SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM PART 1

The first college level course in Sociology was taught at __________________. a) East Carolina University b) Stanford University c) Oberlin University d) The University of Chicago e) Yale

The University of Chicago (D)

In scientific research, _______ refers to the extent to which a measure produces consistent results and ________ refers to the degree to which a measure of scale truly reflects the phenomenon under study. a) validity; reliability b) variable; sample c) reliability; validity d) predictability; measurability e) quantitative; qualitative

reliability; validity (C)

_______ is a state where norms are confused, unclear or not present. It refers to a breakdown of social norms or a condition where norms no longer control the activities of members of a society. It is also referred to as ____________. a) Sociology; ethnocentrism b) Organic solidarity; socialization c) Anomie; normlessness d) Achieved status; norms e) Verstehen; cultural relativity

Anomie; normlessness (C)

_____________ is considered the founder or "father" of sociology. a) Auguste Comte b) Emile Durkheim c) Lester Ward d) George H. Meade e) Max Weber

August Comte (A)

__________, a symbolic interactionist, wrote, "Society is an interweaving and interworking of mental selves. I imagine your mind and especially what your mind thinks about my mind, and what your mind things about what my mind thinks about your mind... Cooley called this process, in which individuals use others like mirrors, and base their conceptions of themselves on what is reflected back to them during social interaction as ________. a) Charles Cooley; the Looking Glass Self b) Erving Goffman; dramaturgy c) Max Weber; Verstehen d) Robert Denton, Jr.; Strain Theory e) C. Wright Mills; Sociological Imagination

Charles Cooley; the Looking Glass Self (A)

__________ is a process whereby individuals ignore each other to an appropriate degree although noticing that the other is present. a) Self-presentation b) Social status c) Looking glass self d) Discrete inquiries e) Civil inattention

Civil inattention (E)

Karl Marx, a proponent of ____________ perspective of sociology, was concerned with the ongoing struggle between classes and, in particular, the effects of social class exploitation and the resulting differential access to wealth, power and prestige. a) feminism b) multi-culturalism c) structural functionalist d) symbolic interactionism e) conflict

Conflict (E)

The following list contains three of the six ____________________ needed in order to survive and thrive: all societies must organize the activities of their members in order to obtain the basic goods and services for survival; protect their members from internal/external harm; and, replace members lost because of death or emigration are three of the six. a) Social imperatives b) functional imperatives of societies c) patter of little feet d) paradigms of sociology e) fundamental patterns of social interaction

Functional Imperatives of Societies. (B)

The Dorothy and W.I. Thomas Theorem states: a) a setting or scene of performance that helps establish the definition of the situation. b) the transmission of knowledge to new members, rights, obligations and responsibilities and expectations of appropriate behavior of functional for all societies c) a pattern of exchange in which both individuals and groups strive to achieve a shared goal. d) if a situation is defined as real, the consequences are of that definition are quite real, whether the definition is accurate or not. e) life in groups helps to regulate and give meaning to individual experience, contribution to social cohesion and stability.

If a situation is defined as real, the consequences are of that definition are quite real, whether the definition is accurate or not. (D)

____________ is/are the cornerstone of all known human societies. a) Sociology b) Social Sciences c) Institutions d) Language e) Media

Language (D)

One of __________'s contributions to sociology was the introduction of a process by which an outside observer of a culture relates to an indigenous population on _______________________. This process is called________. a) Karl Marx; the norms and values of surrounding cultures and communities; anomie b) Emile Durkheim; the observer's own cultural values and beliefs; functions c) Jane Addams; global consensus of societal and cultural values; imperialism d) Max Weber; that population's own terms rather than interpreting that population by the observer's own culture; verstehen e) Charles Cooley; media based images of current cultural values; homogenization of the news

Max Weber; that population's own terms rather than interpreting that population by the observer's own culture; verstehen (D)

W.E.B. Dubois founded the _________and was the first African American to receive a Ph.D. from Harvard University. a) Hull House b) fore-runner of Planned Parenthood c) dramaturgy d) United Nations e) NAACP

NAACP (E)

Structural Functionalism is based around three key concepts. Two of those concepts are: a) Individuals agree to the socially accepted means to achieve societal goals and legitimate means to meet those goals. b) Social structures exist because they serve a function; if they fail to serve those functions, they will cease to exist. c) Institutions promote inequality and disproportionate access to the means of acquiring wealth, power and prestige. d) Indigenous populations exist as culturally different groups and an ethnocentric view is the best one to apply. e) Normlessness occurs when individuals cannot depend on their institutions to tell them what to do in their daily lives.

