Sociology Test #2

In the 1900s, there was a strong prejudice agaisnt Irish immigrants and their descendants. What deos this tell you about the history of the Irish in the United States?

A. The Irish were once considered to be a separate race.

All green-eyed people in the United States would be classified as a(n)

A. category.

__________ refers to the tastes, habits, and expectations that children "inherit" or learn from their parents, which help them achieve material success in life.

A. cultural capital

Sociologiests call the awareness of our own and others' class statuses

A. everyday class consciousness

What kind of leadership style is typically expected of women in contemporary society?

A. expressive

Being born into a lower social class means that an individual will be more likely to

A. feel at risk of being harassed by law enforcement.

What term describes the tendency to choose romantic partners based on similarities in bachground and group membership?

A. homogamy

______________ occur(s) when minority group members are prejudiced against themselves or their own group.

A. internalized racism

Which term describes the slights, insultsm and misperceptions directed at members of a minority group that play out in everyday interactions?

A. microaggressions

Brazilians employ many racial categoriesm such as moreno, mulato, neguinho, and pretinho. Most of these terms do not have an equivalent in the United State. What does this tell you?

A. race is a social construct.

Which of the following is a factor that can lead to increased group cohesion?

A. shared values

What was the Asch experiment measuring?

A. the power of peer pressure

Fraternity; social cohesion; shared values. What perspective best describes their views?

C. structural functionalism

Sociologists define a minority group as a group

C. with members who are denied access to power and resources.

In what year did the Supreme Court rule that laws against interracial marriage were unconstitutional?

B. 1967

Which of the following authority figures still derives legitimacy from traditional sources?

B. a parent

What metaphor best describes cultures that have embraced pluralism or multiculturalism?

B. a salad bowl

Regarding racial categories, modern science has determined that

B. biologically, there is no such thing as a pure race.

Our social networks include only those with whom we identify and interact with regularly.

B. false

Primary groups tend to be temporary.

B. false

Members of a(n) ________ interact with one another and think of themselves as belonging together.

B. group

An example of an aggregate is a

B. line of people waiting to buy movie tickets.

Which term refers to romantic, sexual, or marital relationships between the people of different races?

B. miscegenation

What would a sociologist call the belief that members of one racial group are genetically predisposed to be more intelligent than members of another racial group?

B. prejudice

What term describes the unequal distribution of wealth, power, or prestige among members of a society?

B. social inequality

What do sociologists call it when large numbers of people move up or down the social class ladder as a result of changes to society as a whole?

B. strucural mobility

What defines white people as the dominant racial group in California despite demographic shifts?

B. they have more power, resourcesm and representation in social institutions.

Emile Durkheim worried that individuals would feel less connected to groups in an increasingly fragmented modern world, which would lead to

C. anomie or normlessness

Sociologists define ethnicity

C. as a group with a shared ancestry or shared cultural heritage.

What is it called when a minority group is absorbed into the dominant group?

C. assimilation

Samantha has taken a ________ perspective to explain the way deviance is viewed in society.

C. conflict theory

Critical race theory explores the relationship between race and what two other concepts?

C. politics and power

The criteria used by a social class system to stratify its members include

C. property, power, and prestige

What is it called when individuals live as if they were members of a different racial category than the one into which they were born?

C. racial passing

The issue associated with race and ethnicity that Chris Rock's "driving while Black" selfies represent is

C. racial profiling.

Which term describes the devision of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy?

C. social stratification

Which of the following companies did George Ritzer view as emblematic of the spread of bureaucratic rationalization?

D. McDonald's

What term did the sociologist George Ritzer use to describe the spread of rationalization and bureaucratic ways of operating into everyday life?

D. McDonaldization

Race is defined by sociologists

D. as a social category based on real or perceived biological differences.

Halloween costume makers; American indians; stereotypical display; without fully understanding and appreciating the culture?

D. cultural appropriation

When a person uses electronic or social media to tease, harass, threaten, or humiliate someone, it is referred to as

D. cyberbullying

The "Jim Crow" laws, which mandated seperate facilities for white people and black people, were an example of

D. institutional discrimination

A state is called __________ when white people comprise less than half the population.

D. majority-minority

The belief that all irish are drunks is an example of

D. prejudice.

Pierre Bourdieu studied ______________

D. social reproduction

Which is true of social mobility in a caste system?

D. there is virtually no chance of social mobility.

W. I. Thomas famously argued that "if men define situations as real,

D. they are real in their consequences."

Which of the following is a quality of charismatic leaders?

D. they possess extraordinary personal qualities

Mateo; college degree; department of defense; makes $100,000 per year; to what class would you expect him to belong?

D. upper-middle class

Imagine that a powerful and influential person living in San Francisco decides to tattoo most of her face with symbols. Would she be seen as deviant?

D. yes, but only because she lives in the United States where face tattoos are not the norm.