sociology midterm
Which sociological research project involves the use of social network analysis to understand Covid-19?
using big data to trace the spread of covid- 19 regions
Identify each statement as a value, a norm, or neither. Treat teachers with respect.
value
Which of the following sociologists was one of the first to do work in the area of social network analysis (SNA)?
Georg Simmel
The introduction to this chapter discusses two types of Instagram accounts: "rinsta" (real Instagram) and "finsta" (fake Instagram). Identify the descriptions as either "rinsta" or "finsta" accounts.
RINSTA:- viewable to close friends, acquaintances, and even people the user has never met -feature the filtered version of who you are and how you want to be seen FINSTA: -may represent a more genuine depiction of your true self -likely include inside jokes and unflattering selfies
Identify the true and false statements about survey research.
Survey research is quantitative in nature. Survey research mainly uses closed-ended questions.
Place the following steps in sequential order, according to a researcher conducting ethnographic research.
access, rapport, field notes, analysis
Diamond believes that humans have free will and are not deeply constrained by their social circumstances. Diamond is a big believer in which sociological concept?
agency
What practice did Bernard McGrane suggest that individuals adopt to better understand the world around them?
beginner's mind
Power can be - when it is backed by the threat of force
coercive
By expecting this behavior to produce a positive reward, Alfonso is demonstrating ---
compliance
Mark just bought a brand-new Subaru hybrid after driving a twenty-year-old car for a long time. He is really impressed with his new car and takes every opportunity to drive his friends around in it. Over the next year, three of his friends buy new Subarus and three others are seriously considering doing so. Which concept best describes what is happening in Mark's network?
contigation
Power is the ability to---
control others
The differences between a group and a ____ is whether the members identify with one another and whether interaction is temporary or permanent.
crowd
The -approaches their social world with practical knowledge
everyday actor
TRUE OR FALSE Someone who admits that he has a problem, such as alcoholism, but wants to shake the stigma associated with it and change his life for the better, is experiencing tertiary deviance.
false
TRUE OR FALSE The term "deviant" refers to a moral, not a social, judgment.
false
TRUE OR FALSE? Microsociology is like a wide-angle lens perspective on society, whereas macrosociology is like a zoom lens perspective on society.
false
If adolescents share ___________ with others, they are most likely to form peer subcultures with them.
interests
An employee at the local Department of Motor Vehicles puts in an eight-hour shift and then goes to a local bar and grill to celebrate a coworker's birthday. What aspect of bureaucracy does this situation highlight?
interpersonal relationships help humanize bureacracys
What is one of the main points of Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema"?
it is easy to take one's culture for granted
What is one of the biggest problems with nonacademic uses of research methods?
it often has a lack of rigorous standards.
Identify the types of functions Robert Merton theorized were necessary for the social cohesion of different structures.
latent manifest
Place each major study of social networks in order of its publication, from first to last.
mark- strength of weak ties hoffman and toress- article on gender networks, and employment
Which of the following nonacademic uses of sociological methods is most common?
market research
is a paradigm that places trust in the power of science and technology to create progress, solve problems, and improve life
modernism
a woman walking down an American street with no shirt or bra on
more
Which statement correctly explains the difference between participant observation and autoethnography?
only in autoethnography are feelings and actions of the researcher a focal point of the study
First Goal of Socialization examples
-Parents teach children how to eat food. -Schools teach students how to gain employment that will allow them to provide for themselves.
Second Goal of Socialization examples
-Schools teach students that gainful employment is something to be valued and respected. -Peers teach youth what type of clothing is stylish and desirable.
Which of the following are important elements in Weberian theory?
-the role of the Protestant religion in transforming European economies -verstehen
the scientific method in the correct order.
1) identify a problem or ask a question 2)conduct a literature review 3)form a hypothesis 4)choose a research design or method 5)collect data 6)Analyze data 7)disseminate findings
Which scholar's research sparked debate about both ethical and legal violations?
Alice Goffman
Identify the true and false statements about Herbert Blumer.
Blumer gave Mead's theory the name it now goes by: symbolic interactionism. Blumer was a graduate student and later a professor at the University of Chicago. Blumer appealed for researchers to get "down and dirty" with the dynamics of social life.
Which social theorist introduced the idea of the sociological imagination?
C. Wright Mills
Identify each example as either instrumental or expressive leadership.