Social structures exist because they serve a function; if they fail to serve those functions, they will cease to exist. (B)

Emile Durkheim is most closely associated with the ___________ theoretical perspective of sociology and Max Weber is most closely associated with the ___________ theoretical perspective of sociology. a) Symbolic Interactionism; Feminism b) Conflict; Structural Functionalism c) Structural Functionalist; Symbolic Interactionism d) Theological; Conflict e) Feminism; Symbolic Interactionism

Structural Functionalist; Symbolic Interactionism (C)

According to Robert E. Denton, Jr., in 'Language, Symbols and Media," what were three ways that U.S. society was changed when President Bush referred to the terrorist attacks as "war"? a) Unified the citizens behind a known cause/enemy, silenced critics of the administration, and produced increases in military recruitments. b) Used photographs (such as the "falling man") to stimulate support for the new war, allowed political parties to continue to fight for political ideologies rather than serve the country and lent a new view of terrorism. c) Promoted human communication, gave our allies a clear choice of helping or not helping, and allowed the U.S. to pursue a known enemy. d) Involved militia groups in defending the country, raised awareness of gun laws and treated some law-abiding citizens as outcasts.

Unified the citizens behind a known cause/enemy, silenced critics of the administration, and produced increases in military recruitments (A)

If sociology can be defined as both a systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior, what level of social structure might sociologists examine? a) almost any level, from interactions between two people to large-scale institutions b) only small groups c) large scale social structure that involve entire societies d) mass culture and large institutions e) relations between individuals

almost any level, from interactions between two people to large-scale institutions (A)

An/A ___________ status is one that is assigned to a person by society while an/a _________ status is one that is earned through the personal efforts or achievements of the individual. a) ascribed; achieved b) acquired; assertive c) achieved, ascribed d) assertive; acquired e) essential; illustrative

ascribed; achieved (A)

There are five institutions functioning, in some form, within all human societies. They are: a) economics, family, religion, government and education b) family, media, multi-culturalism, education and government c) religion, education, folkways, laws and mores d) economics, inequality, discrimination, prejudice and stereotypes e) conflict, symbolic interactionism, structural functionalism, globalism and society

economics, family, religion, government, and education (A)

In completing an assignment for his sociology class, Alex inferred that the social customs of the indigenous populations of Africa and Asia were inferior to the cultural values of his own society. Alex is exhibiting a/an _____________________ point of view. a) anthropomorphic b) symbolism c) ethnocentric d) culturally relativistic e) Afrocentric

ethnocentric (C)

Identify the independent variable in the following: does exposure to TV violence increase aggression in children? a) graduation rates b) aggression in children c) drop-out rates d) exposure to TV violence e) music videos and song lyrics

exposure to TV violence (D)

Conflict Theory is a sociological perspective which: a) explains social institutions and their place within society; emphasizing the interdependence of its parts with a tendency toward equilibrium. b) forms a pattern of interaction where groups, individuals and societies work together to achieve shared goals. c) is both a movement and an ideology for equality of women and men in political, social and economic spheres. d) refers to the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. e) focuses on social class exploitation between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat with emphasis on unequal distribution of wealth and differential access to the means to achieve wealth, power and prestige.

focuses on social class exploitation between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat with emphasis on unequal distribution of wealth and differential access to the means to achieve wealth, power and prestige. (E)

Research ethics requires sociologists to disclose their identity as researchers to obtain ________________ from subjects by making their participation voluntary and based on a full understanding of possible risks and benefits that we will not reveal the true identities of subjects. a) conflicts of interest b) creative license c) informed consent d) theoretical traditions e) competence

informed consent (C)

