Sociology Test One

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ideal type

a description comprised of the essential characteristics of some aspect of society

theories

a general term for all the sociological viewpoints

function

a positive consequence that an element of society produces for the maintenance of the social system

conflict perspective

a sociological viewpoint that focuses on the forces in society that promote competition and change

Verstehan

an empathetic understanding of the meanings others attach to their actions

theory

an explanation of the relationship among particular phenomena

case study

an intensive analysis of a person, group, event, or problem

scientific method

an objective, logical, and systematic way of collecting empirical data and arriving at reasoned conclusions

economics

analyzing the choices people make in an effort to satisfy their needs and wants

symbol

anything that represents something else

experiment

data is gathered under controlled conditions set by the researcher

empirical

derived from experiment and observation rather than theory

political science

examination of the principles organization and operation or government

correlation

exists when a change in one varible is regularly associated with a change in another varible

feminist perspective

focuses on gender inequality

interactionist perspective

focuses on how individuals interact with one another society

symbolic interaction

has three essential elements; meaning, language, and thought

social interaction

how people relate to one another and influence each other's behavior

social phenomena

observable facts or events that involve human society

social Darwinism

perspective that holds that societies evolve toward stability and perfection; "survival of the fittest"

hypothesis

sociologists call a statement that predicts the relationship between two or more variables

psychology

studies behavior and mental processes

sociology

studies human society and social behavior

history

studies the people and events of the past

sociological imagination

the ability to see the connection between the larger world and your personal life

anthropology

the comparative study of past and present cultures

globalization

the development of economic, political, and social relationships that strech worldwide

manifest function

the intended consequence of something

dysfunction

the negative consequence an element has for the stability of the social system

social psychology

the study of how the social enviroment affects an individual's behavior and personality

macrosociology

the study of large-scale systems or society as a whole

microsociology

the study of small-group settings

latent function

the unintended consequence of something

sociological perspective

the worldview that involves looking at social life in a scientific, systematic way

functionalist perspective

views society as a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable social system

ethics

"rules" sociologists use when conducting research. They follow ethical standards to foster professional integrity and ensure the welfare of the ppl they work with


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