Software Design
In the following numeric expression 4 * a + 7 / (x - y) + (n ** 3) what is evaluated first? -(n**3) -4*a -a+7 -(x-y)
(x-y)
The first row of cells is referred to as row __________
0
A function header must end with a(n) _________.
:
What is the output of the following Python code? K = [ Larry , Curly , Mo ] print(type(K))
<class 'list>
A grid consists of rectangles called __________
Cells
What function do you use to terminate a connection to a file?
Close
Writing Python statements is called _______________.
Coding
Conditions that use the logical operators are called ____________ conditions.
Compound
Combining two strings to form a new string is called ____________. -concatenation -joining -stringing -slicing
Concatenation
True or false: "In the program development cycle, the first step in writing instructions to carry out a task is to determine how to process the input to obtain the desired output."
False
True or false: A class must contain at least one accessor method
False
True or false: A class must contain at least one mutator method
False
True or false: A function cannot call another function.
False
True or false: A try statement can include more than one else clause that follows the except clauses
False
True or false: A try statement cannot end with a finally clause
False
True or false: As a rule, functions should perform many tasks to be efficient.
False
True or false: Continue statements cannot be used with if-statements.
False
True or false: Each object of a class will have the same values
False
True or false: Indentation is not semantically meaningful in Python.
False
True or false: Items in a list may not include a user-defined class
False
True or false: Iterative solutions usually execute slower than recursive solutions
False
True or false: List comprehension cannot be applied to arithmetic progressions generated by range functions.
False
True or false: The default mode for opening a file is writing
False
True or false: The else part of an if statement cannot be omitted.
False
True or false: The parameter self is a reserved word in Python
False
True or false: The relational operators cannot be applied to lists or tuples.
False
True or false: The sort method does not actually alter the order of the items in a list.
False
True or false: The sorted function can only be used with lists.
False
True or false: The text in a Label widget cannot consist of more than one line
False
True or false: When a runtime error occurs, it is the responsibility of the user to correct it
False
True or false: When an argument to a function is an expression, the expression is not evaluated until it is passed to the function body.
False
True or false: When attaching scroll bars to list boxes, you must declare the list box before the scroll bar
False
True or false: When indenting a block of statements for an if-else statement, as long as the statements are indented to the right enough to visually see, the number of spaces for each line does not have to be exactly the same.
False
True or false: When the break statement is executed, the loop terminates after the body has finished executing.
False
True or false: isinstance(55.3, int)
False
True or false: planning a solution to a problem is called coding.
False
Each piece of data in a CSV file record is referred to as a(n) __________
Field
Python has an object called _________ that is used to denote a lack of value.
None
What happens when a user enters more characters in an Entry box than was specified in the creation of the widget?
Text scrolls to the left
True or false: A class is a template from which objects are created
True
True or false: A subclass can change the behavior of an inherited method
True
True or false: Any problem that can be solved with recursion can be solved with iteration
True
True or false: Bad user input can cause runtime errors
True
True or false: De Morgan s law can be applied from left to right or from right to left.
True
True or false: Every TUI program can be converted to a GUI program
True
True or false: Flowcharts are time-consuming to write and difficult to update.
True
True or false: Functions can return any type of object.
True
True or false: If a file that already exists is opened for writing, the contents of the file will be erased
True
True or false: In order for two tuples to be equal, they must have the same length and corresponding items must have the same value.
True
True or false: Instance variables are also called properties of an object
True
True or false: It is a poor programming practice to directly access class instance variables outside of the class
True
True or false: List boxes containing long lists are typically filled from files
True
True or false: List comprehension can be applied to tuples.
True
True or false: Pseudocode is typically more compact than a flowchart
True
True or false: Python is considered a block-structured language.
True
True or false: Python requires all programs be saved as a file on a storage device before they can be executed.
True
True or false: Recursive solutions often require less code than iterative solutions
True
True or false: The isinstance function can be applied to both built-in and user-defined functions
True
True or false: The remove and rename functions cannot be used with open files
True
True or false: The value of set() is the empty set
True
True or false: The word disk is often used to refer to any storage device.
True
True or false: The words "if" and "else" are reserved words.
True
True or false: Two sets are equal if they contain the same elements
True
True or false: Widgets are objects
True
True or false: infile is a descriptive name bot not mandatory for file input usage
True
True or false: not((x < 0) or word.isalpha()) is the same as not(x < 0) and not(word.isalpha())
True
True or false:A try statement can control more than one except clause
True
When a function returns 2 or more values it is actually returning a(n) _________.
Tuple
Which method provides a customized way to represent the state of an object as a string?
