradictory issue. As one of the wealthiest nations, the United States ________ in health comparisons with the rest of the world, yet it does not provide equal care to all. a) averages the same b) is poor c) fares well d) lags behind

c) fares well

________ might span an entire country, perhaps led by a national organization. a) Global level social movements b) Local-level social movements c) State-level social movements d) National level social movements

d) National level social movements

________ means that a gap has developed in the job market, with most employment opportunities at the lowest and highest levels and few jobs for those with mid-level skills and education. a) Automation b) Externalization c) Specialization d) Polarization

d) Polarization

________ affects more than personal relationships; it shapes larger dynamics like social groups, professional organizations, and governments. a) Authority b) Force c) Coercion d) Power

d) Power

________ is an entity or individual's ability to control or direct others, while ________ is influence that is predicated on perceived legitimacy. a) Authority; force b) Authority; power c) Force, authority d) Power; authority

d) Power; authority

________ offers a solution and states how it will be implemented. a) Diagnostic framing b) Motivational framing c) Frame transformation d) Prognostic framing

d) Prognostic framing

________ is a way to explain movement success in terms of the ability to acquire resources and mobilize individuals. a) Framing theory b) Prognostic framing theory c) New social movement perspective d) Resource mobilization theory

d) Resource mobilization theory

According to ________, the struggles between and within groups have historically been spurred by the drive to protect or gain territory and wealth, and the need to preserve liberty and autonomy. a) Structural functionalist theorists b) Symbolic interaction theorists c) Social psychology theorists d) Social conflict theorists

d) Social conflict theorists

________ indicate that in the United States, a disproportionate number of racial minorities have less economic power, so they bear a great deal of the burden of poor health. a) Structural functional theorists b) Symbolic interactionist theorists c) Medical sociologists d) Social conflict theorists

d) Social conflict theorists

________ aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. a) Social conflict theory b) Structural functionalism c) standpoint theory d) Symbolic interaction theory

d) Symbolic interaction theory

The first Arab immigrants came to this country in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were predominantly ________, and they came to escape persecution and to make a better life. These early immigrants and their descendants, who were more likely to think of themselves as Syrian or Lebanese than Arab, represent almost half of the Arab American population today (Myers 2007). a) Jordanian, Palestinian, and Saudi Arabian Muslims b) Syrian, Egyptian, and Lebanese Muslims c) Iranian, Pakistani, and Egyptian d) Syrian, Lebanese, and Jordanian Christians

d) Syrian, Lebanese, and Jordanian Christians

The increase in computer use and robots to do many rote tasks are representative of the ________, also known as the information era. Those who have the means to produce, store, and disseminate information are leaders in this type of society. a) Agricultural revolution b) The Industrial revolution c) The Manufacturing revolution d) The Post-industrial revolution

d) The Post-industrial revolution

The ________ is the highest court in the United States, and it has the final say on decisions about the constitutionality of laws that citizens challenge. a) Federal Courts b) District Courts c) Probation Courts d) U.S. Supreme Court

d) U.S. Supreme Court

________ have been entering the workforce in ever-increasing numbers for several decades. They have also been finishing college and going on to earn higher degrees at a higher rate than ________ do. a) Men; women b) Whites; blacks c) White men; women d) Women; men

d) Women; men

Power in ________ is held by a single person, or a very small group, that wields complete and absolute authority over a government and population. a) an oligarchy b) a monarchy c) a democracy d) a dictatorship

d) a dictatorship

Some nations called ________ recognize kings, queens, princes, princesses, and other figures with official royal titles. The power held by these positions varies from one country to another. a) an oligarchy b) a dictatorship c) a democracy d) a monarchy

d) a monarchy

According to Karl Marx, struggles between groups are necessary for the development of... a) a less dysfunctional society b) power that is more symbolic in society c) a monarchy d) a more egalitarian society

d) a more egalitarian society

As human populations move into more vulnerable areas, we see an increase in the number of people affected by... technology. labor shortages. d) natural disasters.

d) natural disasters.