Structural Functionalism views the purposes of social structures as having either ________ functions, the anticipated of intended consequences, or ___________ functions, the unintended or unrecognized consequences. a) ascribed status; achieved status b) manifest; latent c) anomie; verstehen d) dysfunctions; dramaturgy e) mechanical solidarity; organic solidarity

manifest; latent (B)

In the Robert Denton, Jr., article, "Language, Symbols and Media", the reader is introduced to the work of Alex Schmid and Janny deGraaf who present arguments that "terrorists' acts of violence are really acts of communication... and should be viewed as 'violent language'." What are three results the terrorists are hoping to achieve with their "communication"? a) Create symbols for a society, experience the rush of a media blitz and recruit new members. b) Produce fear in the society targeted, disrupt normal everyday life for the people and promote their organization with propaganda. c) Use fear based on sexual orientation to diminish a society from within, stop media coverage of their actions and find new delivery systems for 'dirty bombs'. d) Enlist the aid of malcontents within the society being terrorized, communicate their displeasure to the world at large and attempt to start a world war situation. e) Language is the basis for better human communication and international cooperation.

produce fear in the society targeted, disrupt normal everyday life for the people and promote their organization with propaganda. (B)

The ____________ is a systematic, organized series of steps that ensure maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem or concept. a) hypothesis b) scientific method c) theological method d) reliable method e) quantitative method

scientific method (B)

_________ is defined as the people who live in a specific geographic territory and share elements of a common culture while _______ is the social heritage of a people, including learned sets of beliefs, values, norms and material goods shard by group members. a) Culture; society b) Society; culture c) Verstehen; anomie d) Anomie; verstehen e) The Thomas Theorem; Sociological Imagination

society; culture (B)

British sociologist, Harriet Martineau, compared ____________________________while American sociologist, ____________, was concerned with issues of poverty and homelessness in Chicago, founding the Hull House. a) symbolism and functionalism; George Herbert Mead b) social standings of wealthy industrialist and those of royalty; Charles Cooley c) the positions of women to that of American slaves in society; Jane Addams d) issues of women's rights and sought relief for problems of population, health and birth control; Margaret Sanger e) 1st women's movement goals to those of 2nd women's movement activities; Gloria Steinem

the positions of women to that of American slaves in society; Jane Addams (C)

A random sample is a sample in which every member of an entire population being studied has ________________. a) been selected from a larger population b) shown to be a carefully formulated statement that can be either verified or discarded c) the same chance of being selected d) mixed up measures and scales e) at least four independent variables

the same chance of being selected (C)

Sociology is _______________________________________________________________. a) an elemental process of social groups and society b) the systematic and scientific study of individuals (interactions), social groups and society c) a method of interpreting the social forces in the world around us. d) historically and culturally significant e) a basic humanities requirement for many colleges and universities

the systematic and scientific study of individuals (interactions), social groups and society (B)

During the Age of Enlightenment (Age of Reason), western European culture shifted from a ___________ basis of thought to a ______ one. The center of knowledge and learning changed from the _______ to the _______. a) monotheistic/pagan; country/city b) scientific/post-scientific; church/university c) creationism/monotheism; university/government d) theological/scientific; church/university e) pagan/scientific; rural/urban

theological/ scientific; church/university (D)

As the industrial revolution spread from Western Europe to the United States, three processes were set in place. They are ____________, _______________ and ____________________. a) overturning of the Comstock Laws, suffrage for women was achieved and prohibition became law b) sociology, psychology and anthropology c) theocracy, democracy and imperialism d) traditional religious views, secular views and loss of social interaction e) urbanization, industrialization and mass immigration

urbanization, industrialization, and mass immigration (E)

Comte penned Positive Philosophy which was the first systematic sociological approach to the study of society. He emphasized "Positivism" which included the concepts of: ________________ a) positions of women and that of American slaves. b) survival rates of immigrant women and children c) observation of indigenous populations through personal, cultural lenses. d) use of observation, comparisons, experimentation and looking at history to analyze society. e) conflict among social classes and the rise of capitalism.

use of observation, comparisons, experimentation and looking at history to analyze society (D)