Sociology T1
Sociologist C. Wright Mills suggested that sociological imagination is a concept that lets us think systematically about the relationship between the personal and the social. How might you apply your sociological imagination to understand how the personal issue of unemployment is tied to greater social issues in the world?
A person will face unemployment due to the recent recession, which resulted in fewer available job openings for job seekers in their field.
Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between data analysis and research?
A qualitative sociologist is likely to organize her primary data into key categories and concepts
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between individuals and social institutions?
A role is a position within an institution or organization that comes with specific social expectations for how to behave and be treated.
Which of the following best explains the relationship between a sociological imagination and stereotypes?
A sociological imagination challenges stereotypes by raising questions about where they come from.
Sociologists can ask a broad array of questions. Which of the following best identifies what these sociological questions all have in common?
All sociological questions consider how social contexts matter.
Who coined the term "sociology"
Auguste Comte
Which of the following is the best example of a causal inference?
Confusing voter registration laws result in some voters not knowing how to register
A teenager notices that he prefers action movies, whereas his sister prefers to watch comedies. What sort of sociological question could be based on this teenager's personal experience.
Do more men than women prefer action movies?
Which of the following questions asks a person to identify his or her social identity?
Do you practice a religion, and if so, what religion?
A good sociological question will help a researcher do more than make generalizations about people. Which of the following is a good sociological question?
Does being born into poverty increase the chances that a person will stay in poverty?
Edward is introduced to Jessah and intends to kiss Jessah's cheek in greeting. Inadvertently, Edward ends up kissing Jessah's nose. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn based on this scenario?
Edward's mistake was a violation of social norms.
A sociologist is writing a research proposal for a new project about how disciplining children in school, such as by giving them detention or suspension, may impact their academic achievement. Which theorist's work might be useful for informing this research topic?
Foucault
Karl Marx collaborated with which other sociologist in his sociological writings?
Fredrich Engels
The field of sociology has spawned other areas of study. Which of the following is an area of study spawned by sociology?
Gender Studies
___________ refers to the increasing flows of goods and services across national borders
Globalization
A student notices that his mother tends to clean more around the house than his father. What sort of sociological question could be based on this personal experience?
How much more time do women spend cleaning than men?
Jackson joins the Marine Corps. Before going to basic training, Jackson thinks of himself as "American." Upon completing basic trainning, he says he is "a Marine." What does this change reveal?
How the institutions we are connected to can change our sense of identity.
The color of our skin, our sex, whether or not we have a physical disability, and our socioeconomic class are all aspects of our _________.
Identities
Which of the following sociological questions reveals a comparative-historical perspective
In what ways are modern neo-Nazis different from Nazis during WWII
In the 1880s, the United States went through a period where there was a pronounced growth in factories known as _________________
Industrialization
Which of the following pairs of social theorists both emphasized how social class matters in social life
Marx and Bourdieu
Which sociological theorist was most interested in understanding why each of us behaves the way we do?
Max Weber
Which of the following is an example of a stereotype?
Most wealthy children are spoiled
Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between norms and whether or not an individual "fits in" society?
Norms are the rules about what is and isn't acceptable in our community and must be followed to "fit in."
Which of the following statements best reflects the connection between a sociological imagination and effective sociology?
Only when we develop this ability can we start to see larger trends in the world around us.
Which of the following best describes how people commonly develop stereotypes about a group?
People will develop generalizations about a group based on little to no information.
Which of the following statements best highlights the key differences between qualitative and quantitative research?
Qualitative research relies on words, pictures, and observations, whereas quantitative research relies on statistical analysis.
________ relies on the statistical analysis of data
Quantitative research
Imagine you are a sociologist interested in designing a research study to investigate whether or not there are differences in college students' academic outcomes depending on whom they have in their social networks to help them through college. The works of which sociological theorist might be most useful in helping explain the theoretical basis of this research?
Simmel
The displacement of many jobs once done in the United States now being done by workers in other countries is an example of how __________ shape our understanding and experiences in the world.
Social and historical contexts
The theoretical works of Emile Durkheim focus primarily on what theme?
Social order
Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between sociology and other social science disciplines?
Sociology has given birth to a number of other disciplines, including African American studies, gender studies, demography, and criminology.
_________ utilizes the logic of _____________ to explain social change
Structural functionalism; biology
Which sociological theorist is primarily associated with the development of structural functionalism.
Talcott Parsons
Tam is able to attend a highly competitive college because his parents have enough income to pay the tuition. Lai is only able to attend night classes at a less competitive college because she has to work during the day to pay tuition. Which statement best describes this scenario?
Tam and Lai are experiencing different social contexts.
Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between units of analysis and the scientific study of society?
The phenomenon studied has a great impact on the unit of analysis, and access to certain units of analysis may shape research questions.
Several major social science groups and associations were first founded in the late 1800s and early 1900s. What does this show?
The rapid industrialization and urbanization of the time resulted in the need to study society and its groups.
Baby Alyssa is born in a hospital with a lot of resources, staff, and modern equipment. Baby Brandi is born in a hospital with older equipment, few staff, and little resources. Which statement best describes this scenario?
The two babies are born into different social contexts
How did urbanization lead to the development of sociology?
Urbanization caused various social problems, and people wanted to study these problems.
Which of the following research questions would lead to a cross national comparison
What causes England's infant mortality rate to be lower than the United States infant mortality rate?
