SPC Midterm

Which type of supporting data provides numerical facts or measurements about a large group or collection?

Statistics

_____ would NOT have been considered part of lexis by the ancient Greeks.

The clothes people wear

Which is an example of a specific purpose statement meant to inform?

To teach a small group of peers the appropriate method of making scrambled eggs

Which statement is true about defining style for our time?

Today style is a much bigger, more encompassing concept than it was in ancient Greece

A study of over 200 athletes revealed there was a strong correlation between _____ and confidence in sports-related performance.

Visualization

Which attention-getter encourages the audience to imagine a scenario or scene?

Visualization

Most of Theresa's actions are driven by her desire to be happy. Theresa's desire to be happy is an example of:

terminal values.

Tone is:

the emotional quality or character of human expression.

Knowing the physical possibilities and limitations of where you will be speaking can help you determine:

the limitations of your speech.

As forms of speech support, declarations of faith are most effective

when an inspirational or even spiritual tone is called for.

Which may be included in your preparation outline?

Specific purpose statement

What is a point in which the audience and speaker recognize that they are alike in some fundamental way?

Identification

Which statement from a speech about healthy workplaces is using statistics?

"Only 41 percent of employees report that their company encourages employees to take time off."

Which should George include in his conclusion if he wants to make his speech on friendly pranking more memorable?

A joke

Which is an example of incorrectly adopting the style of an insider?

A politician from the city speaking to a group of rural teenagers at a horse ranch and calling them his "posse."

Which example BEST represents lay testimony?

A professional hockey player recommends a specific car rental company.

Halim is researching the benefits of a vegan diet for a speech in his nutrition class. Which of the following online resources would be the most helpful?

A recent study from JSTOR

Wilson is researching the use of animal testing in the medical industry for a speech in his public policy class. Which of the following online resources would be the most helpful?

A recent study from JSTOR

Which statement would help your speech on poetry linger in the minds of your audience?

As the famous Edgar Alan Poe said, "Quoth the Raven, nevermore

Which is an example of biased language?

A childbirth instructor calling children "rug rats."

Taylor is researching teen drug and alcohol abuse for an anti-drug campaign at school. Which of the following online resources would be the most helpful?

A clinical research study from clinicaltrials.gov

Hala is researching the limitations of the Family Medical Leave Act to use in a speech to garner support for mandatory maternity and paternity leave. Which of the following online resources would be the most helpful?

A recorded interview with a prominent politician

The way a person's voice sounds, often in respect to a particular community or geographic region, is called a(n):

Accent.

Hiro plans to give a short speech at a going away party for a friend. He begins by thanking everyone for coming to send off their dear friend. Which attention getter has Hiro used?

Acknowledging the speaking situation

What listening skill can help you to be a better speaker?

Active listening

In what way is all speaking, and especially public speaking, a pact?

All speaking is an agreement between a speaker and listener/audience to participate in a responsible manner.

You should not pick a speech topic if you feel _____ about it.

Ambivalent

Emma is researching internet censorship for a speech in her public policy course. Which of the following online resources would be the most helpful?

An academic essay from JSTOR

Fatima is researching gender discrimination in politics for her public speaking course. Which of the following online resources would be the most helpful?

An academic essay from LexisNexis

Which example represents expert testimony?

An educational psychologist describes the effect of emotion on learning.

In a bigger space, the speaker may have to be more:

Animated

_____ said the subject of style specifically concerned word choice and diction.

Aristotle

Which statement is true about Aristotle's more formal use of the term lexis?

Aristotle said that the subject of style specifically concerned word choice and diction.

Which statement is true about Aristotle's informal use of the term lexis?

Aristotle used the word to denote one's manner of speaking in general.

Which statement about articulation is true?

Articulation concerns how you move your lips and tongue when speaking.

Gorgias compared the effects of public speaking to which element of witchcraft?

Spells and incantations

Which might be included in both your speaking outline and your preparation outline?

Attention getters

Wanda is giving a speech on cooking black-eyed peas. She ended her speech on a light-hearted note by quoting lyrics from a Black Eyed Peas song. Which strategy is Wanda using?

Attention getting

If Gianna says she does not like sushi, she is expressing a(n):

Attitude.

What is the relationship between style and disposition?

Audiences perceive your disposition through your style.

Which are ideas we have about reality?

Beliefs

Which factors influence our selective perception?

Beliefs and values

When being creative to determine a speech topic, Miguel decides to let his mind wander a bit. What strategy is Miguel using?

Brainstorming

Which is included in the definition of public speaking?

Bringing a group together

Public speaking concerns other people to whom you _____ and from whom you ask for a response.

