Sociology Final Study
Place the following resarch sgaes in the proper order. 1. Analyze the data 2. Weigh the ethical implications 3. Share the results 4. Collect the data
2 - weigh the ethical implications, 4 - collect the data, 1 - analyze the data, 3 - share the results
Which of the following statements would be considered comon wisdom, as opposed to views based on sociological research? A) "You can tell the gender wage gap is no longer an issue in the United States because my wife makes more money that I do." B) "Women make less income, on average, than men with the same education level." C) "People experiencing homelessness lack adequate shelter because of structural societal issues surrounding employment and housing." D) "Since a major source of public school funding is local property taxes, people in poor school districts recieve less funding than the more well-to-do in suburban school districts.""
A) "You can tell the gender wage gap is no longer an issue in the United States because my wife makes more money than I do."
Match each of the folllowing examples with the corresponding term. A) 18 to 25 year olds B) College graduates C) Race, ethnicity, or sex 1) Social category 2) Achieved Status 3) Ascribed status
A) 18 to 25 year olds - 1) Social category B) College graduates - 2) Achieved status C) Race, ethnicity, or sex - 3) Ascribed status
Match each of the following definitions with the corresponding term A) A group of people who share the same national origin, language, and cultural and religious practices. B) A group of people who share a set of characteristics (usually physical characteristics) deemed by society to be socially significant C) A group that has less power than the dominant population 1) Race 2) Minorities 3) Ethnicity
A) A group of people who share the same national origin, language, and cultural and religious practices - 3) Ethnicity B) A group of people who share a set of characteristics (usually physical characterisitcs) deemed by society to be socially significant - 1) Race C) A group that has less power than the dominant population - 2) Minorities
Match the statement with the corresponding term it exemplifies. A) A sophmore chooses a college major B) A majority of elementary school teachers are female 1) Structure 2) Agency
A) A sophmore chooses a college major - 2) Agency B) A majority of elementary school teachers are female - 1) Structure
Which person was most likely to be a resident in an early city? A) Artisan B) Shepherd C) Livestock breeder D) Farmer
A) Artisan
Which of the following is considered one of the "basic rules of manhood," according to Michael Kimmel? A) Be a "big deal." B) Be a "sounding board." C) No "complementing women." D) "Break the glass ceiling."
A) Be a "big deal."
What are the different types of stratification systems? A) Caste and class B) Organic and mechanical C) Endogamous and exogamous D) Ascribed and achieved
A) Caste and class
Which of the following would be an example of Erving Goffman's concept of misrepresentation? A) Cindi tells her wife that she hasn't been smoking when, in fact she has. B) Thomas asks his student to call him Doctor and has an office away from students C) Debbie shows everyone in the office her new sports car D) Shawn is an umpoire and makes his calls loudly and uses bold gestures.
A) Cindi tells her wife that she hasn't been smoking when, in fact she has
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between crime and deviance? A) Crimes are illegal acts that may or may not be considered deviant. B) Crime is just another term for deviance. C) Crimes is a more general term that deviance. D) Not all deviance is criminal, but all crimes are deviant.
A) Crimes are illegal acts that may or may not be considered deviant.
According to the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, genocide includes which of the following acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group? A) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction B) Drawing electoral districts designed to de facto disenfranchise the group C) Imposing measures intended to prevent business dealkings by the group D) Enacting legislation later determined to have unintended negative consequences for the health of the group
A) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction
Match each of the following examples to the corresponding term A) Emma believes that peopel experiencing homelessness are lazy, despite evidence to the contrary. B) A historically white university gives prefernetial admittance to the children of former students. C) Oscar owns rental properties but when people with foreign-sounding names call to ask aboutu rentals, he tells them there are no openings. 1) Institutional discrimination 2) Individual discrimination 3) Prejudice
A) Emma believes that people experiencing homelessness are lazy, despite evidence to the contrary - 3) Prejudice B) A historically white university gives prefernetial admittance to the children of former students - 1) Institutional discrimination C) Oscar owns rental properties but when people with foreign-sounding names call to ask about rentals, he tells them there are no openings - 2) Individual discrimination
These theories of social change assume all societies begin as "primitive" and eventually develop into more "civilized" societies along a single, linear path. A) Evolutionary theories B) Hegemonic theories C) Conflict theories D) Cyclical theories
A) Evoltuionary theories
According to research, the ---- features of a workplace include the configuration of offices and positions, the officially designated linkages between them (the "organization chart"), and written job descriptions, rules, and procedures. A) Formal B) Objective C) Subjective D) Informal
A) Formal
When Dr. Ryan Alan Sporer is interacting with the class, is he striving to give an expression or to give off expressions? A) Give an expression B) Give off an expression
A) Give an expression
Douglas went to school to become a nurse. Even though his femal nurse counterparts have just as much experience, or sometimes even more, he is promoted quickly. What term best describes this phenomenon? A) Glass escalator B) Standpoint theory C) Labor supply factors D) The second shift
A) Glass escalator
Match each of the following statements below with the corresponding theoretical perspective. A) Globalized norms and values can strengthen social solidarity and serve to reduce conflict between socieities. B) Globalization is a form of impeorialism where powerful nations like the United States use globalization to enrich themselves at the expense of poorer nations. C) Gloablization contributes to increasingly similar socialization, as people encounter others even from across the globed and recognize similar cultural touchstones. 1) Conflict Theory 2) Functionalism 3) Symbolic Interactionism
A) Globalized norms and values can strengthen social solidarity and serve to reduce conflict between societies - 2) Functionalism B) Globalization is a form of imperialism where powerful nations like the United States use golablization to enrich themselves at the expense of poorer nations - 1) Conflict Theory C) Globalization contributes to increasingly similar socialization, as people encounter others even from across the globed and recognize similar cultural touchstones - 3) Symbolic Interactionism
Match each of the following statements with the correct term. A) In this type of relationship, the variables rise and fall together in the same direction. B) This term refers to the <i>accuracy</i> of the measure. C) In this type of relationship, the variables risea nd fall separately in opposite directions. D) This term refers to the consistency of the findings 1) Reliability 2) Valididty 3) Negative correlation 4) positive correlation
A) In this type of relationship, the variables rise and fall together in the same direction - 4) Positive Correlation B) This term refers to the <i>accuracry</i> of the measure - 2) Validity C) In this type of relationship, the variables rise and fall separately in opposite directions - 3) Negative Correlation D) This term refers to the consistencry of the findings - 1) Reliability
Match each of the following clues to the corresponding term. A) It is the extent to which a person experiences a state of mental, physical, and social well-being. B) It focuses on identifying and treating physiological and psychological conditions that prevent a person from achieving a state of normal well-being. C) It focuses on thwarting disease. 1) Health 2) Preventative Medicine 3) Medicine
A) It is the extent to which a person experiences a state of mental, physical, and social well-being - 1) Health B) It focuses on identifying and treating physiological and psychological conditions that prevent a person from achieving a state of normal well-being - 3) Medicine C) It focuses on thwarting disease - 2) Preventative Medicine
Which of the following is a cmmon critisism of the functions of mass media? A) Mass media can encourage passive disengagement of its audience. B) Mass medic can distribute information to a wide audience. C) Mass media can include a variety of opinions D) Mass media often facilitates meaningful debate.
