Sociology of the Family - Chapter 2

Extended families

Colonial America, before 1820 family households in which relatives beyond parents and their children live together

Modern relationship

-increase in women's paid work changed marriage -more pressure on compatibility between men and women -decline of traditional nuclear family and rise of family diversity -increased sense of freedom and individual security and isolation

Homogamy

marriage between two people of the same sex

Patrilocal

A living arrangement in which a young married couple lives in or near the husband's family home

Matrilocal

A living arrangement in which a young married couple lives in or near the wife's family home

Urban Transformations

-Young, single adults are increasingly drawn to cities -Older people are finding it easier to live in small apartments in urban areas

Institutional Arenas

Family and Market: Men and Women, Separate and Together -Separate Spheres Family and State: "Monogamous Morality" No Families: Widows and Orphans African Americans, Asian Americans, and Mexican Americans: Families Apart

1960s-Present

New Family Diversity two institutional factors: market forces and state forces Marriage: Out with the Old -Modern relationships, Modern identities -Independence Children and Families: Emotional Bonds What's in a Name

Before 1820

Colonial America American Indians: The Family as a Social Structure Colonial Americans: "So Chosen, He is Her Lord" -Coveture Children and Families: More Work and Less Play -Extended families -Stem family African Americans: Families Enslaved

Coverture

Colonial America, before 1820 a legal doctrine that lasted until the late nineteenth century, under which wives were incorporated into their husbands' citizenship

Stem Family

Colonial America, before 1820 the household formed by one grown child remaining in the family home with his or her parents

1820-1900

Emerging Modern Family Marriage: New Ideals, New Traditions -Courtship Children and Families: Fewer and More Tender -Institutional Arenas

Courtship

Emerging Modern Family 1820-1900 the mate selection process in which couples begin a relationship with supervised contact in public, then proceed to additional dates in the woman's home and then to marriage if the parents approve

Monogamy

a family system in which each person has only one spouse

Polygamy

a family system in which one person has more than one spouse, usually one man and multiple women

Nuclear Family

a married, monogamous couple living with their own (usually biological) children and no extended family members

Conjugal family

a nuclear family that is also functionally independent of extended family members

Heterogamy

marriage between a man and a woman

Separate Spheres

the cultural doctrine under which women were to work at home, to make it a sanctuary from the industrial world in which their husbands worked for pay

1900-1960s

Modern Family Companionship Family Marriage: Unequal Companions -Companionate Marriage -Dating -Family Wage Children and Families: From Bust to Boom -Baby boom

Companionate marriage

Modern Family 1900-1960s a view of marriage as a companionship, a friendship, and a romance, rather than as a practical platform for cooperation and survival

Companionship Family

Modern Family, 1900-1960s an ideal type of family characterized by the mutual affection, equality, and comradeship of its members

Family wage

Modern Family, 1900-1960s the amount necessary for a male earner to provide subsistence for his wife and children without them having to work for pay

Dating

Modern Family, 1900-1960s the mate selection process in which young adults spend time with a variety of partners before making a long-term commitment

Baby boom

Modern Family, 1900-1960s the period of high birth rates in the US between 1946 and 1964

Patriarchy

family system in which power is wielded by men in the family -the system of men's control over property and fathers' authority over all family members

Matriarchy

family system in which power is wielded by women in the family

Patrilineal

family system in which wealth and power are transmitted from fathers to their sons

Matrilineal

family system in which wealth and power are transmitted from mothers to daughters