Which of the following best exemplifies how self-understanding can be influenced by others reactions
a child feels good about a test score after receiving a hug from a parent
A researcher is planning a study to find out whether the number of hours of sleep a student gets before an exam affects the score the student achieves. The researcher thinks that fewer hours of sleep will result in the student achieving a lower exam score. This is an example of ______________
a hypothesis
Rupert Murdoch, owner of one of the world's largest media conglomerates, is best characterized as ____________
a member of the bougeoisie
A parent tells a child he is not supposed to eat food off the ground. This rule is an examples of _______
a norm
Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between data analysis and research
a qualitative sociologist is likely to organize her primary data into key categories and concepts
Imagine you are entering an elevator full of other people. When you step in you most likely turn around to face the door like everyone else. This behavior is an example of which sociological concept
a social norm
Which of the following is an example of a study a sociologist would conduct in the field of ethnomethodolgy
a study of how people of different genders talk to one another
Which of the following is the best definition of the term "institution"
an important practice that society has followed for a long time
A sociological imagination requires that we look at the world around us and _____________
ask deep and meaningful questions
Conversational precision refers to _______________
body language cues and brief pauses that people use in their conversations
A conclusion about how one factor can result in a change in another factor is known as a _________
causal inference
In terms of social interaction, strangers not making eye contact as they walk past each other is best described as _______________, but could also be considered _________
civil inattention; an informal rule
A sociologists wants to find out personal details about her participants' married life. Which of the following types of data collection methods is the most appropriate
conduct in-depth interviews
Which area of sociological thought focuses on how inequality produces tensions between people in society
conflict theory
________ is the term used to describe when two factors or two social phenomena "co-vary" with each other
correlation
After completing a study on the elderly and the costs of healthcare, a sociologist notices a pattern. The sociologist notices that the cost of prescription medications increases as the age of the elderly person increases. This pattern became easily noticeable after the sociologist constructed a _________________
data display
Marx's theories are primarily focused on explaining how _______ perpetuate (S) social inequality,k while Du Bois's theories focus on how ________ perpetuate(s) inequality.
economics; racism
Which of the following is the best example of the generalized other
everyone riding on a bus is wearing clothing
Sociologists suggest that people reveal different parts of their personalities to others in different social situations. What is another way to describe this phenomenon?
everyone shares different parts of his or her identity at different times
Symbolic interactionism focuses primarily on which aspect of social life?
how people interact and create shared meaning
Which of the following concepts would symbolic interactionists most likely use in their research?
impression management
What term describes when a researcher sits down one-on-one with a participant in order to ask a series of questions
in-depth interview
The sociological theories of Marx are focused primarily on _____________
inequality in economic systems
Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between formal and informal rules
informal rules fill the spaces between formal rules by allowing for exceptions in social behavior that are generally agreed upon
An institutional review board at a university has evaluated a particular research study and submitted a request to the researcher requiring that she have all participants sing a document stating that they agree to participate in the study. This IRB is focusing on ______
informed consent
Sociologist A completes an experiment and records the results. Sociologist B completes the same steps as Sociologist A, but gets different results. This means that the experiment _______________
is not reliable
Relative to its sibling disciplines, sociology ________ draw (s) on interdisciplinary research.
is the most likely discipline to
Which of the following is the best example of cultural capital?
knowing a lot about fine wine
As part of a study, a sociologist observes a group of people. Then the sociologist applies the gathered data toward a broader theory of human behavior. This is called ____________
making a theoretical generalization
According to the theories of Karl Marx, capitalism, feudalism, and communism are all examples of _______
modes of production
A sociologist wants to know the reasons some people break up with their romantic partners through e-mail and the reasons other people break up in person. Which of the following would be the most reliable way to conduct this research
observe people's real behaviors and interactions
_______ solidarity, unlike _________ solidarity, is associated with an extensive division of labor in society
organic; mechanical
A sociologist plans to conduct a study that involves observing families interacting at the zoo. The sociologist documents all of her observations, takes photos of the families, and writes down descriptions of what she sees. This study illustrates ____________
qualitative research
Prior to the work of theorists like W.E.B. Du Bois, it was believed that _________ was the result of biological differences between groups of people.
racial inequality
All individuals associate themselves with ______________, or groups of people who share similar preferences or social positions.
reference groups
According to feminist theory, there is an empirical difference between an individual's _______ and _______
sex; gender
Both analytical sociologists and Bourdieu are interested in which sociological concept
social connections
Over time, social theorists have helped us understand how characteristics of individuals, such as race and gender, are ___________
social constructions
According to Simmel, the difference between how emotionally close you may feel to your parent when compared to how emotionally unclose you may feel to your dentist is an example of how __________ matters in your daily life.
social distance
Durkheim emphasized _______, while Weber emphasized ____________, in his theory of society
social facts; social action
Family, marriage, education, government, and religion are all examples of __________
social institutions
Sending children to school is one way we engage individuals in the _________ process
socialization
How do status changes impact the social roles of individuals
status changes confer different role expectations for individuals
Imagine you are a sociologist studying in society. As a result of your research, you conclude that many jobs are created in society due to other people being in poverty. FOr example, there are vast numbers of social workers and nonprofit and government employees who all have jobs to help people in poverty, all of which would be eliminated if poverty itself were eradicated. Which theoretical framework could best help you explain this conclusion.
structural functionalism
Jennifer is studying the effects of nutrition on student performance in school. She researches a group of students and finds the students who miss breakfast often do poorly during the school day. What is the dependent variable in this scenario?
student school performance
In a symbolic interactionist framework, physical, social, and abstract objects are all potential.
subjects of interpretation
A group of questions asked to a large group of people is called a(n)_______
survey
Because sociologists understand __________________ as a social phenomenon, how we _________ individuals can have unintended consequences
the self; label
Unlike economics, sociology has many ________ to learn about
theoretical traditions
________ can help explain social change
theories
Which of the following describes a way that significant others, role models, and reference groups are alike
they all adhere to the generalized other
Which of the following is true according to ethnomethodologists
when it is appropriate to cry can depend on the society in which a person lives