A) Mass media can encourage passive disengagement
Which statement describes the relationship between household poverty and neighborhood poverty? A) Neighborhood poverty makes the negative effects of household poverty even worse B) Neighborhood poverty can help alleviate some of the effects of household poverty C) Household poverty and neighborhood poverty are distinct; non-poor households in poor neighborhoods are unaffected D) Household poverty leads to worsened neighborhood poverty
A) Neighborhood poverty makes the negative effects of household poverty even worse
Match each of the following clues with the corresponding theorist regarding overpopulation. A) Population growth would outspace food production, leading to disaster. B) Population growth has positive economic effects that lead to more innovation. C) Population size and resource availability are not the problem, but rather the unequal distribution of resources in society. 1) Karl Marx 2) Thomas Malthus 3) Julian Simon
A) Population growth would outspacce food production, leading to disaster - 2) Thomas Malthus B) Population growth has positive economic effects that lead to more innovation - 3) Julian Simon C) Population size and resource availability are not the problem, but rather the unequal distribution of resources in society - 1) Karl Marx
What term best describes the ability to mobilize resources and achieve goals despite the resistance of others? A) Power B) Intersectionality C) Inequality D) Globalization
A) Power
----- research methods are often employed through large-scale surveys. A) Quantitative B) Qualitative C) Deductive D) Inductive
A) Quantitative
In sheer number of illegal acts the ---- were more delinquent. A) Saints B) Trouble Makers C) Greasers D) Roughnecks E) Cash Money Brothers
A) Saints
Match each of the following theoretical perspectives to the corresponding statement. A) Sharing a common language allows people to be more easily integrated into society. B) Multiculturalism enriches a society by embracing its differences. C) Cultures must be judged from within rather than from without. 1) Conflict theory 2) Functionalism 3) Cultural relativism
A) Sharing a common language allows people to be more easily integrated into society - 2) Functionalism B) Multiculturalism enriches a society by embracing its differences - 1) Conflict theory C) Cultures must be judged from within rather than from without - 3) Cultural relativism
What term do we use to describe something that can enable or constrain agency? A) structure B) formation C) edifice D) organization
A) Structure
Which of the following is an example of hegemonic ideology? A) The belief that employers should only hire English-language speakers in America. B) The belief that all people have the freedom to determine their own gender and sexuality. C) The belief that both men and owmen are adept to pursue careers in math and science D) The belief that school systems reproduce the existing class system
A) The belief that employers should only hire English- language spearkers in America
---- describes an artificial boundary that allows women to see the next occupational or salary level even as structural obstacles keep them from reaching it. A) The glass ceiling B) Hegemonic masculinity C) Radical feminism D) The matrix of domination
A) The glass ceiling
Which of the following research topics would be best conducted using exisiting information? A) The history of the Blackfoot Native American tribe in northern Montana B) New mothers' attitudes toward child rearing C) If listening to Mozart makes young people more violent D) The opinions of the local community regarding a proposed new library.
A) The history of the Blackfoot Native American tribe in northern Montana
Match each of the following descriptions with the corresponding term. A) The power elite that strives for increased value of developed land. B) More food than is needed C) A permanent settlement of diverse people that is large and dense D) People being concentrated in large, dense settlements 1) City 2) Agricultural Surplus 3) Urbanization 4) Urban growth machine
A) The power elite that strives for increased value of developed land - 4) Urban growth machine B) More food than is needed - 2) Agricultural surplus C) A permanent settlment of diverse people that is large and dense - 1) City D) People being concentrated in large, dense settlements - 3) urbanization
Why did modern sociological ideas and persepctives first develop in 19th century Europe? A) The scientific revolution, the Enlightenment, industrialization, and urbanization first developed there. B) The rest of the world did not begin using the steam engine until World War I. C) Europe is landlockd, so ideas spread easily. D) European intellectuals were the only scholars who were concerned with the nature of social life.