_ _ str _ _
A widget can respond to -mouse clicks -key presses -mouse movements -all of the above
all of the above
Hierarchy charts are also called: structure charts top-down charts visual table of content charts
all of the above
The parentheses of the range function can contain ____________ values. -one -two -three -all of the above
all of the above
The sorted function can be used with _________. -lists -tuples -strings -all of the above
all of the above
To move through a list box, use the __________ -page down key -page up key -down arrow key -all of the above
all of the above
What advantage is there to using functions in programming? -The eliminate repetitive code -They let the programmer first focus on the tasks, then later how to accomplish each task. -they break complex problems into smaller problems -all of the above
all of the above
Why do programmers use top-down design and structured programming? -it leads to programs that are easier to read -it tends to produce programs containing fewer initial errors -it increases productivity -all of the above
all of the above
After all the lines of a file have been read, the readline method returns __________
an empty string
Class definitions can contain __________ methods
an unlimited number
In Turtle graphics, the white region inside the Window is called the __________
canvas
Which function returns the single-character string of the character with ASCII value n for nonnegative numbers?
chr(n)
What type of method is called when an object is created?
constructor
The ____________ statement causes the current iteration of the body of a loop to terminate and execution returns to the loopÕs header.
continue
In Turtle graphics, the tail of the turtle is initially _________
down
In Turtle graphics, the turtle is initially facing __________
east
When an if-else statement needs to allow for more than two possible alternatives, you use a(n) ____________ clause
elif
Boxes that appear in the GUI window are called __________ widgets
entry
When reading data from a file, the open function returns a(n) __________
file object
Methods in a class have self as their __________ parameter
first
A ____________ is a Boolean-valued variable used to report whether a certain circumstance has occurred.
flag
The parameters in a function definition are also called _________ parameters.
formal
A variable that can be recognized everywhere in the program is called a _________ variable.
global
A(n) __________ is an imaginary rectangle containing horizontal and vertical lines that subdivide in into rectangles
grid
Which geometry manager is the easiest to learn?
grid
Which geometry manager produces the nicest layouts?
grid
In the Listbox widget, which attribute specifies the number of lines that can appear in the list box at one time?
height
Which programming tools is used to show how the different parts of a program relate to each other?
hierarchy chart
__________ recursion results when two procedures call each other
indirect
A(n) ____________ loop is one that never ends.
infinite
The statement object = className(arg1, arg2, )
inherit
Using a while loop to ensure a proper response is received from a request is called ____________.
input validation
A specific literal from a built-in classes is called a(n) __________
instance
Text that is displayed to the left of a box is contained in a(n) __________ widget
label
The following statement is an example of _________. [int(num) for num in listOfNums]
list comprehension
A variable created inside a function is called a _________ variable.
local
Function parameters have _________ scope. -no available -global -local -all of the above
local
A part of a program that executes a block of code repeatedly is called a(n) ____________.
loop
Which standard library module contains trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions?
math
When one loop is contained in the body of another loop, it is said to be ___________.
nested
Which standard library module do you need to import in order to use the remove and rename functions for files?
os
Each execution of the body of a loop is called a(n) ____________.
pass
The ____________ statement is a do-nothing statement.
pass
In order for Python to use functions to work with binary files, you must first import which standard library module?
pickle
Which geometry manager provides complete control in the positioning of widgets?
place
Each line of a CSV file is referred to as a(n) __________
record
A function that calls itself is called __________
recursive
A function is said to _________ its output.
return
A program is said to be __________ if it performs well under atypical situations
robust
The _________ of a variable is the portion of the program that can refer to it.
scope
A(n) __________ is an unordered collection of items with no duplicates
set
A sequence of consecutive characters from a string is called a(n) ____________. -slice -run -group -cut
slice
Computer programs are referred to as ________________.
software
Instructions ins a Python program are called _______________.
source code
Which method turns a single string into a list of substrings? -slice -split -join -splice
split
Repeatedly using a "divide-and-conquer" approach to break up a large problem into smaller subproblems is called _________.
stepwise refinement
Which attribute is used to change the placement of a widget inside a cell in the grid geometry manager?
sticky
Which attribute is used to enlarge a widget so that it fills an entire cell in the geometry manager?
sticky
The statement set1.intersection(set2) is:
the set containing the elements that are in both set1 and set2
The statement set1.union(set2) is:
the set containing the elements that are in either set1 and set2 without duplicates
The statement set1.difference(set2) is:
the set containing the elements that are in set1 with the elements of set2 removed
A robust way to explicitly handle exceptions is to protect code with a(n) __________ statement
try
Which standard library module are turtle graphics object and methods imported from?
turtle
To avoid a potential runtime error when opening files for reading or writing:
use the os.path.isfile function
A ____________ is any person who runs a program.
user
What Python loop repeatedly executes a block of statements as long as a certain condition is met?
while
In the Listbox widget, which attribute specifies the number of characters that can appear on each line?
width
What is the output of the following Python statement? print (set ( bookkeeper ) )
{'b', 'o', 'k', 'e', 'p', 'r'}
In a function call, the items inside parentheses are called _________.
Arguments
True or false: "In a hierarchy chart, details on how modules work should be included."
False
How many items does a List Box hold by default?
10
If the value of n is 3.14159, the function round(n) will return ____________. - 3.1 -a logic error -3 -a syntax error
3
In Python, you create a comment with the character(s) ____________. -# -## -// -a or b
A or B
What type of methods are used to retrieve the values of instance variables?