As a result of ________, women's viewpoints tend to be silenced or marginalized to the point of being discredited or considered invalid. a) matriarchy b) avuncularity c) socioeconomic status d) patriarchy

d) patriarchy

In the DSM-IV, ________ represent "an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the culture of the individual who exhibits it." In other words,________ cause people to behave in ways that are seen as abnormal to society but seem normal to them. a) mood disorders b) anxiety disorders c) developmental disorders d) personality disorders

d) personality disorders

Many people cannot afford ________ but their income level is not low enough to meet eligibility standards for government supported insurance. a) public health insurance b) direct health insurance c) health savings account d) private health insurance

d) private health insurance

Which of these terms refers to the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions? a) genocide b) assimilation c) pluralism d) segregation

d) segregation

The term sociologists use to describe physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary and secondary sex characteristics is referred to as a person's... a) Gender b) stereotype c) orientation d) sex

d) sex

The focus in ________ is on benefitting society, whereas ________ seeks to benefit the individual. a) capitalism; socialism b) mechanical economy; organic economy c) capitalism; market socialism d) socialism; capitalism

d) socialism; capitalism

Almost any characteristic can be generalized based on race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation or other categories. When we generalize about people and separately categorize them, we are creating a... a) colorism. b) privilege. c) Prejudice d) stereotype.

d) stereotype.

According to ________, when people perform tasks or possess characteristics based on the gender role assigned to them, they are said to be "doing gender." a) social conflict theory b) structural functionalism c) feminist theory d) symbolic interaction theory

d) symbolic interaction theory

Health care disparities between racial and ethnic groups are based on... a) insurance differences. b) lifestyle choices. c) reaching out for healthcare when ill. d) the level of healthcare that these racial/ethnic groups receive.

d) the level of healthcare that these racial/ethnic groups receive.

According to Max Weber, the power of ________is accepted because it has been accepted for a long time. a) charismatic authority b) rational-legal authority c) passive-aggressive authority d) traditional authority

d) traditional authority

Evidence suggests that legal protection of ________ does not directly translate into equal voting power. a) poll taxes b) literacy tests c) property ownership d) voting rights

d) voting rights

According to ________, health and illness are both socially constructed, so they focus on the specific meanings and causes people attribute to illness. a) structural functional theorists b) conflict theorists c) medical sociologists d) symbolic interactionist theorists

d) symbolic interactionist theorists

A symbolic interactionist would emphasize how ________ related to race and ethnicity could lead to racism. a) power struggles b) authoritarian parenting c) Intersectionalism d) symbols

d) symbols

Name the group whose ancestors did not come here by choice. a) African Americans b) Native Americans c) Irish Americans d) Japanese Americans

a) African Americans

According to Samhan (2001), relations between Arab Americans and the dominant majority have been marked by mistrust, misinformation, and deeply entrenched beliefs. The ________ contributed significantly to cultural and political anti-Arab sentiment in the United States. a) Arab-Israeli conflicts in the 1970s b) restrictive immigration policies from the 1920s until 1965 c) events of the Inquisition d) "Muslim ban" enacted by Donald Trump

a) Arab-Israeli conflicts in the 1970s

________ is a socially defined category based on physical differences between different groups of people. a) Race b) Ethnicity c) Social construct d) Prejudice

a) Race

________ are purposeful, organized groups that strive to work toward a common social goal. a) Social movements b) Collective action c) Casual crowd d) Conventional crowds

a) Social movements

________ would argue that since the sick are unable to fulfill their normal societal roles, their sickness weakens the society. a) Structural functionalists b) Symbolic interactionists c) Conflict theorists d) Medical sociologists

a) Structural functionalists

________ focus on the meanings associated with sexuality and with sexual orientation and since femininity is devalued in U.S. society, those who adopt such traits are subject to ridicule, especially for boys or men. a) Symbolic interactionists b) Social conflict theorists c) Structural functionalist theorists d) Feminists

a) Symbolic interactionists

At first, most goods and services were traded as gifts or through an exchange known as ________ or between small social groups. a) bartering b) money c) charity d) mercantilism

a) bartering

According to ________, the government has four main purposes: planning and directing society, meeting social needs, maintaining law and order, and managing international relations. According to this theory, all aspects of society serve a purpose. a) functionalist theorists b) social conflict theorists c) symbolic interaction theorists d) Social psychology theorists

a) functionalist theorists

In a globalized economy, products are increasingly made in multiple nations to save costs. When a product is designed in one nation and parts are produced in various others before the final product is constructed, this is an example of a(n)________. a) global assembly line b) global supply chain c) integrated automation d) polarization

a) global assembly line

Voter turnout has ________ in the past 12 years. a) increased dramatically b) decreased c) remained the same d) fallen drastically

a) increased dramatically

For years, ________ who were brave enough to vote were discouraged by discriminatory legislation, passed in many southern states, which required poll taxes and literacy tests of prospective voters. a) women b) African Americans c) Northern Immigrants d) required poll taxes and literacy tests of prospective voters.