A) The scientific revolution, the Enlightenment, industrialization, and urbanization first developed there
Match each of the following descrriptions below with the corresponding Erving Goffman technique for interaction. A) This is an actor's effort to embody in his or her behaviors the officially accredited norms and values of a community or society. B) This is an actor's effort to mobilize his or her behavior to draw attention to a particular characteristic of the role he or she is assuming. C) Typically reserved for those with status and power, this is an actor's effort to maintain distance from the audience in order to keep people in awe. D) This is an actor's deceptive efforts to maintain a desired impression in the eyes of the audience. 1) Misrperesentation 2) Dramatic realization 3) Mysitfication 4) Idealization
A) This is an actor's effort to embody in his or her behaviors the officially accredited norms and values of a community or society - 4) Idealization B) This is an actor's effort to mobilize his or her behavior to draw attention to a particule characterist of the rolw he or she is assuming - 2) Dramatic realization C) Typically reserved for those with status and power, this is an actor's effort to maintain distance from the audience in order to keep people in awe - 3) Mystification D) This is an actor's deceptive dfforts to maintain a desired impression in the eyes of the audience - 1) Misrepresentation
According to Erving Goffman, a prison is an example of a(n) ----- institution. A) total B) Whole C) Complete D) Absolute
A) Total
According to Mills, when people experience a personal trouble, they seldom connect it to the ups and downs of historic change. A) True B) False
A) True
According to recent figures from the United Nations, there were over 79 million refugees around the globe in 2019. A) True B) False
A) True
According to research, people are staying in the workforce longer becuase of economic pressures to continue working for pay. A) True B) False
A) True
According tot he Nuremberg Code, experiments should be so conducted as to avoid all unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury. A) True B) False
A) True
Apartheid was an extreme form of segregation that controlled not only where members of certain groups could live, but also where they could travel and what hours of the day they could be in different parts of particular cities. A) True B) False
A) True
As a sociologist, you must be mindful of your own underlying assumptions and biases. A) True B) False
A) True
By the early 20th century, most U.S. citizens could be classified as urban. A) True B) False
A) True
Children from less-priveleged backgrounds enter school with a samller amount of validate cultural capital. A) True B) False
A) True
Compared to most other modern countries, the United States is more violent, a factor that compromises safety. A) True B) False
A) True
Failure to seek help can lead others to refuse to confer on the suffering individual the "benefits" of the sick role. A) True B) False
A) True
Health cannot be realized if the body is disease-free, but the mind is troubled, or the social environment is harmful. A) True B) False
A) True
Impoverished girls worldwide are particularly vulnerable to sexual exploitation. A) True B) False
A) True
In some types of fieldwork, the people being studied may not be aware of the research. A) True B) False
A) True
In the United States, the average ife expectancy is around 80 years for females and around 75 years for males. A) True B) False
A) True
In the mid-20th century, more than 70% of those incarcerated in the United States were white. A) True B) False
A) True
In this polarizing time politics, the author found conservatives were open to middle ground on issues like taxes and gun control. A) True B) False
A) True
Individual households that leave poor neighborhoods contribute to even less circulating capital in those neighborhoods. A) True B) False
A) True
Just under half of all new HIV infections are now diagnosed among women. A) True B) False
A) True
Large corporations will likely continue to dominate the global economy. A) True B) False
A) True
Marx argued the members of a small elite enjoy the lion's share of the wealth and resources while the majority is left to take up the crumbs. A) True B) False
A) True
More individuals are using more resources per person than ever before. A) True B) False
A) True
One of the many causes for the spread of HIV/AIDS among women in Africa is that in some traditional communities, it is socially acceptable - or even desirable - for men to have multiple sexual partners both before and after marriage. A) True B) False
A) True
Poverty is a cause, as well as a consequence, of teen pregnancy and birth. A) True B) False
A) True
Social control is when certian groups in society try to contorl the behaviors of others so that they will confrom to established norms or laws. A) True B) False
A) True
Social movements are typically classified according to the direction and degree of change they seek. A) True B) False
A) True
The United States imprisons a higher percentage of its population than any other industrial society. A) True B) False
A) True
The reading indicates that walking is not a "natural" ability of humans. (Hint: term "sociogenic") A) True B) False
A) True
Thomas Malthus believed that overpopulation would eventually begin to devline due to wars, famine, and epidemics. A) True B) False
A) True
Today, as younger adults enter the workforce later, older adults are staying in the workforce longer. A) True B) False
A) True
What question would a conflict theorist likely ask about crime in society? A) Why are street crimes punished so much more harshly than corporate of white-collar crime? B) How might crime be "hardwired" in the brain for some but not others? C) How does crime reaffirm people's beliefs about what is right and dissuade them from deviating? D) How does a criminal learn to adopt the label of criminal and learn criminal skills
A) Why are street crimes punished so much more harshly than corporate or white-collar crimes?
Which of the following was considered a panic? A) Y2K millennium bug B) Expensive Nike shoes C) The Boston Tea Party D) Body piercings
A) Y2K millennium bug
According to Karl Marx, the owner of a big company would be considered which type of class? A) Bourgeoisie B) Lumpen proletariat C) Proletariat D) Superrich
A) bourgeoisie
What do international parties often not intervene despite overwhelming evidence of genocide? A) Perceived cost associated with such action B) Effectiveness of propaganda spread internationally C) Lack of available military power to intervene D) Lack of clear guidance from international conventions
A) perceived cost associated with such action
Lashonda is middle class and has money invested in the stock market. Her investments in the stock market are likely to be in what form? A) Certificates of deposit B) 401 (k) and other retirement accounts C) Gold and other precious metals D) Dividends from corporate stock ownership
B) 401 (k) and other retirement accounts
A ---- crime, such as murder or treason, is a crime that has been deemed severe enough to merit the death penalty. A) Violent B) Capital C) Primary D) White - collar
B) Capital
Which of the following is considered a greenhouse gas? A) Nitrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Argon D) Oxygen
B) Carbon dioxide
Wilson's study focuses on which city? A) Cincinnati B) Chicago C) Cleveland D) Chattanooga
B) Chicago
