Sociology Quiz #16 - Chapter 16
About how long ago in history did the first cities emerge?
10,000 years ago
When in history did global population begin to spike upward?
1750
When did the world's population reach 1 billion?
1800
Today, the world is home to about how many people?
7 billion
Currently, about how many people are added to the world's population each year?
90 million
The concept of "megalopolis" refers to which of the following?
A vast urban region containing many cities and suburbs
If you were to examine an age-sex pyramid for a low-income nation, you would expect to see which of the following patterns?
A wide base, indicating a high birth rate
One region of the world has both the highest birth rate and the highest infant mortality rate. Which is it?
Africa
Which of the following accounts for most water use in the world today?
Agriculture
The Industrial Revolution had what effect on U.S. cities?
All of these responses are correct. Cities became much larger geographically and had many more people. Cities stood at the center of an expanding urban region. Buildings became much taller.
Which of the following is evidence of the shortage of fresh water now found around the world?
All of these responses are correct. Mexico City has pumped so much water from the ground that the city continues to sink about two inches per year. China's supply of ground water is declining rapidly. Water supply in the Middle East is at a critical level.
Throughout most of human history, families had many children because ________
All of these responses are correct. birth control was not reliable. high death rates meant that many children did not reach adulthood. children were a source of needed labor.
Urban decentralization has led to ________
All of these responses are correct. the development of vast urban regions. the growth of edge cities. an expansion of suburbs.
Why are sex ratios usually below 100?
Because women typically outlive men
The United States is a high-income country; therefore, we would expect population increase to result from which of the following?
Both immigration and natural increase
Which of the following concepts refers to the study of the interaction of living organisms and the natural environment?
Ecology
If you were studying countries with very low infant mortality, in which of the following global regions would you be most likely to look?
Europe
Which of the following concepts refers to the maximum possible childbearing for women?
Fecundity
Which of the following concepts was used by Ferdinand Tönnies to refer to a type of social organization in which people come together only on the basis of individual self-interest?
Gesellschaft
According to the chapter, most historians agree that the first city was ________
Jericho
Which of the following concepts, used by Emile Durkheim, means about the same thing as Tönnies's concept, Gesellschaft?
Organic solidarity
Why is the gradual loss of the world's rainforests an important environmental concern?
Rainforests are vital to maintaining the planet's biodiversity and climate.
If you were to compare Sunbelt cities, such as Houston, to Snowbelt cities, such as Detroit, what differences would you find?
Sunbelt cities generally have larger populations and are larger in physical size.
In medieval cities of Europe, what was found at the city's center?
The cathedral
In the United States, the birth rate is currently ________
at the replacement level.
Demography is defined as the study of ________
human population
In the preindustrial stage of technological development, population ________
increases very slowly, with a high birth rate offset by a high death rate.
Scientific evidence shows that the average temperature of the planet is ________
increasing.
According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies were built on________, modern urban societies are held together by ________.
likeness; difference
The concept of "zero population growth" refers to the level of reproduction that ________
maintains population at a steady level.
The Industrial Revolution influenced urbanization in many ways, including where cities were sited. If you were to look back in history, you would find that almost every U.S. city was founded ________
on a waterway.
Thomas Robert Malthus claimed that ________
population increase would eventually bring chaos to the world.
The basic idea behind demographic transition theory is ________
population patterns reflect a society's level of technological development.
In terms of migration within the United States, the region of the country most often left behind is ________
the heartland or Great Plains, from North Dakota down to Texas.
Fertility refers to ________
the incidence of childbearing in a nation's population.