b) African Americans

Which theory suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes when we examine the advantages and disadvantages of race? a) Interaction theory b) Intersection theory c) Functionalist theory d) symbolic-interactionism

b) Intersection theory

________ (the process by which previously normal aspects of life are redefined as deviant and needing medical attention to remedy), has historically included many aspects of women's lives, including menstruation, pre-menstrual syndrome, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause. a) Social epidemiology b) Medicalization c) Deviation d) Institutionalized sexism

b) Medicalization

________ seek to change something specific about the social structure. a) Redemptive movements b) Reformative movements c) Alternative movements d) Revolutionary movements

b) Reformative movements

________ also has influenced voting practices since voting rates among lower-educated, lower-paid workers are lower than for people with higher socioeconomic status. This fosters a system in which people with more power and access to resources have the means to perpetuate their power a) Propaganda b) Social class c) Free speech d) Writing a letter to the editor

b) Social class

________ are affected adversely both by unequal access to and institutionalized sexism in the healthcare industry. a) Infants b) Women c) Men d) Children

b) Women

The difference between the terms "Arab" and "Muslim" is that Arab refers to ________ and Muslim refers to ________. a) a religion; a culture b) an ethnicity; a religion c) an ethnicity; a language d) an ethnicity; a culture

b) an ethnicity; a religion

Today, in the United States, ________, and the District of Columbia require comprehensive sex education classes in schools. a) all of the states b) only eighteen states c) half the states d) only thirty-two states

b) only eighteen states

The ________ of the economy extracts and produces raw materials like metals and crops. a) quaternary sector b) primary sector c) tertiary sector d) secondary sector

b) primary sector

According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2011), obesity rates are ________ in all countries, with the greatest gains being made in the highest-income countries. a) unremarkable b) rising c) declining d) holding steady

b) rising

Unfortunately, in June 2013 the Supreme Court repealed several important aspects of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, ruling that... a) all voters must be property owners. b) southern states no longer need the stricter scrutiny that was once required to prohibit racial discrimination in voting practices in the South. c) all people's votes should be counted equally. d) contemporary voter identification laws are trying to solve a problem that hasn't existed in over a century.

b) southern states no longer need the stricter scrutiny that was once required to prohibit racial discrimination in voting practices in the South.

According to ________, our society and healthcare institutions discriminate against certain diseases, which may affect the patient and the kind of care he or she receives. a) medicalization b) stigmatization of illness c) sick role d) accessorization of illness

b) stigmatization of illness

The phrase "boys will be boys" is often used to justify behavior such as pushing, shoving, or other forms of aggression from young boys. The phrase implies that such behavior is... a) a learned behavior b) unchangeable and natural. c) an erroneous stereotype. d) unacceptable and undisciplined

b) unchangeable and natural.

Which of these terms refers to the situation when a subordinate group is forced by a dominant group to permanently leave a certain area or country? a) segregation b) amalgamation c) expulsion d) pluralism

c) expulsion

________, especially those who are here illegally, are at the center of a national debate about immigration. Myers (2007) observes that no other minority group (except the Chinese) has immigrated to the United States in such an environment of illegality. a) Cuban Americans b) Puerto Ricans c) Mexican Americans d) Guatemalan Americans.

c) Mexican Americans

Cross-national research on sexual attitudes in industrialized nations reveals that normative standards differ across the world. For example, several studies have shown that ________ students are more tolerant of premarital sex than are________ students. a) Iranian; French b) Israeli; Japanese c) Scandinavian; U.S. d) Chinese; Indian

c) Scandinavian; U.S.

Research presents evidence that homosexual and bisexual individuals are treated differently than heterosexual individuals in schools, the workplace, and the military, and experience frequent discrimination. Which of the following is an example of progress toward removing a systematic discriminatory practice? a) The equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC) has banned discriminatory hiring based on sexual orientation. b) The North Carolina "bathroom bill" c) The repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" in the armed forces. d) The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)

c) The repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" in the armed forces.

________ statistics only count those who are actively looking for work, who have not earned income from a job in the past four weeks and who are ready, willing, and able to work. a) Underemployment b) Relative poverty c) Unemployment d) Discouraged worker

c) Unemployment

The increase in our senior population as baby boomers begin to retire, which will in turn change the way many of our social institutions are organized, reflects ________ that impacts all other aspects of society. a) industrialization b) an environmental factor c) a population trend d) collective behavior

c) a population trend

Changing the clinical description of "Gender Identity Disorder" in the DSM V... a) prevents violence against transgender individuals b)contributes to organizations that do not support transgender and transsexual individuals c) may contribute to a larger acceptance of transgender people in society. d) prevents mislabeling of infants' assigned sex at birth

c) may contribute to a larger acceptance of transgender people in society.