------ is the ability to evaluate claims about truth by using reason and evidence. A) Theological Reasoning B) Critical Thinking C) Principle Thinking D) Analytial diagnostics
B) Critical Thinking
While Karl Marx believed that ecnomic capital is the key to power in a capitalist system, Pierre Bourdieu extend this idea, that ---- capital can also be a source of power. A) Financial B) Cultural C) Physical D) Academic
B) Cultural
When a couple gets married, they often include the phrase, "til death do us part," implying they anticipate their marriage will last throughout their lives. But reasearch tells us that many marriages end in divorce. Which of the following ocncepts best explains this discrepancy? A) Beliefs and norms B) Cultural inconsistency C) Ethnocentrism D) Material and nonmaterial culture
B) Cultural inconsistency
What prevented the amelioration of the conditions for African Americans in the inner-city during the 1990s? A) Multiculturalism B) Cultural racism C) Post-modernism D) Socialism
B) Cultural racism
Kihye is a sociologist and knows that in order to study another culture, it is important to try to understand the culture from an insider's perspective rather than via the norms and values of Kihye's own culture. What is the term used to describe this perspective? A) Etic view B) Cultural relativism C) Ethic perspective D) Ethnocentrism
B) Cultural relativism
A sign and symbol are the same thing A) True B) False
B) False
About 10% of the total gene pool contributes to racial differences. A) True B) False
B) False
Adults in the urban areas in the 1950s had higher rates of unemployment than in the 1990s. A) True B) False
B) False
Although he passed away just before the Civil War, Senator John Calhoun was one of the earliest historical figures to argue for racial equality. A) True B) False
B) False
At the beginning of the 20th century, median earnings for women working in full-time, year-round jobs were 80% of men's earning. A) True B) False
B) False
Before Dr. Davis' work, no social scientist had ever studied intersex people. A) True B) False
B) False
Carol Gilligan's primary criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development was the Kohlberg had too small a sample size. A) True B) False
B) False
Colleges are total institutions A) True B) False
B) False
Compared to other Western EUropean countries, the US has lower beliefs in the social mobility. A) True B) False
B) False
Data show that the powerful are less likely than those without power to excape punishment for deviance. A) True B) False
B) False
Despite broad cultural differences between Americans and Nigerians, when it comes to how thye parent the two cultures are very similar. A) True B) False
B) False
Deviance is always determined by the most powerful in society. A) True B) False
B) False
Dr. Davis studies intersex, but is not intersex themselves. A) True B) False
B) False
Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whork developed a theory that explains how human language is biologically determined through genetics. A) True B) False
B) False
High culture remains the same over time A) True B) False
B) False
In the second reading the authors state that all fraternities are dangerous places for women. A) True B) False
B) False
Japan, like Russia, is experiencing population growth due to population momentum. A) True B) False
B) False
Liberal feminists argue that women can empower themselves only by joining with other women, not with men. A) True B) False
B) False
Life expectancy in general is consistent among countries of the world. A) True B) False
B) False
Medical sociology is a small and shrinking sub-field sociology. A) True B) False
B) False
Most industrial societies provide excellent health care for their citizens. A) True B) False
B) False
Once private property is created, it can never be turned back into common land. A) True B) False
B) False
Reliability refers to the degree to which concepts and their measurements accurately represent what they intend to represent. A) True B) False
B) False
Since Alexander's family had more money than Tyrec's family, Alexander spent more time with his family than Tyrec. A) True B) False
B) False
Since emotions are chemical and biological processes, they have nothing to do with sociology. A) True B) False
B) False
Since the 1940's intergenerational mobility has increased in the US. A) True B) False
B) False
Supporting politicians that ulitmately worsen your own living conditions is something new in American politics. A) True B) False
B) False
The American Revolution caused a radical growth in urbanization beginning in the 18th century. A) True B) False
B) False
The U.S Census, which is the largest survey in the nation, is conducted every 15 years. A) True B) False
B) False
The author (MOI) believes that society controls individual behavior completley. A) True B) False
B) False
The author believes that Obama connected the nations "original sin" and "dark history" of slavery and Jim Crow with the racist crimes of the present. A) True B) False
B) False
The first reading shows how women are merely "objectified victims". A) True B) False
B) False
The same individuals that behaved disrespectfully to women in high-risk fraternities behaved the same way in low-risk fraternaties. A) True B) False
B) False
The sociological imagination is a scientific view that attributes personal blame for all personal troubles. A) True B) False
B) False
The term transgender refers strictly to people who use surgery and hormones to change their sex to match their correct gender. A) True B) False
B) False
Throughout the day for Bill and Sue, they only dealt with private property regimes. A) True B) False
B) False
Tim Dewey was from Lorain Ohio A) True B) False
B) False
Today, in all societies we find about the same level of indvidualistic behavior A) True B) False
B) False
White-collar crimes are legally only acts of commission, not omission. A) True B) False
B) False
With changes to medical terminology, the intersex community is an agreement with the new terms. A) True B) False
B) False
Exploitation and exclusion are the same social process. A) True B) False
B) False `
Oskar lives in a very poor neighborhood iwth no decen grocery stores. Oskar tends to buy processed goods rather than fresh fruits and vegetables. What term do sociologists use to refer to a neighborhood like Oskar's? A) Nutritional absence B) Food desert C) Food wasteland D) Nutritional desolation
B) Food desert
Your sociological professor assigns each student in your class a survey research assignment, where you will measure the attitudes of students at your school about a topic of interest to you. According to what you have learned about the stages of research, what is the first item on your agenda? A) Review existing knowledge on the topic B) Frame your research question C) Select the appropriate method D) Collect the data
B) Frame your research question
Byron has a major depressive disorder that have been diagnosed by a psychiatrist, and Byron takesn an antidepressant for his condition. WHich of the following is likely response to his condition by his friends, family, and coworkers in modern American society? A) His friends, family, and coworkers are all supportive and view Byron as having a medical condition. B) His friends, family, and coworkers will view his illness as a sign of a character weakness. C) His friends, family, and coworkers will all reject him outright and shun him. D) His friends, family, and coworkers will not react at all, as his condition is irrelevant.