Call

Louise is planning to give a speech on activities that may lead to lower back pain. Which speech organization patter would be most appropriate?

Cause-and-effect

Which organizational pattern usually demands that speakers offer well-established or researched support?

Cause-and-effect

You are going to give a speech on how high-sugar diets may lead to increased dental cavities. Which speech organizational pattern would be most appropriate?

Cause-and-effect

A clinical research study from the Mayo Clinic would be most appropriate for which speech topic?

Causes and symptoms of heart disease

The fundamental purpose of speaking is to build:

Community.

Which is a visual technique used to think about the relationships between ideas?

Concept mapping

While brainstorming a speech topic, Desmond drew a circle on a piece of paper and placed his initial idea in it. Then he drew arrows and more circles around it to explore relationships between the words. Which brainstorming technique is Desmond using?

Concept mapping

_____ words that state exactly what you mean to say will also help an audience follow your message.

Concise

Summarizing your points is a common and effective strategy to use in which part of any speech?

Conclusion

For the purposes of public speaking, expertise is:

Credibility.

Body language refers to the use of _____ when speaking.

Gestures

What does international gesture expert Jürgen Streeck say about gestures?

Gestures are just as significant to our social world as speech.

Which ancient Greek orator compared the exciting and fearful effects of a good speech to "witchcraft" or "spellbinding"?

Gorgias

Which statement about orally citing sources is false?

Dates are particularly important information when citing testimony.

Kenny works on the receiving dock for a retail store. During the last few weekly meetings, his manager has been calling Kenny out by name for errors that negatively affect the team's productivity. Kenny has begun to feel a sense of dread and anger about this and, even though he appears to be listening calmly, he knows he isn't listening during the meetings. What listening barrier is causing Kenny to not listen during meetings?

Defensive listening

Scholars who study audiences tend to break down identity characteristics into:

Demography

Which is a true statement about orally citing sources?

Depending on the speech situation, you may not need to include all of the source information.

Which adjective BEST describes examples?

Descriptive

Which type of audience would be considered an unknown audience?

Discussion board online

Communication is a cooperative process that is generally:

Earnest.

If you are showing someone how to make scrambled eggs, what is your speech purpose?

Education

Consider the following statements as a potential part of a speech. Which could be considered controversial and, therefore, would warrant further investigation?

Gun control would prevent gun death.

What can we do to control internal noise?

Engage in active listening.

Paulo is giving a speech on training dogs to sit and stay. After describing how to teach the sit command, Paulo says "Next, you should focus on teaching the dog to stay." Which has Paulo used?

Enumeration

When moving between points, you are sure to say phrases like "First of all," and "Next." This is an example of using an:

Enumeration.

_____ refers to the discernment of right and wrong and good and evil.

Ethics

An element of style that has been discussed since the time of ancient Greece and is associated with credibility is:

Expertise.

_____ noise is anything in a communication environment that one can sense or feel that can distract from a message.

External

Carla, who often texts her friends during class, comes to her math class and finds that she has a quiz. She didn't prepare for the quiz because she doesn't remember her professor announcing it. Other students are prepared, so clearly her professor informed the class. Which listening barrier is likely the reason for her poor listening?

External noise

Journalists, scholars, and students have used websites like _____ to research the claims of prominent public figures and to assess whether they are true or false.

FactCheck.org

Angelina is picking out kale at the grocery store. An older woman Angelina does not know approaches and says, "This store has the best kale." Angelina smiles and nods because she thinks the same thing. Which of Burke's ideas does this exemplify?

Flattery

A recent study from JSTOR would be the most helpful source for a speech about which of the following topics?

Gender pay inequality in the United States

How did Gorgias use his speech about Helen of Troy to convince people to study oratory with him?

He compared Helen's passion for Paris to the passion audiences feel listening to a skilled orator.

What did Gorgias say about vivid language?

He thought they were almost as powerful as the sight of the thing being described.

What is the difference between hearing and listening?

Hearing is a physical event. Listening is consciously and actively making sense or meaning of spoken and/or nonverbal messages.

A speaker who describes an imaginary scenario as part of a speech is using which type of speech support?

Hypothetical example

Which statement shows eunoia?

I think the audience members are good people.

While giving a speech, Marcus makes a joke involving a popular culture reference, and the audience laughs and claps. What is this shared moment an example of?

Identification

Every message sent between or among people is fundamentally about:

Identity

Irony must be used carefully because it involves communicating meaning:

Indirectly.

A speaker demonstrates goodwill toward an audience by ordering a speech in a manner that has the audience's level of comprehension and _____ at heart.