People developed the idea of a means of exchange that could be used at any time, through the use of ________. Precious metals quickly became the preferred means of exchange in many cultures because of their durability and portability. a) barter b) charity c) money d) credit

c) money

When women, who make up ________ the workforce, bring home less money each day, it means they have less for the everyday needs of their families, and over a lifetime of work, far less savings for retirement." a) nearly a third b) nearly a quarter c) nearly half d) 70%

c) nearly half

Male dominated jobs ________ although they require the same level of skills and training. a) pay less than female dominated jobs b) pay about the same as female dominated jobs c) pay more than female dominated jobs d) offer less prestige than female dominated jobs

c) pay more than female dominated jobs

One way children learn gender roles is through... a) gender normative behavior. b) adherence to social expectations. c) play d) self-discovery

c) play

A ________ is one where all people are covered by one type of insurance. a) public sector b) fee for service c) single payer system d) private sector

c) single payer system

The term ________ can be used interchangeably with the term minority, while the term ________ is often substituted for the group that's in the majority. a) majority group; minority group b) ethnic group; racial group c) subordinate group; dominant group d) prejudiced; racist

c) subordinate group; dominant group

Some diseases, like cancer, are ________ across all countries. a) countries with reduced life expectancy b) are much more common in high-income countries c) universal d) restricted to countries with sedentary lifestyles

c) universal

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) of 2010 is sometimes called ________ for its most noted advocate, and represents large-scale federal reform of the United States' healthcare system. a) "Patient Protection Care" b) "Public Protection Care" c) "Presidential Coverage" d) "ObamaCare"

d) "ObamaCare"

The Seneca Falls Convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York in ________ It was the first women's rights convention which advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman"/\. a) 1948 b) 1870 c) 1920 d) 1848

d) 1848

________ are focused on self-improvement and limited, specific changes to individual beliefs and behavior. a) Redemptive movements b) Reformative movements c) Revolutionary movements d) Alternative movement

d) Alternative movement

________ was passed in 1990 to address how people in the United States with disabilities were often excluded from opportunities and social institutions many of us take for granted. a) Civil Rights Act b) Fair Housing Act c) Affordable Healthcare Act d) Americans with Disabilities Act

d) Americans with Disabilities Act

________focuses on collective action rather than collective behavior, addressing the processes associated with crowd behavior and the life cycle and various categories of gatherings. a) Value-added theory b) Emergent-norm theory c) Convergence cluster d) Assembling perspective

d) Assembling perspective

________ refers to accepted influence, in other words, influence that people agree to follow. a) Power b) Force c) Coercion d) Authority

d) Authority

________ is non-institutionalized activity in which several people voluntarily engage. Casual crowd Expressive crowd Acting crowd d) Collective behavior

d) Collective behavior

The ________ of the women's movement took place during the second half of the 19th and the early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on the legal issue of women's right to vote. a) Second wave b) Third wave c) Fourth wave d) First wave

d) First wave

Scholars have noted that white domestic terrorists like Timothy McVeigh, who detonated a bomb at an Oklahoma courthouse in 1995, have not inspired similar racial profiling or hate crimes against whites, but racial profiling has continued against Arab Americans as a matter of course since 9/11, particularly when engaged in air travel, being young and Arab-looking is enough to warrant a special search or detainment. This irrational fear of or hatred against Muslims is called ________ and does not show signs of abating. a) Militarism Aviophobia b) Aviophobia c) Irrational d) Islamophobia

d) Islamophobia

Myers (2007) states that the cultural assimilation of ________ is "almost complete, but with remnants of ethnicity." The presence of enclave neighborhoods, originally segregated slums dating from the nineteenth century continue to exist today. a) Irish Americans b) German Americans c) Scottish Americans d) Italian Americans

d) Italian Americans

Whether they are legal or illegal immigrants, because they have high population numbers, ________ are often the target of stereotyping, racism, and discrimination as well as being singled out for documentation checks by police officers. Simply not having appropriate documentation then, becomes a crime in states like Arizona. A) Cuban Americans b) Puerto Ricans c) Guatemalan Americans. d) Mexican Americans

d) Mexican Americans

________ describes the processes that increase the amount of specialization and differentiation of structure in societies resulting in the move from an undeveloped society to developed, technologically driven society. Planned obsolescence Fragmentation Homogenization d) Modernization

d) Modernization

________ is the call to action and tells a person exactly what to do once you agree with and believe in the frame. Prognostic framing Diagnostic framing Frame amplification d) Motivational framing

d) Motivational framing

The ________ began with the simplest of technologies such as pointed digging stick to break up the soil. These processes really took off when people harnessed animals to pull a plow, which was an even more efficient tool for the same task. With this new technology, one family could grow enough crops not only to feed themselves but also to feed others. a) Industrial revolution b) Post-industrial revolution c) Mercantilist revolution d) agricultural revolution

d) agricultural revolution

The power in ________ is held by a small, elite group. a) a monarchy b) a dictatorship c) a democracy d) an oligarchy

d) an oligarchy

According to the American Psychological Association, individuals usually become aware of their sexual orientation... a) about three to four years of age. b) between adolescence and young adulthood. c) young adulthood. d) between middle childhood and early adolescence.

d) between middle childhood and early adolescence.