B) His friends, family, and coworkers are all supportive and view Byron as having a medical condition
What did W.I. Thomas and Dorothy Thomas observe that is demonstrated by the way sociologists understand race? A) Socially scientific concepts do not exist B) If peopel define something as real, it is real in its consequences C) Scientifically significant concepts are worthier of study than socially significant concepts D) Objective realities are the only realiities that matter
B) If people define something as real,, it is real in its consequences
What has been the trend for violent and property crime in the last 10 years? A) It has fallen slightly. B) It has fallen steadily. C) It has increased slightly. D) It has increased steadily
B) It has falled steadily
Which category corresponds most closely to the U.S Census Bureau use of the term Hispanic? A) Bracero B) Latinx C) Mexican American D) Spanish-speaker
B) Latinx
Implicit in Davis and Moore's perspective is that the Unites States is a(n) ---, a society in which personal success is based on talent and individual effort. A) Bureaucracy B) Meritocracy C) Democracy D) Oligarchy
B) Meritocracy
Before colonization did aboriginal Australian's own the land? A) Yes B) No
B) No
In the creation of orderly interaction in the control of one person? A) Yes B) No
B) No
As a functionalist, Emile Durkheim was interested in societal cohesion. Which types of solidarity did he describe? A) Functional and mechanical B) Organic and mechanical C) Structural and organic D) Mechanical and structural
B) Organic and mechanical
The reaction to the concerns that immunizations lead to autism, although thoroughly debunked by scientists, continues to cause many parents to not vaccinate their children. This is a good example of which type of crowd behavior? A) Rumor B) Panic C) Dread D) Craze
B) Panic
Why is it difficult to make precise predictions on population growth? A) There is a lack of data from centuries past. B) Predictions depend on assumptions about behavior. C) Some countries will not give us data for our models D) The technology is not advanced enough.
B) Predicitons depend on assumptions about behavior
Which of the following is a societal mentality proposed by Pitirim Sorokin? A) Political primacy B) Primacy of the senses C) Faith and imagination D) Secularism
B) Primacy of the senses
What type of deviance occurs the moment an activity is labeled as deviant? A) Secondary B) Primary C) Tertiary D) Concurrent
B) Primary
Onnab is a sociological researcher studying the Sudanese population of a large city. She is conducting her research by interviewing refugees. What type of research is Onnab employing? A) Objective B) Qualitative C) Deductive D) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
The difference in cost of stolen property between the two groups was trivial, but the ---- probably had a slightly more expensive set of activities. A) Cash Money Brothers B) Roughnecks C) Trouble Makers D) Saints E) Greasers
B) Roughnecks
Florencia is a temporary worker in the United States who falls ill. She decides to return to her home country of Mexico to recover from the illness. Florencia's behavior is an example of ----. A) Preventive medicine B) The salmon bias C) Reverse immigration D) A risk society
B) Salmon bias
Which term best encompasses a person's sexual identity, sexual attraction, and sexual relationships? A) Sex B) Sexuality C) Gender roles D) Gender
B) Sexuality
Which of the following are social forces that a sociologist might examine to study unemployment? A) Race/ethnicity, personality, genetics B) Social networks, race/ethnicity, economics C) Economics, personal troubles, gender/sex D) Personal troubles, social networks, genetics
B) Social networks, race/ethnicity, economics
According to sociologists like Emile Durkheim and Talcott Parsons, what are the functions of religion? A) The distribution of power and maintenance of social order. B) Social solidarity and socialization C) The production and distribution of goods and services and health maintenance D) Integration and the aquisition of knowledge
B) Social solidarity and socialization
Minority groups in America are often disadvantage from birth simply by being a member of their ethnic or racial group, while simply being born white provides advantages. What term do sociologists use to best describe this equality? A) Societal hierarchy B) Social Stratification C) Caste distinctions D) Cultural inconsistency
B) Social stratification
Which of the following contributes the most to concepts of gender? A) Biology B) Society and culture C) Genetics D) Psychology
B) Society and culture
The main reason people consume good in excess is ---- A) Comfort B) Status
B) Status
Which of the following groups engaged in a utopian social movement? A) Tunisian demonstraters, who helped overthrow a decades-long dictatorship. B) The Mennonites, a religious group that lives outside of normal society C) Protestors who demonstrated peacefully following killings of African Americans D) Civil rights activist, who attempt to gain equality before the law for marginalized groups
B) The Mennonites, a religious group that lives outside of normal society
Social movements suffer from ---- when too many people may benefit from the success of a movement's activism without contributing any time or energy to the cause. A) Resource mobilization B) The free rider problem C) Emergent norms D) Counterhegemonies
B) The free rider problem
It is possible for an individual to have high cultural capital, but low economic capital. A) No B) Yes
B) Yes
In 1965 the average CEO recieved 24 times more income than the average employee. What was the ration in 2014? A) 145 times more B) 80 times more C) 300 times more D) 900 times more
C) 300 times more
In 2016, over 190 countries signed the Paris Agreement in an effort to combat global climate change, recognized as a threat to all the world's countreis. This reflects a framework of ----. A) A pandemic B) Environmental racism C) A risk society D) Preventative medicine
C) A risk society
Felicia is a student researching mass shootings in America and is looking for some common thread between these incidents. What will Felicia discover in her research? A) Most of the shooters are of Middle Eastern descent B) Police only take the cases seriously if the shooters are poor C) Almost al of the shooters are men D) Nearly all the victims are women
C) Almost all the shooters are men
Adrien is teaching his new puppy to be housebroken. He uses a series of rewards and punishments to accomplish this, and in time, the puppy learns to bark at the door when it needs to go to the bathroom. Because Adrien took both psychology and sociology last semester, he knows that this technique for house breaking his puppy is called ----. A) Social learning B) Psychoanalysis C) Behaviorism D) Canine Socilization
C) Behaviorism
What country is fast becoming the world's major contributor to greenhouse gases? A) Japan B) Brazil C) China D) Canada
C) China
The reason police choose to disregard the Saints delinquencies lies in the ---- structure of American society. A) Gendered B) Caste C) Class D) Racial E) Geographic
C) Class