Interests

What did the Greeks term the process of developing a speech?

Invention

Speeches that provide information or include factual claims that can be proven or disproven require:

Investigation.

According to Isocrates, which is true of the craft of public speaking?

It can help move people more quickly toward honesty of character.

Why is public speaking said to have incredible power?

It can influence how people think, act, and feel about the world around them.

What is wrong with appearing to not care about how you are perceived?

It can translate to an audience assuming you do not care about them.

Which is true of public speaking?

It is a form of calling to an audience.

Which statement about speaking volume is true?

It is appropriate to ask an audience if they can hear you.

How does tonework differ in high-context and low-context cultures?

It is more challenging in low-context cultures.

Which statement is true about contextual reasoning?

It must consider the contextual demands and constraints of the speech.

Which statement about walking around during speaking is true?

It's a good idea to move around and not remain chained behind a podium.

Which is a cause of speech anxiety?

Lack of experience

What did Gorgias consider the most important of all the arts?

Public speaking

Aristotle collected his remarks on style under the Greek term _____, which means word.

Lexis

Mark just completed a training class for his part-time job as a bank teller. He seems to remember nothing from his training when the time comes to actually do the work, and his boss seems concerned and frustrated. What strategies could you recommend to help Mark retain his training better?

Listen actively.

_____ is an active response to the call of another.

Listening

_____ is the process of actively making meaning of messages.

Listening

Which is true of the relationship between speaking and listening?

Listening comes before speaking.

Which is an example of a metaphor?

Love is a battlefield.

The most familiar tropes are _____, which compare two seemingly dissimilar things.

Metaphors

During which life crisis are people most concerned with the reality of aging?

Mid-life

Literary critic and theorist I.A. Richards argued that rhetoric "should be the study of _____ and its remedies."

Misunderstanding

During the introduction of her speech on elements of songwriting, Zahara sings the lyrics from her favorite childhood song. Which attention getter strategy has she used?

Quotation

You begin your speech on poetry by reciting a line from Robert Frost's famous poem, The Road Not Taken. Which attention-getter have you used?

Quotation

If you give a speech that tells the story of Harry S. Truman, which organization pattern would you likely use?

Narrative

Who wrote The Power of Positive Thinking which argued the relationship between positive visualization and success?

Norman Vincent Peale

What is the relationship between opinion and facts?

Opinions are conclusions that have been drawn from facts.

Using a(n)_____will help determine a hierarchy among your speech points.

Outline

Establishing ethos is done in what two ways?

Over the course of your life and during a speech

The preparation or working outline should be committed to:

Paper.

Jennifer's father was born in Korea. Even though she does not speak Korean and has never been to Korea, she looks Korean. In this example, Korean would be considered Jennifer's:

Race

If you are attempting to help your audience visualize moving through a place, you are likely using which organizational pattern?

Spatial

While giving a toast at her best friend's party, Molly talks about their first encounter as kids. What type of testimony is Molly using?

Personal experience

In general, the larger the audience, the more you will need to be:

Prepared.

Which should you provide as the last element of your introduction?

Preview

When introducing your speech, you list all the main points you intend to cover. This is an example of a(n):

Preview.

Which of Burke's concepts related to identification may explain the phrase, "Absence makes the heart grow fonder"?

Prior separation

You are running for student council president and plan to give a speech that expresses why you would be better than your opponent. Which speech organizational pattern would be best to use?

Problem-solution

Bad speeches are often a consequence of:

Procrastination

Which is a true statement about orally citing sources?

Radio news reports are the best models for how to present sources orally.

When grading final exams, Professor Henry Jones notices that most students scored well on content he presented in his first lecture of the semester, but scored low on concepts from last week's class. What explains the discrepancy in the students' memories?

Recency effect

The conclusion is a great place to insert the things you want the audience to:

Remember.

Which is the first of four basic steps for preparing and delivering a speech?

Research

Suzanne needs to determine a speech topic. She is writing down everything she thinks of, but is quickly becoming frustrated and overwhelmed. Which does Suzanne need to help her productively brainstorm speech ideas?

Rough guidelines

If your audience is larger than a small group, you can improve your eye contact by:

Scanning.

Which is NOT a component of rhetorical scholar Barry Brummett's view of style?

Seeing style as what we see more than what we hear.

Which freedom is NOT addressed by the First Amendment to the Constitution?

Self-representation

How should you feel about the topic you choose?

Strongly

What does rhetorical scholar Barry Brummett say about the relationship between style and identity?

Style is caught up in our individual identities.

In a smaller space, the speaker will need to be more:

Subtle

Contextual reasoning concerns thinking about the kinds of _____ you can use for a speech given its contextual demands and constraints.