Instrumental Leadership: -Your boss does not care that forcing employees to work through the weekend may hurt morale. The project must be done by Monday. -The CEO of McDonald's knows that laying off 500 workers will bring discord among other employees but knows they must do so to meet quarterly goals. Expressive leadership: -The owner of your local coffee shop considers requiring workers to open the store at 4:30 a.m. but after considering the undue stress it may add to employees, decides not to implement the change.
Otaku culture originated in what country?
Japan
who wrote Manifesto of the Communist Party
Karl Marx
Who coined the phrase "value-free sociology"?
Max Webber
What is the definition of socialization?
The process of learning and internalizing the values and beliefs and norms of our social group by which we become functioning members of society.
TRUE OR FALSE People who play games such as World of Warcraft or Fortnite make up virtual communities.
True
The phenomenon of social deviance can be studied through many different sociological lenses. Identify how social deviance would be viewed through the lens of symbolic interactionist theory.
a focus on individual psychology rather than on the social dynamics of large populations a recognition of the impact of assigning labels to behaviors and to people
In the context of the scientific method, what is the definition of a hypothesis?
a theoretical statement explaining the relationship between two or more phenomena
What type of research is involved in this scenario? A sociologist fields a survey that collects data on where high school students apply to college. After some preliminary analysis, they attempt to use their data to create a new program that will encourage low-income students to apply to more rigorous colleges that may be a better fit for them. The researcher hopes that the program will increase the percentage of low-income students who attend elite colleges.
action research
Which of the following is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
an indigenus people have no equivelent words for plant. earth, or world,they do not view a macro picture of multiple planets
How did Tressie McMillan Cottom's early work experience influence her sociological research?
as a college recruiter she saw economic exploitation of students. now she studies inequality and for non profit education.
if legitimated, provides
authority
Which of the following areas may present ethical concerns for individuals conducting social science research?
deception confidentiality
Which cultural concept correctly describes the idea of equality in the United States?
ideal culture
Identify each statement as a value, a norm, or neither. Teachers are more important to society than firefighters or doctors.
neither
a toddler throwing a tantrum and lying down in the middle of a supermarket
neither
Researchers in a psychology experiment (Rosenhan 1973) applied labeling theory to the diagnosis of schizophrenia in a psychiatric setting. What was the experimental design?
non schizophrenic first feigned mental illness, then reverted to normal behavior. The goal was to see how the doctor interpreted the change.
Identify each statement as a value, a norm, or neither. Striking a teacher is against the law.
norm
Which of the following are necessary for a behavior or characteristic to be defined as deviant?
norms group reactions
Which statement captures a major point Sherry Turkle makes about communication in her latest book, Reclaiming Conversation?
online communication reduces our ability to conduct meaningful face-to-face communication
dentify the examples of cultural leveling.
ou can watch Game of Thrones in Uzbekistan. The existence of Walmart, Starbucks, McDonald's and other chain stores in the vast majority of American towns.
Which of the following are characteristics of a sociologist, as described by Peter Berger?
passionate about human affairs intellectually curious intellectually daring
Conversely, - is a paradigm that suggests that social reality is diverse, pluralistic, and constantly in flux.
postmodernism
Place the following stages of child development on the timeline in chronological order, according to George Herbert Mead's theory of the development of the social self.
prepatory play game
After watching a commercial that claimed that wearing Nike brand clothing makes amateur athletes perform better, Alfonso followed the--- by purchasing Nike sneakers
prescription
consider how the sociologist's own high school experience might shape how they engage the marching band context
reflexitively
What is the central message of postmodernism?
rejection of the idea of a single, shared understanding of history and society
A sociologist is conducting an ethnographic study of a marching band. Match each element of ethnography to the corresponding research activity.
ride on the bus hang out w the people- participant observation
Match each term to the correct definition. role-? status-? Role conflict-? Role strain-?
role: the set of behaviors expected of someone because of their status Status: a position in a social hierarchy that carries a particular set of expectations Role conflict: experienced when we occupy two or more roles with contradictory expectations Role strain: experienced when there are contradictory expectations within one role
In labeling theory, what is the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance?
secondary deviance is an eventual effect of primary deviance, which is the initial deviant behavior
the --approaches the world by using reasoning and questions to gain deeper insights.
social analyst
Works of fiction such as The Jungle Book are retellings of myths about feral children. These stories highlight the sociological concept of _______, but some real-world examples of kidnapping and abuse are no myth.
social isolation
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, has a rule that if a team cannot be fed by two pizzas, the team is too large. The "two pizza" rule exemplifies the concept of ____________.