Rhys is a sociological researcher who analyzes Facebook posts. Which form of resarch method does he carry out? A) Strartified sampling B) Fieldwork C) Content analysis D) Experimentation
C) Content analysis
Daniel is a software developer who loves to get tattoos, piercings, and body modifications. However, he lives in an upper-middle-class section of the suburbs among an aging poopulation of neighbors who do not like Daniel's body art. Those in his community mumble about him behind his back, glare at him in the grocery store, and even conrton him angrily at times. What sociological term would describe how Daniel's community views his body art? A) Pluralistic B) Criminal C) Deviant D) Perverted
C) Deviant
The development of the Tea Party from a collective protest against "big government" into a political movement emphasizing the election of politicians adhering to the central ideas of the U.S Constitution, limited government, and lower taxes and spending is an example of which theory? A) Contagion theory B) Value-added theory C) Emergent norm theory D) Epidemic Theory
C) Emergent norm theory
Juanita is a sociological researcher whose research involves breaking social norms in specific situations. She watches people's reactions to the violations. In doing so, she learns a great deal about the nature of the norm itself and the rules for interaction. Which approach is Juanita using? A) Phenomenology B) Social exchange theory C) Ethnomethodology D) Dramaturgical analysis
C) Ethnomethodology
In the early 2010s, an acitivty called "planking" became popular on social media. It involved young people taking pictures of themselves lying face down in different public places and posting them online. However, it quickly lost popularity and is no longer common on social media. What term best describes planking? A) Riot B) Panic C) Fad D) Fashion
C) Fad
Julie is seven years old. She has learned that as a girl, she is supposed to place great importance in her physical beauty. She expresses a desire to try on makeup and pays close attention to what types of female clothing are in style. Which term best fits what Julie is learning? A) Queer theory B) Hegemonic masculinity C) Gender roles D) The glass escalator
C) Gender roles
George lives in a wealthy suburb outside of the central city, while Sara lives in a very poor area in the inner central city. Given only this information, which of the following statements best describes their relationship to one another in their society? A) George is a harder worker than Sara B) Sara did not apply herself in school as much as George did C) George has more opportunities than Sara. D) George and Sara have an equal chance of succeeding financially in life
C) George has more opportunities than Sara.
Marianna is a 17-year-old Black American girl living in a high-poverty area. Which of the following is Marianna likely to encounter? A) Affordable food B) Manufacturing industry opportunities C) High crime D) High-quality housing
C) High crime
Why do prisons often fial at the resocialization of inmates? A) Prisons do not commit to the resocialization process. B) Inmates are genetically and biologically distinct from the general population. C) Inmates identify more with their fellow prisoners than with the adminstration. D) Inmates are n ot monitored carefully enough
C) Inmates identify more with their fellow prisoners than with the adminstration.
What term best descries the confluence of social statuses that shape people's lives, access to resourcesa and power, justice, health, and well-being? A) Ethnocentrism B) Inequality C) Intersectionality D) Symbols
C) Intersectionality
A lack of a choherent present stems predominately from ----- A) Poverty B) Racism C) Joblessness D) Segregation
C) Joblessness
Which of the following is a criticism of Malthus's theory of overpopulation? A) Malthus could not understand the carrying capacity of the planet. B) Malthus ignored the unequal distribution of wealth as a variable. C) Malthus did not take into consideration human innovation in food production. D) Malthus's predicitons were to reminiscent ofthe Christian Apocalypse.
C) Malthus did not take into consideration human innovation in food production
Marina is a 30-year-old wife and mother of two small children who works full-time at Walmart. She and her husband consider themselves a typical married couple in terms of division of household labor. Given this, which of the following statements is most likely true of Marina? A) Marina and her husband have hired outside help to take over responsibility for childcare and household duties. B) Marina's husband is a stay-at-home Dad who performs all of the childcare and household duties while his wife works. C) Marina, after working 8 hours, comes home and spends more time than her husband caring or the children and taking care of household duties. D) Marina and her husband split the childcare and household duties in half
C) Marina, after working 8 hours, comes home and spends more time than her husband caring or the children and taking care of household duties.
Irena is a white woman with a doctorate in sociology, who also identifies as lesbian. Her combination of identites associates her with both powerful groups- white, educated- and marginalized groups- women, LGBTQ+. Which concept does this example demonstrate? A) Queer theory B) Standpoint epistemology C) Matrix of domination D) Liberal feminism
C) Matrix of domination
--- are the largest group of Latinxs in the United States, accounting for over 60% of the population. A) Cuban Americans B) Colombian Americans C) Mexican Americans D) Puerto Ricans
C) Mexican Americans
Which term describes a measure of wealth that excludes illiquid personal assets, such as the home and vehicles? A) Wealth B) Income C) Net financial assets D) Net income
C) Net financial assets
Which of the following statements is true about HIV/AIDS? A) Only a small minority of people infected with HIV have access to antiretroviral therapy. B) The majority of HIV infections are in children under the age of 15 C) NEw infections of HIV/AIDS have been decreasaing in the past 15 years. D) Men are more likely than women to acquire HIV through violence.
C) New infections of HIV/AIDS have been decreasing in the past 15 years.
Fatima is a sociology student who is currently taking an in-class exam. She did not study for the exam, so she decides to copy answers from the student sitting next to her. Which of the following did Fatima violate? A) Mores, laws, values B) Values, folkways, taboos C) Norms, mores, values D) Laws, trust, mores
C) Norms, mores, values
People who belong to oppressed groups and create counter hegemonies that challenge dominant ideas are called ----. A) Grassroots organizers B) Rise-and-fall theorists C) Organic Intellectuals D) Conscience constituents
C) Organic Intellectuals
Which disease has been almost completely eradicated due to vaccinations? A) Syphilis B) Malaria C) Polio D) HIV
C) Polio
According to the sociological persepective, why is blaming the poor an incomplete view of poverty? A) We overlook the power of entrepreneurship in our class society. B) Only poor people need to work harder and "pull themselves up by their own bootstrap." C) Powerful social forces determine the opportunities available to each person. D) We have a moral obligation to help the poor.