Support

Communication is the coordination of behavior through:

Symbols.

Jessica is speaking about the order of events during the Civil War in the United States. Which speech organization will she likely use?

Temporal

Which speech organizational pattern would work best when speaking about the steps required to make bread?

Temporal

Hannah is giving a presentation about the subprime mortgage crisis of 2007-2008 for her business class. Which of the following resources would be the most appropriate to use?

The Wall Street Journal

How is the conversational model different from the civic model?

The conversational model sees public speaking as a dialogue between the speaker and audience, while the civic model sees public speaking as a component of a much larger democratic dialogue among communities.

A historical document from loc.gov (Library of Congress) would be the most helpful source for a speech about which of the following topics?

The economic consequences of the Civil War

Which statement about tone is true?

The elocutionists believed tones could bypass language and communicate through feelings.

Which describes tonework?

The labor of the speaker to craft, control, or change the expression of feeling in public speaking.

_____ is NOT nonverbal communication.

The manuscript for a speech

If you are trying to think about your audience in a positive way, you are likely trying to:

overcome anxiety.

Which is an example of an appropriate thesis statement for a speech celebrating the valedictorian of your graduating class?

The valedictorian has worked hard in many ways and deserves a round of applause.

Which is an example of connotation versus denotation?

The word "pig" can be found in the dictionary and has a formal definition, or denotative meaning. It has a positive connotation to a pig farmer and a negative connotation to a person being called one.

Which is the most effective delivery device for your speech topic?

Thesis

Which might be included in both your speaking outline and your preparation outline?

Thesis statement

Which statement about stories as a form of supporting material is true?

They can reflect real-life events or be fictional.

When should you present a solution to the problem in the problem-solution organizational pattern?

Third

Which is true of listening?

Those who are deaf can listen.

Which is an example of a persuasive specific purpose statement?

To encourage the members of city council to institute community-wide recycling

Which is an example of a specific purpose statement for an informative speech?

To increase the audience's understanding of heart disease causes

Which is an example of a specific purpose statement meant to celebrate?

To remember the life of a grandparent who has passed away with family and friends

Planning your speech delivery entails working toward adjusting the emotional character of your nonverbal communication in a process we call:

Tonework.

Cordelia is speaking about the characteristics of a good red wine reduction sauce, but she is having trouble coming up with transitions. Which speech design is she likely using?

Topical

Which of the following terms describes a fact or belief that is widely accepted by a given community or group of people?

Truth

When commenting on a news story you found interesting, you are participating in what type of audience?

Unknown

What can you do to help your speech linger in the minds of your audience?

Use an attention getter

To start her speech on the importance of the honey bee, Meena plans to ask the audience to imagine a world without honey or flowers. Which attention-getter is Meena using?

Visualization

What is the best way to become more aware of what your body is doing when you speak and make sure your expressions and gestures match up?

Watch a video recording of yourself.

Which is true about listening?

We can listen with our eyes.

What is accurate about defining listening as the counterpart to speaking?

We tend to speak and listen at the same time.

What two messages are always present in any one message?

What a speaker believes she is saying and what a listener believes she is hearing

What is a question speakers of the past may have asked when studying oratory?

What is my special expertise in this topic?

A nonprofit organization has asked Michal, a martial arts instructor, to give a speech on self-defense. The organization told him he will be speaking to a group of about 40 college women who want to feel more confident walking on campus at night. Which basic question will help Michal better determine his topic?

What is the speaking situation?

Which basic question should you consider after you've determined why you are giving the speech?

What topics are interesting and relevant to you?

Beauregard is coming up with speech ideas. He has just completed making a list of his hobbies which may serve as possible topics. Which basic speech question should he now consider?

What topics will be interesting and relevant to your audience?

Gus will be presenting his research at a conference of his peers. He plans to present a project he has been working on for several years, but needs to narrow it down to a 20-minute presentation. Which basic question will likely help Gus determine his topic?

What topics will be interesting and relevant to your audience?

Which is an example of impression management?

When former President George H.W. Bush was Ronald Reagan's vice president, he was perceived as being "wimpy." Image consultants worked with him, and by the time he was elected, he had changed his style to one that was forceful and masculine

If you're reading an article about legislation supported by First Lady Hillary Clinton, which of the following questions should you ask yourself?

When was the article published?

Damian found this statistic while doing research for an upcoming presentation: "According to the survey, 77 percent of the public favor incremental increases to the Medicare program." What question should he find the answer to before including this statistic in his presentation?

Who was the survey sent to?

