Sociology test 1

Nature is to nurture as _______ is to ______ a. biology b. sociology

a b

theorists who studies economics and class conflict

marx

What kind of measures are the mean, median, and mode?

measures of central tendency

This measure of central tendency is the middle of any set of figures

median

Brian believes that football, baseball, and other sports that are popular in the US are far superior to cricket, soccer, and other sports not in the US. Brian view might be considered to be an example of

ethnocentrism

The four primary methods of sociological research are...

ethnography, surveys, experiments, and comparative/historical analysis

This theory argues that gender relations, inequality, and identity are central to the study of society, but the sociology and sociological theories have traditionally ignored such issues

feminist theory

Groups that expand in size, especially beyond 12 or so members, tend to develop much greater

formal organization

____ is the primary mechanism by which culture is shared and learned

language

socialization is a process of

learning culture

our genetic makeup is reflected in behavioral as well as physical traits that increase our chance of reproducing

nature

When sociologists combine several methods in a single piece of research, using each method to supplement and check the others

triangulation

What are the main components of culture

values, norms, material goods

theorist who studies group conflict over ideas and values (broader)

weber

True or false. Occupational socialization largely ceases after the initial transition from school to work.

True

This theorist sees social change as prompted mostly by economic influences, especially conflicts between social classes

Karl Marx

Like Marx, this theorist sees society and power as key forces in social life, but unlike Marx he does NOT see class factors as the only social forces, instead arguing for the importance of ideas, values, and bureaucracy in explaining human action and conflict.

Max Weber

The family, school, peer groups, and the media would all be considered by sociologists to be

agents of socialization

theorist who studies race

bios

the process by which a group or organization becomes increasingly governed by rules and hierarchies

bureaucracy

Marriage, property rules, and language are examples of

cultural universals

The key element of this concept are values, norms, symbols, and material goods

culture

shared learning for values, norms, language, and all of the material artifacts produced through that learning, within a given society

culture

An example of this type of research question is: Why has inequality in the US increased between the years 1975 and 2012?

developmental and theoretical

Although statistics can often be misleading or confusing, why are they still necessary to do social science research? a. To summarize complex information b. To see how big a problem may be c. To see if a problem is getting better or worse d. To see if policies designed to address a problem are actually working e. all of the above

e

This theory suggests that sociological analysis must start by analyzing the contribution that a social activity, institution, or event makes toward the maintenance or continuation of society as a whole

functionalism

expectations regarding the proper behavior, attitudes, and activities of males and females

gender roles

involves learning "appropriate" gendered behavior and acquiring a gender identity through our increasingly symbolic interaction with others

gender socialization

According to George Herbert Mead, a person's awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole is the

generalized other

Before the second gulf war, many in the US believed that Iraq possessed large store of weapons of mass destruction, a belief that turned out to be wrong. Some have blames the intense need for group cohesion and loyalty for driving out anyone who disagreed with the analysis. What is this called?

groupthink

A sociological researcher hypothesizes that increases in globalization lead to increases in international conflict. The level of globalization is the ______ and the international conflict is the _________

independent, dependent

A US sociologist receives a grant to study racial and religious prejudice among the people of southeast asia. The sociologist makes a serious and unbiased effort to evaluate the norms, values, and customs of these groups in light of the distinctive cultures to which they belong. This is an example of

norms

When a colleague saw "The Blair Witch Project" in a movie theater a few years ago, an older man sitting near her grew frustrated with the main characters' inability to find their way out of the woods, and kept asking his wife in a loud voice, "Why don't they follow the RIVER?" The old man's behavior could be considered to be a vioation of

norms

behavior shaped by learning spend a lifetime learning through social interaction.

nurture

Which theory emphasizes individual power struggles over societal level power struggles

rational choice theory

When people attend high school class reunions, they often compare their own personal and professional successes and failures to those of their former classmates. This means that classmates are a

reference group

sociology is a _____ because systematic observation and analysis of data

science

A person volunteers at a homeless shelter once a week. She considers her fellow volunteers friendly acquaintances. These people would be considered one of her

secondary groups

The Helen Keller, wild boy of aveyron, and genie examples discussed in class all suggest the crucial importance of ________ in the socialization and development of self

social interaction, nurture

____ involve a series of social relationships that link a person directly to others and indirectly to still more people. These relationships both constrain and empower people.

social networks

comprised of direct and indirect associations that link people and groups

social networks

the lifelong process of social interaction through which people acquire culture and develop a personality and identity

socialization

According to C. Wright Mills, personal troubles become structural issues when they become a

societal problem

systems of relationships between people and they constantly change, cultural change

society

viewing our actions in the larger social is historical contexts that shape what we think and do

sociological imagination

study of patterns of social relations or social interactions (who one associates with)

sociology

variations in the above between distinct populations within a culture

subculture

This theory sees the exchange of meanings and representations as foundational to human behavior and argues for sociologists to focus on the micro level where analysis of interpersonal relations help make sense of what others do and say.

symbolic interactionaism

To explain behavior, we think _______ why questions, connecting behavior to their likely causes, generalizing casal findings to a wide variety of situations, evaluating or testing our general explanation to see if it fits with additional facts

theoretically