C) Powerful social forces determine the opportunities availble to each person
What term describes a social tendency to provide an environment conductive to sexual assualt? A) Victimization culture B) Male aggressive society C) Rape culture D) Rape society
C) Rape culture
Which of the following best represents the conflict view of smoking? A) Smokers are mostly higher income individuals with high-stress jobs. B) Politicians are corrupted by bribes from the tobacco industry C) Smokers get pleasure from smoking, but cigarette companies benefit more from the smokers' purchases of their goods. D) The creation of jobs by the tobacco industry is functional
C) Smokers get pleasure from smoking, but cigarette companies benefit more from the smokers' purchases of their goods.
Natalya is a sociologist who studies poverty. Her view is that poverty stems from the notion that there are irreconcilable, competing interests between the wealthy and the poor and that the wealthy use their power to maintain their own status, even at the expense of the poor. Given this, what type of sociological theory is Natalya likely to follow? A) Symbolic Interactionism B) Structural Functionalism C) Social Conflict Theory D) Rational Choice Theory
C) Social Conflict Theory
Which theoretical perspective would argue that cigarette smoking is about much more than tobacco rolled in paper and might symbolize matruity, ruggedness, or rebellion? A) Functionalist perspective B) Feminist Perspective C) Symbolic interactionist perspective D) Conflict perspective
C) Symbolic interactionist perspective
What did the study of women who play fantasy football find? A) They found that women fantasy sports players were better than men and sought to take over the games. B) Women fantasy sports players saw playing as a way to meet and attract men. C) They found that women fantasy sports players saw this domain as a male space where they felt "highly visible." D) Women fantasy sports players did not have the sports knowledge to play these games
C) They found that women fantasy sports players saw this domain as a male space where they felt "highly visible."
How many different intersex traits are there? A) 2 B) 12 C) 7 D) 20
D) 20
How many dimensions are there in the Risman's theory of the gender structure? A) 5 B) 6 C) 4 D) 3
D) 3
Which of the following scenarios would be a serious threat to a researcher's objectivity? A) A researcher asks other researchers to check questions to make sure non are leading. B) A researcher studies a particular topic because he or she finds it fascinating. C) A researcher is hired by a company to investiate a topic D) A researches chooses a sample of respondents who will liekly confirm her or his hypotheses.
D) A researcher chooses a sample of respondents who will likely confirm her or his hypotheses.
Which is not a reason given for joblessness in the inner city? A) Globalization B) Employers discriminatin C) Computerization D) Affirmative action E) Suburbanization
D) Affirmative action
Which of the following statements is true regarding crime? A) There is widespread agreement as to whether crimes are deviant. B) Crimes are considered deviant by all members of a society C) Almost all phenomena considered deviant in society are also criminal. D) All crimes are considered deviant to some group in society
D) All crimes are considered deviant to some group in society
What is positivism? A) The laws that govern social change B) When sociologists are hopeful about the outcome of their studies C) The accepted social beliefs of society D) an approach to research that is based on scientific evidence
D) An approach to research that is based on scientific evidence
After WWI, many German Americans joined the military, started speaking exclusively in English, and started to show their friends and neighbors that they were America. What term captures what many German Americans were trying to achieve? A) Segregation B) Expulsion C) Cultural pluralism D) Assimilation
D) Assimilation
Ephraim is a physician in 1850. He becomes fascinated with the causes of the criminal behavior that is widespread in his city. Ephraim decides to study the issue and develop sa few possible theories for criminal behavior. Which of the following is most likely Ephraim's conclusion as to why people commit crimes? A) Poverty and population density lead to criminal behavior B) The subculture of the poor encourages criminal behavior. C) Psychological damage done in the criminal's childhood most likely leads them to crime. D) Biological or anatomical abnormalities can predict whether someone will become a criminal
D) Biological or anatomical abnormalitites can predict whether someone will become a criminal
Which of the following is not responsible for racial antagonisms. A) Social situations B) Political Situations C) Economic situations D) Biological situations
D) Biological situations
How are collective behavior theories different from social movements theories? A) Social movement theories are just a subset of collective behavior theories. B) Social movement theories are much older than the more contemporary collective behavior theories. C) Social movement theories tend to focus on the passive, reactive side of human behavior, while collective behavior theories see humans as active creators of their own histroy. D) Collective behavior theories tend to focus on the passive, reactive side of human behavior, while social movement theories see humans as active creators of their own history.
D) Collective behavior theories tend to focus on the passive, reactive side of human behavior, while social movement theories see humans as active creators of their own history.
Adam belongs to the majority ethnic group in his country. When he sees groups with less political power portrayed stereotypically in the media, it reinforces and legitmizes the existing power structures by suggesting that some people are genetically inferior. Which sociological theory best explains Adam's attitude? A) Functionalist perspective B) Social exchange perspective C) Symbolic interactionist perspective D) Conflict perspective
D) Conflict perspective
Nishant is shopping at a mall with his wife. When they go into the food court to eat, they find it very busy, with throngs of people all around. What is the term sociologists use to describe this kind of collectivity? A) Mass B) Horde C) Group D) Crowd
D) Crowd
Which of the following statements is a concern when formulating a research question? A) Conduct an expansive review of the existing literature after data collection B) Frame your questions to fit your hypothesis C) Leaving the question braod D) Defining your terms
D) Defining your terms
Which of the following statements is true about deviance? A) Deviance is restricted to specific groups, genders, and generations. B) Deviance is a universal, objective concept. C) Deviance exists in the action, not the reaction to it. D) Deviance encompasses not only crimes but also noncriminal attitudes, practices and conditions.
D) Deviance encompasses not only crimes but also noncriminal attitudes, practices and condtitions.