Gorgias compared the power of the spoken word to:

Witchcraft.

Cynthia is using information obtained from her personal interview with an investment advisor as a source for her speech about saving for retirement. Does she need an oral citation?

Yes, she does, and she should include the fact that she personally interviewed the advisor, the advisor's name and profession, the company the advisor works for, and the date of the interview.

Which is an example of how the speech situation can constrain what should be said?

You decide not to tell a joke with a sexual innuendo at your grandmother's 80th birthday.

Which is an example of external noise?

Your classmate is tapping his pencil during an exam.

The more recent turn toward thinking about public speaking as _____ more equally balances the roles of listeners and speakers.

a civic conversation

You post a picture to Instagram while eating dinner at your favorite restaurant. Several of your Instagram followers like your photo and comment that they love the restaurant as well. This moment of bonding is an example of:

a moment of identification.

With the exception of the sophists, the ancient Greeks described public speaking or oratory as:

a techne.

Speech anxiety is:

also known as stage fright.

The way public speaking is studied today as an art comes most directly from:

ancient Greek manuscripts.

The one-step-up rule is meant to communicate that you:

are interested in your audience.

Before giving his speech, Bernardo tries to find out more about the people he'll be speaking to, which is considered:

audience analysis.

As you are moving out of the preliminary research phase, take detailed notes about your sources that indicate useful evidence and:

bibliographic information.

According to Gorgias, public speaking was NOT:

by nature either bad or good.

Establishing credibility in your introduction is meant to either directly or indirectly say that you:

can be trusted.

The point of contextual reasoning is to keep in mind that the process of selecting speech support is not simply a matter of

cold, rational logic.

Aristotle said that although public speaking is a craft that is highly _____, there were a number of general guidelines and principles that could be helpful to all speakers.

context dependent

Using _____ can help you decide what is and is not appropriate to wear for a speaking engagement.

contextual reasoning

We use _____ to determine how to put support materials to best use in supporting a speech.

contextual reasoning

Thinking about what supporting materials would be appropriate to include in a speech based on the speech situation is called

contextual reasoning.

Due to the development of _____, people are more at risk of becoming unintentionally misinformed.

digital media

According to researchers, the "fake it until you make it" approach to public speaking:

does work to improve the positive feelings of the speaker in some contexts.

Juanita is a dietician speaking to high schoolers about how to prevent iron-deficient anemia through a healthy diet. She begins her speech by mentioning she has worked with adolescents for 15 years. Juanita is primarily trying to:

establish credibility.

Ingrid was born in Sweden. However, now she lives in the United States, speaks English fluently, and enjoys watching baseball in the summer. She views herself as an American. American would be considered Ingrid's:

ethnic identification.

In Western culture, _____ signifies a human connection and interest.

eye contact

Originally, the meaning of the concept "invention" was a noun that described:

finding something.

You work for an advertising agency. Before designing a commercial, you conduct a focus group of current customers. This is a form of:

formal audience analysis.

If your friend says "ice cream" and you immediately (and without thinking) say "desire," you have engaged in:

free association.

A person states his or her beliefs on a topic. This BEST describes

giving testimony.

Aristotle believed that public speaking concerns only two things: use of examples and

informal logic.

Harold strives to be a good person and considers himself to be a loyal friend. The idea that he considers himself a loyal friend is a(n):

instrumental value.

Elocutionists like Thomas Sheridan believed:

one's tone in speaking is related to strong, instinctual emotions.

A speaker is evaluating statistics that she may include in her speech. As part of her evaluation, she asks herself, "Does the data support the financial gains of a person or an organization?" This speaker is most likely assessing for

possible bias.

According to Gorgias, speech is a powerful lord because it has many capabilities EXCEPT the ability to

provoke questioning.

Concise language involves:

shorter words and fewer words.

When an audience may be unfamiliar with your accent or dialect, you should:

speak more slowly and articulate more clearly than you normally would.

When Byron shares that a Centers for Disease Control survey found more than 30,000 people died in alcohol-related accidents, he is using:

startling statistics.

We use contextual reasoning to determine how to put _____ to best use in supporting a speech.

support materials

Facts, statistics, and testimony are all examples of

supporting material.

Contextual reasoning is reasoning your selection of _____, tailored to the context in which you're speaking.

supporting materials

Today, the formal study of public speaking is less focused on unique gifts or skills and more on:

the study of expectations audiences bring to a speaking situation.

Stories hold a potent appeal for most people, including your audience, at least in part because:

they can often unite an audience despite tensions or disagreements.

Ideas usually catch on because they are:

tied to feelings.

The elocutionary movement primarily:

was concerned with delivery.