social loafing
According to Erving Goffman, when one is labeled a deviant and experiences stigma, what does that individual acquire?
spoiled identity
A sociologist thinks they have discovered a very interesting and unique finding. Their data show a correlation between children's shoe sizes and their reading test scores. They think that children with bigger feet must be smarter. What is the most logical explanation based on this information?
the relationship between shoe size and reading test scores is spurious
Erving Goffman suggests there are three main types of stigma: physical, moral, and ______
tribal
TRUE OR FALSE Robert Merton's typology identifies five routes for individuals based on cultural goals and institutionalized means—conformity, ritualism, innovation, retreatism, and rebellion—and all but one is deviance by Merton's definition.
true
TRUE OR FALSE Modern cultural imperialism is closely linked to the proliferation of Western media
true
Identify the original principles of conflict theory.
understanding how conflict is essential for social change critiquing existing social arrangements and exposing their inner workings
Identify the following as either violent crime or property crime.
violent: rape murder aggravated assault robbery Property arson motor vehicle theft larceny burglary
who wrote The Division of Labor in Society
Émile Durkheim
Identify the sociologists who are functionalists.
Émile Durkheim Talcott Parsons Robert Merton
A sociologist wants to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Identify the activities that could realistically be part of the research.
--analyzing player statistics, such as time played and level achieved --becoming a player and observing interactions in real time
According to a study from 2018, what percentage of U.S. teens were victims of cyberbullying at some point in their lives?
59
Who wrote The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
Max Webber
Three of the most famous postmodern theorists include Jacques Derrida, Jean Baudrillard, and
Michel Foucault
Studied racial inequality, then worked for change on issues including racism, childhood obesity, and challenges working mothers face
Michelle Obama
Identify the most predominant agents of socialization.
CORECT: peers the family schools the media INCORECT: businesses churches hospitals
TRUE OR FALSE The location, time period, and family into which individuals are born affect their set of meanings about how the world works.
True
TRUE OR FALSE Any physical object that has social meaning can be considered a part of material culture.
True
Pablo comes from a low-income family but worked hard in school and earned a full scholarship to Stanford University. Pablo is worried that his peers and professors will recognize his background and treat him differently, so he wears new clothes and attempts to hide his accent on the first day of classes. When Pablo goes home for the weekend, he leaves his new clothes behind in his dorm and does not mask his accent.Which sociological concept best explains Pablo's behavior and interactions with others?
impression managment
The National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA) is an example of what stigma-related concept?
in- group operation
A citizen group sends letters to the governor of a southern state and asks her to reconsider stopping the execution of a man on death row convicted of murdering a police officer. The governor declines, stating that the purpose of the criminal justice system is to remove this convicted murderer from society so that everyone else can be protected.What type of justification for punishment is used by the governor?
incapitation
develop freindly convorsational relationsnhips with the band members
rapport
Identify the elements that are associated with Émile Durkheim's functionalist theoretical perspective.
solidarity positivist sociology
An educator is disgusted with standardized testing and teaching methods that lead students to simply gain a credential rather than actually learn about the world. She decides to start a charter school that employs innovative teaching methods, doesn't give students grades, and encourages creative thinking over rote learning. How would Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance classify this educator?
a rebel
A sociologist conducts an experiment to see how watching a documentary on young men in gay relationships affects individual attitudes toward gay marriage. Both men and women are given a survey, but only those in the experimental group watch the video before answering the survey questions. Identify the dependent variables in this experiment.
attitudes toward gay marriage
Place each theoretical perspective next to the corresponding case study in the table.
children gain a sense of self through imgaination, play, and games, in which they learn various roles and take on the perspective of others-----mind, self, and society parents and signifigant others serve as a reflection to children who develop a sense of self on their aprraisals, wether they be real or not.----- lookikng glass self children learn the art of impression managment and ,may present a different self to their parents than to other children or teachers----- dramaturgy
American criminologist Richard Quinney theorized that capitalism—and the exploitation and oppression of the working class—make deviant and even criminal behavior nearly inescapable for workers. The ruling class can make laws that target the poor. When the poor act out against repression, they become targets for law enforcement, while the rich and powerful remain free to do what they like. Quinney's theory falls under which sociological perspective?
conflict theory
Identify the principles that were explained in Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's 2009 work on social networks.
connection contagion
The controversy surrounding the "bathroom bills" of North Carolina and other states is an example of which of the following concepts?