Some poeple view the "English- only" movement as a way to integrate people into society and provide the "social glue" that holds society together. This viewpoint is most likely supported by which of the following theoretical perspectives? A) Conflict theory B) Symbolic interactionism C) Social exchange theory D) Functionalism
D) Functionalism
Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci highlighted ----, which represents dominant ideas that lead people to consent to their own denomination. A) Organic solidarities B) Differnetiations C) Rise-and-fall theories D) Ideological hegemony
D) Ideological hegemony
Which of the following could be included in possible and proper operational defintions of social class? A) education, race, gender B) Political affiliation, race, gender C) wealth, income, political affiliation D) income, wealth, and education
D) Income, wealth, and education
Which theorectical perspecitve is most likely to be concerned with how deviance is contructed? A) Rational choice B) Functionalist C) Conflict D) Interactionist
D) Interactionist
How do George Herbet Mead and Sigmund Freud's theories of development compare? A) Freud saw socilization as a lifelong process relying on many socialization agents, while Mead though it stopped at a young age. B) Both Mead and Freud believed socilization is a lifelong process. C) Both Mead and Freud believed socilaization stopped at a young age. D) MEad saw socialization as a lifelong process relying on many socialization agents, while Freud thought it stopped at a young age
D) Mead saw socilization as a lifelong process relying on many socialization agents, while Freud thought it at a young age.
Melissa is an owner of a large company, while Sigmund is one of her employees who cleans the office. According to Marx, what social classes would Melissa and Sigmund fit into? A) Melissa is upper middle class, while Sigmund is middle class. B) Melissa is labor, while Sigmund is a capitalist C) Melissa is proletariat, while Sigmund is bourgeoisie. D) Melissa is bourgeoisis, while Sigmund is proletariat.
D) Melissa is bourgeoisie, while Sigmund is proletariat
Which of the following types of social movements works for change inside the existing political or legal system? A) Revolutionary B) Rebellious C) Reactionary D) Reformist
D) Reformist
The ---- missed a lot of school and the teachers didn't even know they were gone. A) Trouble Makers B) Cash Money Brotheres C) Roughnecks D) Saints E) Greasers
D) Saints
A ---- group involves participating groups ofwomen who pool their money, agree on guidelines for investing or lending in their communities, and organize their resources to serve local needs. A) Labor supply B) Second shift C) Socialist feminist D) Savings-led microfinance
D) Savings-led microfinance
According to research, which of the following is true about seniors? A) Seniors often become more defiant and deviant in old age. B) Seniors are more likely than younger adults to disengage from society. C) Seniors are more likely than younger adults to disengage from institutions that previously played key roles in their lives. D) Seniors often become more pilitically acitve in old age.
D) Seniors often become politically acitve in old age
Zoe grows up in a suburban household, raised by college graduates who both make more than $80,000 a year. Zoe's children and her grandchildren are also college graduates and also make large salaries. The way in which this social standing is prelicated from generation to generation is known as ----- . A) Social capital duplication B) Social position replication C) Social wealth reconstruction D) Social Class Reproduction
D) Socal class reproduction
Which theoretical paradigm originated in the Chicago School, in the lectures of George Herbert Mead on the importance of social engagements? A) Positivism B) Structural Functionalism C) Conflict Theory D) Symbolic interactionism
D) Symbolic Interactionism
Which of the following statements best explains the differences in family and peer influence on children as they grow? A) By the time children get to school age, the family generally no longer has a significant influence B) Peers generally have more influence when the child is young, while the family gains signifcant influence as children get older. C) From the time children are about age three, both the family and peers generally have equal influence. D) The family generally has more influence when the child is young, while peers gain significant influence as children get older.
D) The family generally has more influence when the child is young, while peers gain significant influence as children get older
Which one of the following is an example of sociological imagination? a) Personal laziness is the reason people are homeless b) Women don't have interest in science that is why there are fewer women scientists c) Rich people are rich because they work hard d) The number of people who are unemployed rises and falls because of government policies and business decisions
D) The number of people who are unemployed rises and falls because of government policies and business decisions
Which of the following statements best characterizes social control theory? A) A perosn's control over their own deviant behavior results directly from their access to legitimate means to accomplish societal goals B) The likelihood of deviance for any indvidual stems from the amount of control exercised by thte criminal just system over them. C) People develop social control over their own deviant behavior by witnessing deviance and seein ghow others respond negatively to it. D) The stronger the social bonds a person has with nondeviant people, gorups, and institutions, the more likely they are to conform to society''s norms and avoid deviance.
D) The strong the social bonds a person has with nondeviant people, groups, and institutions, the more likely they are to confrom to society's norms and avoid deviance.
Which of the following statements best describes the distinction between the working class and the working poor? A) The working poor are slightly better educated than the working class. B) The working class struggles to meet even basic needs. C) The working class is often seen as "invisible" in U.S. society D) The working poor have lower incomes and little or no wealth
D) The working poor have lower incomes and little or no wealth
How were Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx alike as sociological theorists? A) They both developed functionalist theories. B) They both developed social conflict theories. C) They both developed theories based on French industrialism D) They both developed macro-level sociological theories
D) They both developed marcro-level sociological theories
A movie is released in Hollywood that depicts a developing country as run down and backwards but praises the main character from this country for being resourceful and succeeding despite their background. How might a conflict theorist analyze this kind of movie from a global perspective? A) They would focus on how the movie allowed different culutres to have a better understanding of one another. B) They would focus on how it could be called "a globalized masterpiece." C) They would focus on how the movie brought differnet cultures together. D) They would focus on how Western companies made huge profits, while actors from the depicted country were paid very little.
D) They would focus on how Western companies made huge profits, while actors from the depicted country were paid very little
Which of the following statements best describes changes in retail and food service jobs from the 1980s through the 1990s. A) The quality of the jobs has improved slightly, and the quantity of the jobs improved overall B) Both the quality and quantity of jobs improved significantly C) While the quality of jobs createdc in this period helped push down the unemployment rate, the quantity of jobs created has not improved D) While the quantity of jobs created in this period helped push down the unemployment rate, the quality of jobs created has not improved.
D) While the quantity of jobs created in this period helped push down the unemployment rate, the quality of jobs created has not improved.
Which of the following is part of the six simple rules to think critically? A) obey authority and make evidence-based arguments B) Accept anecdotal evidence and ask questions C) Ask questions and accept anectodal evidence D) ask questions and make evidence-based arguments
D) ask qeustions and make evidence-based arguments
