Soils Final

In a given soil, the mineral horizon with the highest organic matter content is generally the ___________ horizon

A

"Subsoil" is generally equivalent to which soil horizons?

B

Based on the figure, which legal land description is correct?

T19N, R15E, sec 28, SW1/4

If you wanted to find a soil where chemical weathering is negligible when compared to physical breakdown you would be most apt to find it in:

a desert region of Arizona

The presence of rocks such as shale and sandstone indicate the existence of ________.

ancient seas

A, B, C, and E horizons can be found in any true soil.

false

Organic matter distribution in the profile is an insignificant criterion for differentiating epipedons

false

Soil, like concrete and steel, is a standard construction material. Its properties are well characterized and predictable so that standard building foundation designs can be used uniformly at all building sites of a given topography.

false

which of the following categories of soil taxonomy provides the greatest specificity of soil properties?

family

the expression P - SS - DV estimates the _______ a watershed

soil water content of

if pore space increases, Dp

stays the same

practices that increase organic matter and decrease tillage can be expected to most significantly increase the __________ in a soil.

porosity

Slate is a good example of metamorphic rocks

true

The broadest category of classification in Soil Taxonomy specifies 12 soil orders, 11 of which are for mineral soils

true

what would the bulk density of a soil with a wet weight of 57 g, a dry weight of 53 g, and occupies 37 cm3?

1.43 g/cm3

what is the bulk density of a soil with a wet weight of 55 g, a dry weight of 45 g, and occupies 25 cm3

1.80 g/cm3

Given that you have 80 g of K+, how many cmole are present (M.W. of K+ = 39 g. 100 cmol = 1 mole)

205

In a typical mineral soil in optimal condition for plant growth, approximately what percentage of the soil surface would be filled with water and what percentage filled with air? (% of pore space would be 50/50)

25% water 25% air

in a soil with a bulk density of 1.2 Mg/m3. what is the % pore space (assume Dp= 2.65 Mg/m3)

55%

two soil samples, A and B, at different soil moisture levels are placed in contact with each other. Water will more likely move to soil A from soil B if their water potentials expressed in kPa are ___________

A= -5 B=-5??

Which of the following is true?

All of the regular horizons do not have to be present to be considered a soil

In which of the following horizons has the process of illuviation most likely occurred?

B

Silicate clay accumulation is most common in the __________.

B horizon

Organic matter additions to the soil can decrease:

Db

Soil A has a profile with a lot of yellow and red colors while soil B has a predominately gray profile. Of the two soils, Soil A is more apt to be characterized by an abundance of ___________.

Fe3+ ions

The different shapes of aggregates in a soil defines the soil __________.

Structure

which of the following practices is(are) useful in stabilizing surface soil structure?

all of the answers

Alluvial soils are most likely to be found where?

along the banks of running water (streams, rivers, etc.)

In soils of which great group would you most likely find wide surface rocks during periods of dry weather?

calciusterts?

Secondary minerals are most prominent in the _________ fraction of soils.

clay

decreasing the organic matter content of a soil is likely to _________.

decrease the soil's structure, (disperse the soil aggregates)

which of the following glacial parent material can be found in Mississippi:

eolian loess

soil formation is due to aggregate:

flocculation

You find that the CEC of a sandy loam soil at pH 5.0 is 8 cmol/kg and at pH 8.2 it is 14 cmol/kg. what is the most likely reason for this difference?

ionization of carboxyl and phenolic groups to release H+ ions

the negative charges associated with montmorillinite clay crystals are due mostly to ___________.

isomorphic substitution of Mg for Al in the octahedral sheet

which of the following statements is correct?

lacustrine parent material have been subject to weathering for shorter periods of time than residual parent materials nearby

Which of the following is a textural class name?

loam

An ultisol can look like a mollisol or alfisol but it is different in that it has a

low base saturation

Compared to silt, clay-sized particles are characterized by:

much higher surface area??

what happens to permanent charge as the pH of the soil increases

nothing

Shale is an example of a(n) ___________

sedimentary rock

The map units on a detailed soil map in a county soil survey report (same as web soil survey) are most likely to be labeled with names from which category of soils taxonomy?

series

if you start with 40 g of soil, and the first hydrometer reading is 32 g/L while the second is 8 g/L, what is the soil texture?

silt loam

if you start with 40 g of soil, and the first hydrometer reading is 36 g/L while the second is 14 g/L, what is the soil texture?

silty clay loam

Biochemical weathering processes result in:

the disintegration of rocks due to differential expansion of minerals

A soil profile consists of:

the set of layers seen in a vertical cross section of a soil

you are working with a soil with a bulk density of less than 1. which of the following is likely?

this soil is highly porous and likely very organic (potting soil)

the two most significant characteristics of the classification system used in the United States are a unique system of terminology and focus on measurable soil properties as a primary basis for the classification.

true

Losses from the soil primarily affect the soil profile through

water movement

Soils derived from alluvial parent materials tend to be

water transported