Followers accept the power of ________ because they are drawn to the leader's personal qualities. The appeal of such a leader can be extraordinary, and can inspire followers to make unusual sacrifices or to persevere in the midst of great hardship and persecution. a) traditional authority b) rational-legal authority c) passive-aggressive authority d) charismatic authority

d) charismatic authority

Our ________, not our ________, dictates which illnesses are stigmatized and which are not, which are considered disabilities and which are not, and which are deemed contestable as opposed to definitive by medical professionals. a) biology; culture b) experience; culture c) biology; experience d) culture; biology

d) culture; biology

By marginalizing the rights of women through gender inequality, we... a) protect them from otherwise dangerous pursuits. b) encourage them in their better-suited domestic endeavors. c) build a strong family foundation with a matriarch at home. d) deny ourselves the opportunity to lift men, women and children out of poverty.

d) deny ourselves the opportunity to lift men, women and children out of poverty.

High-income nations have a higher incidence of ________ than lower income nations. a) malaria and tuberculosis b) rubella c) ebola d) depression

d) depression

In sociology, ________ refers to the social institution through which a society's resources are exchanged and managed. a) barter b) technology c) capitalism d) economy

d) economy

The women's movement is also referred to as... a) women's politics. b) gender neutrality movement. c) sexism d) feminism.

d) feminism.

Some groups find it best to join together to maximize their impact. When social movements link their goals to the goals of other social movements and merge into a single group, a ________ occurs. a) prognostic framing b) diagnostic frame c) transformation d) frame alignment

d) frame alignment

According to ________, racism is one way to justify racial inequality in society. a) symbolic-interactionism b) conflict theorists' c) Intersectionists d) functionalism

d) functionalism

The digital divide refers to ________. a) obtaining something needed by soliciting contributions, especially from an online community.digital crowdsourcing b) a form of electronic aggression c) all the ways we have become reliant on technology d) gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not have access to technology

d) gap between those who have access to technology and those who do not have access to technology

The term________ refers to society's concept of how men and women are expected to look and how they should behave. These are based on norms, or standards, created by society. a) sex b) deviance c) gender expression d) gender role

d) gender role

Which of the following involves the deliberate, targeted annihilation of a subordinate group? a) pluralism b) segregation c) expulsion d) genocide

d) genocide

Globalization has led to the development of ________, where internationally integrated economic links connect workers and corporations for the purpose of manufacture and marketing. a) xenophobia b) industrial integration c) global assembly lines d) global commodity chain

d) global commodity chain

Social organizations worldwide take stands on such general areas of concern as poverty, sex trafficking, and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food are examples of a... a) national level social movement. b) local level social movement. c) state level social movement d) global level social movement.

d) global level social movement.

Some of the benefits of ________ include the exponentially accelerated progress of development, the creation of international awareness and empowerment, and the potential for increased wealth a) decolonization b) industrial integration c) mechanization d) globalization

d) globalization

Our earliest human ancestors lived as ________. Small groups of extended families roamed from place to place looking for subsistence. They would settle in an area for a brief time when there were abundant resources. They hunted animals for their meat and gathered wild fruits, vegetables, and cereals. a) Farmers b) industrialists c) crop-sharers d) hunter-gatherers

d) hunter-gatherers

Today, unemployment rates are down in many areas of the United States, the Gross Domestic Product increased 4.6 percent in the second quarter of 2014, property owners have noted a slight increase in the valuation of housing, and the stock market appears to be reinvigorated, but while these and several other factors indicate the United States is on the road to recovery, ________. a) most people have made up their lost earnings b) many people hardest-hit have recouped their losses c) the current workforce is less polarized than ever d) many people are still struggling

d) many people are still struggling

The second most common mental disorders in the United States are... a) anxiety disorders. b) personality disorders. c) developmental disorders d) mood disorders.

d) mood disorders.

Successful social movements use three kinds of frames to further their goals, diagnostic, prognostic, and ________. a) extension b) amplification c) transformation d) motivational

d) motivational

________ encompasses all interactive forms of information exchange. These include social networking sites, blogs, podcasts, wikis, and virtual worlds.

new media