cultural wars
Match each social theorist to how his work relates to social deviance theory.
eveloped strain theory as a functionalist account of social deviance-- Robert Metron applied labeling theory to the question of how deviance begins-- Howard Becker offered a functionalist theory of deviance--- Émile Durkheim applied social interactionist theory to the dynamics of stigma----Erving Goffman
TRUE OR FALSE Although American culture is highly visible worldwide via the media, the moral and political values of the country are not highly visible.
false
TRUE OR FALSE If two variables are correlated, a change in one must directly produce a change in the other.
false
TRUE OR FALSE In their research, Matt Hoffman and Lisa Torres found that the number of women in a person's network did not affect the quality of job information that the person received from their network.
false
A primary group consists of people such as -
family members
take detailed notes and shit every hour or so while doing feild work
feild notes
Identify the elements that could be considered culture.
films historical artifacts style of dress
Which of the following are examples of existing sources research?
finding newspaper stories about community leaders using data collected during the administration of the SAT
a man paying for a $100 meal using only one-dollar bills
folkway
How did Stanley Milgram test participants' obedience to authority?
he had " experimenters" coax " teachers" into shocking " learners"
Which of the following are disadvantages of ethnographic research?
-Ethnographic research often is not representative of a larger part of society. -Ethnographic research suffers from a lack of replicability.
The 2017 Netflix series 13 Reasons Why, which centers on a high school student who takes her own life, incited a great deal of concern because of its graphic depiction of teen suicide. Critics feared that it might have a "contagion" effect amongst youth, a phenomenon that had already been well documented in other cases, resulting in a spate of copycat attempts.Identify the findings about the effects of the show in the several months following its debut.
-Suicide rates among young people ages ten to seventeen surged in the month after the series came out. -In the nine months after the show's premiere, there were 195 more suicide deaths in the 10-17 age group than would have otherwise been expected.
Identify the examples of postmodernism in popular culture.
-copies of famous landmarks, such as the Eiffel Tower in Las Vegas -The Grey Album by DJ Danger Mouse, which uses tracks from the Beatles' White Album and Jay-Z's Black Album. hip-hop
What, in broad terms, is the definition of deviance?
A behavior, trait, belief, or other characteristic, that violates a norm and causes a negative reaction
Expressed an intersectional understanding of history and personal biography, through poetry
Amanda Gorman
Horace Miner's article "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is about what group of people?
Americans
Identify the organizations that Robert Putnam's research might argue would keep anomie at bay.
Habitat for Humanity Boys and Girls Clubs of America Boy Scouts of America
Identify the true and false statements about culture.
Culture is handed down from generation to generation. Culture includes both material and nonmaterial elements. Culture acts as a lens through which individuals view the world.
Which of the following are examples of Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory?
Justin begins using drugs regularly after hanging out with a group of peers who pressured him to do so. Shanice finds some classmates defacing the women's bathroom with spray paint and joins in.
Contributed to the arts, politics, youth, and Asian American and Pacific Islander communities
Kai Penn
Identify each item as involving either practical or scientific knowledge.
PRACTICAL: -the locations of your favorite restaurants -the information needed to pay your bills online SCIENTIFIC: -how much water you need to intake on a daily basis to survive -the average education level of individuals whose parents graduated from college
What is the definition of sociology?
Sociology is the systematic or scientific study of human society and social behavior
Which of the following are among the key tenets of the Chicago School of sociology?
The self emerges from a process of interacting with other selves. Human behavior and personality are shaped by social and physical environments. Meanings can change or be modified through interaction.
Identify the true and false statements about tech-induced anxieties.
Users of social media may actually be more connected with others than nonusers. In vulnerable times of life, such as adolescence, the internet and especially social media may lead to more loneliness.
Identify the statements that correctly describe "the strength of weak ties."
Weak ties provide access to valuable information. Weak ties provide benefits that strong ties do not.
A sociologist is worried that her presence is affecting interactions between the people she is studying. Identify the concepts she should consider during her study.
bias reflexivity reactivity
Which of the following is an example of the hidden curriculum?
students are taught to dress and behave in a specific manner by teachers and other staff members
whereas a secondary group might consist of people such as -
students taking this course.
Which of the following are examples of socialization?
-A parent teaches a child not to burp at the dinner table -A child shows a parent how to check email using a smartphone. -Someone acts visibly uncomfortable when a coworker tells a sexist joke.