Sociology Midterm Review Chapter One

The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was

Emile Durkheim

------------- had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach

Karl Marx

Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?

W.E.B. Du Bois

A simplified description unfairly applied to every person in the same category is called

a stereotype

Unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations

are based on all available facts

Making use of the sociological perspective encourages

challenging commonly-held beliefs

Peter Berger describes using the sociological perspective as seeing the------in the --------

general; particular

The United States falls within which category of the world's nations?

high-income nations

A social-conflict approach to sports would be an analysis of

how sports reflect social inequality

Building social relationships and creating tens of thousands of jobs are two of the _________ of sports.

latent functions

Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called

latent functions

According to Emile Durkheim, categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have

lower social integration

The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as

manifest functions

Countries in which average people's income is typical for the world as a whole and in which people are as likely to live in a rural area as in an urban area are categorized as

middle-income nations

Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are

more serious in poorer countries

In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided by

one or more theoretical approaches

The social-conflict approach draws attention to

patterns of social inequality

The symbolic-interaction approach focuses on how

people experience society

Sociologists use the term "social marginality" to refer to

people who are defined by others as an "outsider"

C. Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed

personal problems into public issues

--------is a way of understanding the world based on science

positivism

A manifest function of sports is

providing recreation and physical conditioning

By stating that the sociological perspective shows us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists

reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives

The "framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is the

social-cultural approach

Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?

sociology

The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the

structural-functional approach

Sociologist Lenore Weitzman carried out research showing that women who divorce

suffer a significant loss of income

Which theoretical approach claims that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as what meaning they attach to their behavior?

symbolic-interaction approach

What does the idea that the social world guides our actions and life choices just as the seasons influence activities and choice of clothing describe?

the essential wisdom of the discipline of sociology

Looking at the operation of U.S schools, the social-conflict approach might lead a sociologist to conclude that

tracking provides some students with far better schooling than others

understanding the differences between countries encourages

understanding of both of our lives and the lives of others

The chapter's sociological analysis of childbearing around the world suggests that the number of children born to a woman reflects

whether she lives in a poor or rich society

In the United States today, the suicide rate is highest for which of the following?

white males

A symbolic-interaction analysis of sports would conclude that

winning at sports means different things to different people

In the box about Barbara Ehrenreich working at low-wage jobs, we learned that she

worked very hard, but never made enough money to pay for her basic needs