Accessor
The arguments in a function call are called _________ parameters.
Actual
In Python, variable names may consist of ____________. -letters -digits -underscores -all of the above
All of the above
When using inheritance to define a new class, the new class is called a __________ -subclass -derived class -child class -all of the above
All of the above
Which one of the following is a reserved word? -try -finally -except -all of the above
All of the above
Why would you write a recursive solution to a problem? -they are easier to read -they often generate less code -they are more elegant -all of the above
All of the above
Which one of the following is not a high-level language? -python -visual basic -java -assembly language
Assembly language
Which exception flags an error from unavailable functionality that is requested for an object?
AttributeError
In inheritance, the existing class that is used to create a subclass from is called a __________
Base class
In Python, variable names may begin with ____________. -a letter -an underscore -both a & b -none of the above
Both a & b
What happens when a runtime error occurs that the programmer has not explicitly addressed with exception handling code? -a traceback error message is displayed -the program terminates -a and b -none of the above
Both a and b
What is the Entry widget used for? -obtain input from the user -display output to the user -both a and b -none of the above
Both a and b
When are the contents of the buffer written to disk? -when the file is closed -when the buffer is full -both a and b -none of the above
Both a and b
Which of the following is an example of a runtime error? -invalid input data -file cannot be accessed -both a and b -none of the above
Both a and b
In Turtle graphics, the write method displays a string with the __________ corner of the string approximately at the current position of the pen
Bottom-left
The ____________ statement causes an exit from anywhere in the body of a loop.
Break
Python uses a(n) __________ as a temporary holding place for data to be written to disk
Buffer
An error in a program is called ________________.
Bug
What type of classes in Python are str, int, float, list, tuple, dictionary and set?
Built-in
What do you call runtime errors that usually occur due to circumstances beyond the programmer's control?
Exceptions
When as much implementation detail as possible in a program is hidden, it is called __________
Data Hiding
"In a flowchart, the representation of instructions that require a ""yes"" or ""no"" answer is called a(n)"
Decision structure
Functions that do not return values _________.
Do not have return statements
The process of bundling together data and methods while hiding the implementation of the methods is called __________
Encapsulation
_________ is a mechanism in Python that allows the programmer to recover from errors that occur while a program is still running
Exception Handling
Because each string holds its own value, all strings do not have the same methods
False
Child classes normally have all the characteristics of their parents, but less functionality
False
Every GUI program can be converted to a TUI program
False
Which programming tool graphically depicts the logical steps to carry out a task and show how the steps relate to each other?
Flowchart
The ____________ loop is used to iterate through a sequence of values.
For
What is the feature called in Python that allows us to define a new class that is a modified version of an existing class?
Inheritance
An attempt to open a nonexistent file for input:
Generates a runtime error
The mechanical and electrical devices of a computer are referred to as ______________.
Hardware
In a while loop, the line beginning with while is called a(n) ____________.
Header
In a dictionary, a pair such such as dog : rover is called a(n) __________
Item
_________ are file that facilitate the reuse of functions.
Library modules
When an if-else statement contains other if-else statements, it is said to be ____________.
Nested
In Turtle graphics, what does the statement t.hideturtle() do?
Makes the chevron visible
What type of methods are used to assign new values to the instance variables?
Mutator
Which exception flags an error when the value of a variable cannot be found
NameError
If a method defined in the subclass has the same name as a method in its superclass, the child's method will __________
Override the parent's method
In order for Python to use functions to work with binary files, you must first import which standard library module?
Pickle
In Turtle graphics, points on a canvas are called __________
Pixels
When two classes use the same method name, it is called __________
Polymorphism
In a function definition, arguments passed by position must _________ arguments passed by keyword.
Precede
In a function definition, the parameters without default values must _________ the parameters with default values.
Precede
A sequence of instructions is called a(n) _______________ .
Program
Which programming tool uses English-like phrases with some Python terms to outline the task?
Pseudocode
In Python, the numbers generated by the random module are said to be __________
Pseudorandom
The default mode for opening a file is
Reading
Each line of a CSV file is referred to as a(n) __________
Record
When Python stops evaluating a compound condition with the logical and operator because a condition evaluates to False, it is called ____________ evaluation.
Short-circuit
What is the default color of the Label widget?
The background color of the window
If a file that already exists is opened for writing:
The contents of the file will be erased
When an if-elif-else statement is evaluated, which block of statements is evaluated?
The first condition satisfied
What happens to empty rows in a List Box?
They are discarded
If two variables with the same name are created in two different functions _________.
They have no relationship to each other
Classes for widgets are defined in which module?
Tkinter
What is the ReadOnly Entry widget used for?
To Display Output
A child class that is a specialization of the parent class is said to have an "is-a" relationship
True
Given x = 5, y = 7 and z = "kitten" what does the following condition evaluate to? (x + y) / 2 == len(z)
True
Which exception flags an error when the function or operator receives the wrong type of argument?
TypeError
When does recursion end?
When a base case is reached
__________ are the components of a graphical user interface
Widgets
Elements of a set are delimited with __________
{}